478 research outputs found

    System Level Analysis of LTE-Advanced:with Emphasis on Multi-Component Carrier Management

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    Interference analysis of and dynamic channel assignment algorithms in TD–CDMA/TDD systems

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    The radio frequency spectrum for commercial wireless communications has become an expensive commodity. Consequently, radio access techniques are required which enable the efficient exploitation of these resources. This, however, is a difficult task due to an increasing diversity of wireless services. Hence, in order to achieve acceptable spectrum efficiency a flexible air– interface is required. It has been demonstrated that code division multiple access (CDMA) provides flexibility by enabling efficient multi user access in a cellular environment. In addition, time division duplex (TDD) as compared to frequency division duplex (FDD) represents an appropriate method to cater for the asymmetric use of a duplex channel. However, the TDD technique is subject to additional interference mechanisms in particular if neighbouring cells require different rates of asymmetry. If TDD is combined with an interference limited multiple access technique such as CDMA, the additional interference mechanism represents an important issue. This issue poses the question of whether a CDMA/TDD air–interface can be used in a cellular environment. The problems are eased if a hybrid TDMA (time division multiple access) / CDMA interface (TD–CDMA) is used. The reason for this is that the TDMA component adds another degree of freedom which can be utilised to avoid interference. This, however, requires special channel assignment techniques. This thesis analyses cellular CDMA/TDD systems used in indoor environments. A key parameter investigated is the interference in such systems. In the interference analysis a special focus is placed on adjacent channel interference since the jamming entity and victim entity can be in close proximity. The interference analysis shows that co–location of BS’s using adjacent channels is not feasible for an adjacent channel protection factor that is less than 40 dB and frame synchronisation errors of more than 10%. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that ideal frame synchronisation does not necessarily yield the highest capacity. As a consequence, a new technique termed ’TS–opposing’ is introduced. This method is intended to enable a cellular TD–CDMA/TDD system to apply cell independent channel asymmetry. For this purpose, a centralised DCA is developed. It is found that this algorithm indeed enables neighbouring cells to adopt different rates of asymmetry without a significant capacity loss. Moreover, a decentralised DCA algorithm based on the TS–opposing principle is developed. In this context, a novel TS assignment concept is proposed which reduces the complexity associated with the TS–opposing technique. In addition, the TS assignment plan allows for full spatial coverage. It is shown that the capacity of a TD–CDMA/TDD interface can be greater than the capacity of an equivalent FDD interface. The performance of the decentralised DCA algorithm is limited by the interference in the uplink. Therefore, additional methods which assist in reducing the interference in the uplink are envisaged to further improve the performance of the decentralised DCA algorithm. The exploitation of the TS–opposing technique in two different ways demonstrates that this method can be used to improve the performance of a TD–CDMA/TDD system significantly

    The IST project MATRICE on MC-CDMA transmission techniques for future Cellular Systems

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    This paper presents an overview of the European IST project MATRICE (MC-CDMA Transmission Techniques for Integrated Broadband Cellular Systems, IST-2001-3220), describing its tasks, goals and preliminary achievements. The main focus of the MATRICE project is the definition of a new air-interface for future cellular mobile radio systems based on Multicarrier-CDMA modulation techniques and the study of its key building blocks like receiver algorithms and flexible TX components. The nine European partners participating in this project are CEA-LETI (F), France Telecom (F), Instituto de TelecommonicaçÔ (P), Mitsubishi Electric ITE-TCL (F), University of Madrid (E), University of Surrey (UK), STMicroelectronics (CH), INSA-IETR (F) and Nokia (D)

    Traffic integration in personal, local and geograhical wireless networks

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    Currently, users identify wireless networks with the first and second generation of cellular-telephony networks. Although voice and short messaging have driven the success of these networks so far, data and more sophisticated applications are emerging as the future driving forces for the extensive deployment of new wireless technologies. In this chapter we will consider future wireless technologies that will provide support to different types of traffic including legacy voice applications, Internet data traffic, and sophisticated multimedia applications. In the near future, wireless technologies will span from broadband wide-area technologies (such as satellite-based network and cellular networks) to local and personal area networks. Hereafter, for each class of networks, we will present the emerging wireless technologies for supporting service integration. Our overview will start by analyzing the Bluetooth technology that is the de-facto standard for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), i.e. networks that connect devices placed inside a circle with radius of 10 meters. Two main standards exist for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs): IEEE 802. and HiperLAN. In this chapter we focus on the IEEE 802.11 technology, as it is the technology currently available on the market. In this chapter, after a brief description of the IEEE 802.11 architecture, we will focus on the mechanisms that have been specifically designed to support delay sensitive traffics

