631 research outputs found

    Decentralized Greedy-Based Algorithm for Smart Energy Management in Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Distribution Systems

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    Variations in electricity tariffs arising due to stochastic demand loads on the power grids have stimulated research in finding optimal charging/discharging scheduling solutions for electric vehicles (EVs). Most of the current EV scheduling solutions are either centralized, which suffer from low reliability and high complexity, while existing decentralized solutions do not facilitate the efficient scheduling of on-move EVs in large-scale networks considering a smart energy distribution system. Motivated by smart cities applications, we consider in this paper the optimal scheduling of EVs in a geographically large-scale smart energy distribution system where EVs have the flexibility of charging/discharging at spatially-deployed smart charging stations (CSs) operated by individual aggregators. In such a scenario, we define the social welfare maximization problem as the total profit of both supply and demand sides in the form of a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model. Due to the intractability, we then propose an online decentralized algorithm with low complexity which utilizes effective heuristics to forward each EV to the most profitable CS in a smart manner. Results of simulations on the IEEE 37 bus distribution network verify that the proposed algorithm improves the social welfare by about 30% on average with respect to an alternative scheduling strategy under the equal participation of EVs in charging and discharging operations. Considering the best-case performance where only EV profit maximization is concerned, our solution also achieves upto 20% improvement in flatting the final electricity load. Furthermore, the results reveal the existence of an optimal number of CSs and an optimal vehicle-to-grid penetration threshold for which the overall profit can be maximized. Our findings serve as guidelines for V2G system designers in smart city scenarios to plan a cost-effective strategy for large-scale EVs distributed energy management

    Fog paradigm for local energy management systems

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    Cloud Computing infrastructures have been extensively deployed to support energy computation within built environments. This has ranged from predicting potential energy demand for a building (or a group of buildings), undertaking heat profile/energy distribution simulations, to understanding the impact of climate and weather on building operation. Cloud computing usage in these scenarios have benefited from resource elasticity, where the number and types of resources can change based on the complexity of the simulation being considered. While there are numerous advantages of using a cloud based energy management system, there are also significant limitations. For instance, many such systems assume that the data has been pre-staged at a cloud platform prior to simulation, and do not take account of data transfer times from the building to the simulation platform. The need for supporting computation at edge resources, which can be hosted within the building itself or shared within a building complex, has become important over recent year. Additionally, network connectivity between the sensing infrastructure within a built environment and a data centre where analysis is to be carried out can be intermittent or may fail. There is therefore also a need to better understand how computation/analysis can be carried out closer to the data capture site to complement analysis that would be undertaken at the data centre. We describe how the Fog computing paradigm can be used to support some of these requirements, extending the capability of a data centre to support energy simulation within built environments

    Secure data sharing and analysis in cloud-based energy management systems

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    Analysing data acquired from one or more buildings (through specialist sensors, energy generation capability such as PV panels or smart meters) via a cloud-based Local Energy Management System (LEMS) is increasingly gaining in popularity. In a LEMS, various smart devices within a building are monitored and/or controlled to either investigate energy usage trends within a building, or to investigate mechanisms to reduce total energy demand. However, whenever we are connecting externally monitored/controlled smart devices there are security and privacy concerns. We describe the architecture and components of a LEMS and provide a survey of security and privacy concerns associated with data acquisition and control within a LEMS. Our scenarios specifically focus on the integration of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Energy Storage Units (ESU) at the building premises, to identify how EVs/ESUs can be used to store energy and reduce the electricity costs of the building. We review security strategies and identify potential security attacks that could be carried out on such a system, while exploring vulnerable points in the system. Additionally, we will systematically categorize each vulnerability and look at potential attacks exploiting that vulnerability for LEMS. Finally, we will evaluate current counter measures used against these attacks and suggest possible mitigation strategies

    Mobile edge computing assisted green scheduling of on-move electric vehicles

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    Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been proposed as a promising solution, which enables the content processing at the edges of the network helping to significantly improve the quality of experience (QoE) of end users. In this article, we aim to utilize the MEC facilities integrated with time-varying renewable energy resources for charging/discharging scheduling known as green scheduling of on-move electric vehicles (EVs) in a geographical wide area comprising of multiple charging stations (CSs). In the proposed system, the charging/discharging demands and the contextual information of EVs are first transmitted to nearby edge servers. With instantaneous electricity load/pricing and the availability of renewable energy at nearby CSs collected by aggregators, a weighted social-welfare maximization problem is then solved at the edges using greedy-based algorithms to choose the best CS for the EV’s service. From the system point of view, our results reveal that compared to cloud-based scheme, the proposed MEC-assisted EVs scheduling system significantly improves the complexity burden, boosts the satisfaction (QoE) of EVs’ drivers by localizing the traffic at nearby CSs, and further helps to efficiently utilize the renewable energy across CSs. Furthermore, our greedy-based algorithm, which utilizes the internal updating heuristics, outperforms some baseline solutions in terms of social welfare and power grid ancillary services

    Scalable local energy management systems

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    Commercial buildings have been identified as a major contributor of total global energy consumption. Mechanisms for collecting data about energy consumption patterns within buildings, and their subsequent analysis to support demand estimation (and reduction) remain important research challenges, which have already attracted considerable work. We propose a cloud based energy management system that enables such analysis to scale to both increasing data volumes and number of buildings. We consider both energy consumption and storage to support: (i) flattening the peak demand of commercial building(s); (ii) enable a “cost reduction” mode where the demand of a commercial building is reduced for those hours when a “triad peak” is expected; and (iii) enables a building manager to participate in grid balancing services market by means of demand response. The energy management system is deployed on a cloud infrastructure that adapts the number of computational resources needed to estimate potential demand, and to adaptively run multiple what-if scenarios to choose the most optimum configuration to reduce building energy demand

    A Survey Paper on Optimization Based SDN Powered by Fog Computing

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    The demand of cloud computing is increasing day by day due to their wide range of applications. But cloud computing suffered from various demerits like lack of mobility, unreliable latency, and position awareness. These drawbacks are overcome by the fog computing or edge computing which providing elasticity to the resources and reliability to the latency. In this paper we are studied various researches related to the cloud computing and fog computing for different applications. Several challenges are also discussed while implementing edge computing to the network. The chances provided by the fog computing system also elaborated for the future work. Different applications are discussed with their advantages and outcomes of fog computing system. The real time applications like IIOT fog computing provided better computational time. All the characteristics and key features of fog computing are discussed in this work. We get an idea of using fog computing with optimization algorithm for our IIOT applications
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