12 research outputs found

    Reasoning in non-probabilistic uncertainty: logic programming and neural-symbolic computing as examples

    Get PDF
    This article aims to achieve two goals: to show that probability is not the only way of dealing with uncertainty (and even more, that there are kinds of uncertainty which are for principled reasons not addressable with probabilistic means); and to provide evidence that logic-based methods can well support reasoning with uncertainty. For the latter claim, two paradigmatic examples are presented: Logic Programming with Kleene semantics for modelling reasoning from information in a discourse, to an interpretation of the state of affairs of the intended model, and a neural-symbolic implementation of Input/Output logic for dealing with uncertainty in dynamic normative context

    Reasoning in Non-probabilistic Uncertainty: Logic Programming and Neural Symbolic Computing as Examples

    Get PDF
    This article aims to achieve two goals: to show that probability is not the only way of dealing with uncertainty (and even more, that there are kinds of uncertainty which are for principled reasons not addressable with probabilistic means); and to provide evidence that logic-based methods can well support reasoning with uncertainty. For the latter claim, two paradigmatic examples are presented: logic programming with Kleene semantics for modelling reasoning from information in a discourse, to an interpretation of the state of affairs of the intended model, and a neural-symbolic implementation of input/output logic for dealing with uncertainty in dynamic normative contexts

    Argumentation update in YALLA (Yet Another Logic Language for Argumentation)

    Get PDF
    International audienceThis article proposes a complete framework for handling the dynamics of an abstract argumentation system. This frame can encompass several belief bases under the form of several argumentation systems, more precisely it is possible to express and study how an agent who has her own argumentation system can interact on a target argumentation system (that may represent a state of knowledge at a given stage of a debate). The two argumentation systems are defined inside a reference argumentation system called the universe which constitutes a kind of “common language”. This paper establishes three main results. First, we show that change in argumentation in such a framework can be seen as a particular case of belief update. Second, we have introduced a new logical language called YALLA in which the structure of an argumentation system can be encoded, enabling to express all the basic notions of argumentation theory (defense, conflict-freeness, extensions) by formulae of YALLA. Third, due to previous works about dynamics in argumentation we have been in position to provide a set of new properties that are specific for argumentation update

    Shadows of Doubt: On the Psychological Foundations of the Skeptical Problem

    Get PDF
    Abstract: Why is it that we can know so much about the world, but skeptical arguments seem so hard to resist? My dissertation offers a psychological diagnosis of the attraction of skeptical arguments. Just as vision scientists investigate illusion to better understand how perception is successful, I think that by investigating the causes of doubt we can better understand the nature of knowledge. Most contemporary accounts of the skeptical problem describe it as appealing to our ordinary intuitions about knowledge, and trace its origin to linguistic confusions. I argue that this diagnosis is mistaken on both counts. The received diagnosis assumes that skepticism is a byproduct of our ordinary epistemic practices. However, this diagnosis is overly reliant on armchair appeals to intuitions about cases by philosophers - individuals who are not ordinary epistemic agents by any means. To better understand the nature of skeptical arguments and their relation to our ordinary epistemic practices, I use the methods of the psychological sciences to empirically investigate how ordinary individuals reason about skeptical arguments, and the factors affect their evaluations. Using this empirical work as a foundation, I argue that the linguistic diagnosis of the skeptical paradox is inadequate because it does not do justice to skepticism’s intransigence: linguistic mistakes are easy to recognize, but skeptical doubts are hard to dislodge. I argue, instead, that the skeptical problem is a byproduct of a conflict between two separate components of our epistemic psychology. Specifically, I defend the idea that we deploy two different heuristic standards of evaluation towards potential beliefs. Toward favored sources, like perception and the testimony of friends, we apply the heuristic can I believe P?, and search for evidence that is consistent with P. Toward disfavored sources, like the arguments of rivals, we ask instead must I believe P?, and search for possibilities in which P might be false. These two standards, the first fallibilist and the second infallibilist, are inconsistent, and thus lead to the skeptical paradox. I then argue that the appeal of skeptical arguments rests on a cognitive bias

    Informal Logic: A 'Canadian' Approach to Argument

    Get PDF
    The informal logic movement began as an attempt to develop – and teach – an alternative logic which can account for the real life arguing that surrounds us in our daily lives – in newspapers and the popular media, political and social commentary, advertising, and interpersonal exchange. The movement was rooted in research and discussion in Canada and especially at the University of Windsor, and has become a branch of argumentation theory which intersects with related traditions and approaches (notably formal logic, rhetoric and dialectics in the form of pragma-dialectics). In this volume, some of the best known contributors to the movement discuss their views and the reasoning and argument which is informal logic’s subject matter. Many themes and issues are explored in a way that will fuel the continued evolution of the field. Federico Puppo adds an insightful essay which considers the origins and development of informal logic and whether informal logicians are properly described as a “school” of thought. In considering that proposition, Puppo introduces readers to a diverse range of essays, some of them previously published, others written specifically for this volume

    Political Actors and Boundaries in the Public Proclamations of Osama Bin Laden

    Get PDF
    A thesis presented to the faculty of the Caudill College of Humanities at Morehead tate University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Daniel Aaron Bradley on April 20, 2007

    Frontiers of Humanity and Beyond: Towards new critical understandings of borders. Working Papers

    Get PDF
    UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020publishersversionpublishe

    A Companion to Naturalism

    Get PDF
    Offering a engaging and accessible portrait of the current state of the field, A Companion to Naturaslim shows students how to think about the relation between Philosophy and Science, and why is both essencial and fascinating to do so. All the authors in this collection reconsider the core questions in Philosophical Naturalism in light of the challenges raised in Contemporary Philosophy. They explore how philosophical questions are connected to vigorous current debates - including complex questions about metaphysics, semantics, religion, intentionality, pragmatism, reductionism, ontology, metaethics, mind, science, belief and delusion, among others – showing how these issues, and philosopher’s attempts to answer them, matter in the Philosophy. In this sense, this collection is also compelling and illuminating reading for philosophers, philosophy students, and anyone interested in Naturalism and their place in current discussions

    Anales del XIII Congreso Argentino de Ciencias de la ComputaciĂłn (CACIC)

    Get PDF
    Contenido: Arquitecturas de computadoras Sistemas embebidos Arquitecturas orientadas a servicios (SOA) Redes de comunicaciones Redes heterogéneas Redes de Avanzada Redes inalámbricas Redes móviles Redes activas Administración y monitoreo de redes y servicios Calidad de Servicio (QoS, SLAs) Seguridad informática y autenticación, privacidad Infraestructura para firma digital y certificados digitales Análisis y detección de vulnerabilidades Sistemas operativos Sistemas P2P Middleware Infraestructura para grid Servicios de integración (Web Services o .Net)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI
    corecore