    Adaptive Communications for Next Generation Broadband Wireless Access Systems

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    Un dels aspectes claus en el disseny i gestiĂł de les xarxes sense fils d'accĂ©s de banda ampla Ă©s l'Ășs eficient dels recursos radio. Des del punt de vista de l'operador, l'ample de banda Ă©s un bĂ© escĂ s i preuat que sÂŽha d'explotar i gestionar de la forma mĂ©s eficient possible tot garantint la qualitat del servei que es vol proporcionar. Per altra banda, des del punt de vista del usuari, la qualitat del servei ofert ha de ser comparable al de les xarxes fixes, requerint aixĂ­ un baix retard i una baixa pĂšrdua de paquets per cadascun dels fluxos de dades entre la xarxa i l'usuari. Durant els darrers anys sÂŽhan desenvolupat nombroses tĂšcniques i algoritmes amb l'objectiu d'incrementar l'eficiĂšncia espectral. Entre aquestes tĂšcniques destaca l'Ășs de mĂșltiples antenes al transmissor i al receptor amb l'objectiu de transmetre diferents fluxos de dades simultaneament sense necessitat d'augmentar l'ample de banda. Per altra banda, la optimizaciĂł conjunta de la capa d'accĂ©s al medi i la capa fĂ­sica (fent Ășs de l'estat del canal per tal de gestionar de manera optima els recursos) tambĂ© permet incrementar sensiblement l'eficiĂšncia espectral del sistema.L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi Ă©s l'estudi i desenvolupament de noves tĂšcniques d'adaptaciĂł de l'enllaç i gestiĂł dels recursos rĂ dio aplicades sobre sistemes d'accĂ©s rĂ dio de propera generaciĂł (Beyond 3G). Els estudis realitzats parteixen de la premissa que el transmisor coneix (parcialment) l'estat del canal i que la transmissiĂł es realitza fent servir un esquema multiportadora amb mĂșltiples antenes al transmisor i al receptor. En aquesta tesi es presenten dues lĂ­nies d'investigaciĂł, la primera per casos d'una sola antenna a cada banda de l'enllaç, i la segona en cas de mĂșltiples antenes. En el cas d'una sola antena al transmissor i al receptor, un nou esquema d'assignaciĂł de recursos rĂ dio i prioritzaciĂł dels paquets (scheduling) Ă©s proposat i analitzat integrant totes dues funcions sobre una mateixa entitat (cross-layer). L'esquema proposat tĂ© com a principal caracterĂ­stica la seva baixa complexitat i que permet operar amb transmissions multimedia. Alhora, posteriors millores realitzades per l'autor sobre l'esquema proposat han permĂšs tambĂ© reduir els requeriments de senyalitzaciĂł i combinar de forma Ăłptima usuaris d'alta i baixa mobilitat sobre el mateix accĂ©s rĂ dio, millorant encara mĂ©s l'eficiĂšncia espectral del sistema. En cas d'enllaços amb mĂșltiples antenes es proposa un nou esquema que combina la selecciĂł del conjunt optim d'antenes transmissores amb la selecciĂł de la codificaciĂł espai- (frequĂšncia-) temps. Finalment es donen una sĂšrie de recomanacions per tal de combinar totes dues lĂ­nies d'investigaciĂł, aixĂ­ con un estat de l'art de les tĂšcniques proposades per altres autors que combinen en part la gestiĂł dels recursos rĂ dio i els esquemes de transmissiĂł amb mĂșltiples antenes.Uno de los aspectos claves en el diseño y gestiĂłn de las redes inalĂĄmbricas de banda ancha es el uso eficiente de los recursos radio. Desde el punto de vista del operador, el ancho de banda es un bien escaso y valioso que se debe explotar y gestionar de la forma mĂĄs eficiente posible sin afectar a la calidad del servicio ofrecido. Por otro lado, desde el punto de vista del usuario, la calidad del servicio ha de ser comparable al ofrecido por las redes fijas, requiriendo asĂ­ un bajo retardo y una baja tasa de perdida de paquetes para cada uno de los flujos de datos entre la red y el usuario. Durante los Ășltimos años el nĂșmero de tĂ©cnicas y algoritmos que tratan de incrementar la eficiencia espectral en dichas redes es bastante amplio. Entre estas tĂ©cnicas destaca el uso de mĂșltiples antenas en el transmisor y en el receptor con el objetivo de poder transmitir simultĂĄneamente diferentes flujos de datos sin necesidad de incrementar el ancho de banda. Por otro lado, la optimizaciĂłn conjunta de la capa de acceso al medio y la capa fĂ­sica (utilizando informaciĂłn de estado del canal para gestionar de manera Ăłptima los recursos) tambiĂ©n permite incrementar sensiblemente la eficiencia espectral del sistema.El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio y desarrollo de nuevas tĂ©cnicas de adaptaciĂłn del enlace y la gestiĂłn de los recursos radio, y su posterior aplicaciĂłn sobre los sistemas de acceso radio de prĂłxima generaciĂłn (Beyond 3G). Los estudios realizados parten de la premisa de que el transmisor conoce (parcialmente) el estado del canal a la vez que se considera que la transmisiĂłn se realiza sobre un sistema de transmisiĂłn multiportadora con mĂșltiple antenas en el transmisor y el receptor. La tesis se centra sobre dos lĂ­neas de investigaciĂłn, la primera para casos de una Ășnica antena en cada lado del enlace, y la segunda en caso de mĂșltiples antenas en cada lado. Para el caso de una Ășnica antena en el transmisor y en el receptor, se ha desarrollado un nuevo esquema de asignaciĂłn de los recursos radio asĂ­ como de priorizaciĂłn de los paquetes de datos (scheduling) integrando ambas funciones sobre una misma entidad (cross-layer). El esquema propuesto tiene como principal caracterĂ­stica su bajo coste computacional a la vez que se puede aplicar en caso de transmisiones multimedia. Posteriores mejoras realizadas por el autor sobre el esquema propuesto han permitido tambiĂ©n reducir los requisitos de señalizaciĂłn asĂ­ como combinar de forma Ăłptima usuarios de alta y baja movilidad. Por otro lado, en caso de enlaces con mĂșltiples antenas en transmisiĂłn y recepciĂłn, se presenta un nuevo esquema de adaptaciĂłn en el cual se combina la selecciĂłn de la(s) antena(s) transmisora(s) con la selecciĂłn del esquema de codificaciĂłn espacio-(frecuencia-) tiempo. Para finalizar, se dan una serie de recomendaciones con el objetivo de combinar ambas lĂ­neas de investigaciĂłn, asĂ­ como un estado del arte de las tĂ©cnicas propuestas por otros autores que combinan en parte la gestiĂłn de los recursos radio y los esquemas de transmisiĂłn con mĂșltiples antenas.In Broadband Wireless Access systems the efficient use of the resources is crucial from many points of views. From the operator point of view, the bandwidth is a scarce, valuable, and expensive resource which must be exploited in an efficient manner while the Quality of Service (QoS) provided to the users is guaranteed. On the other hand, a tight delay and link quality constraints are imposed on each data flow hence the user experiences the same quality as in fixed networks. During the last few years many techniques have been developed in order to increase the spectral efficiency and the throughput. Among them, the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver (exploiting spatial multiplexing) with the joint optimization of the medium access control layer and the physical layer parameters.In this Ph.D. thesis, different adaptive techniques for B3G multicarrier wireless systems are developed and proposed focusing on the SS-MC-MA and the OFDM(A) (IEEE 802.16a/e/m standards) communication schemes. The research lines emphasize into the adaptation of the transmission having (Partial) knowledge of the Channel State Information for both; single antenna and multiple antenna links. For single antenna links, the implementation of a joint resource allocation and scheduling strategy by including adaptive modulation and coding is investigated. A low complexity resource allocation and scheduling algorithm is proposed with the objective to cope with real- and/or non-real- time requirements and constraints. A special attention is also devoted in reducing the required signalling. However, for multiple antenna links, the performance of a proposed adaptive transmit antenna selection scheme jointly with space-time block coding selection is investigated and compared with conventional structures. In this research line, mainly two optimizations criteria are proposed for spatial link adaptation, one based on the minimum error rate for fixed throughput, and the second focused on the maximisation of the rate for fixed error rate. Finally, some indications are given on how to include the spatial adaptation into the investigated and proposed resource allocation and scheduling process developed for single antenna transmission
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