1,451 research outputs found

    Development of a multi-energy residential service demand model for evaluation of prosumers’ effects on current and future residential load profiles for heat and electricity

    Get PDF
    The motivation of this thesis is to develop a multi-energy residential service demand (MESD) model. The approach is based on earlier modelling concepts. Electricity is simu- lated by the help of a first-order Markov-chain approach simulating pseudorandom solar irradiation data as well as occupancy patterns, which are matched to stochastically deter- mined electric appliance activities (McKenna et al., 2015; Richardson & Thomson, 2012). A lumped-parameter model simulating indoor temperatures is utilized to estimate space heating (SH) demand (Nielsen, 2005). Measurement data on domestic hot water (DHW) consumption in dwellings is analysed in order to implement a DHW model. The model generates output in 1-minute resolution. It features various possibilities of dwelling customization: Among others, number of residents, building physics, electric appliances and heating regime may be adjusted. An interface providing a link to the Cambridge Housing Model (DECC, 2012) is implemented, which supports automated re- trieval of relevant building parameters. Electricity and DHW demand values may also be extracted to be used for model calibration. The added value of this work is the implementation of a DHW model and the combination of above named approaches to an integrated multi-energy service demand model. The electricity model is enhanced by improving the calibration mechanism and increasing electric appliance variety. The SH model is extended by random heating regime genera- tion based on field data. The model features full year simulations incorporating seasonal effects on DHW and SH demand. In addition, seven representative archetypes have been developed, which allow for detailed investigation of load profiles for heat and electricity of representative UK dwellings. The model has a wide scope of application. It can be used to explore the impact of differ- ent dwelling configurations on load matching and grid interaction throughout the seasons. Synthetic energy service demand profiles may support research on the optimal configura- tion of on-site supply appliances such as mCHP, PV and heat pumps. Furthermore, the model allows for drawing conclusions on the net carbon emissions of a dwelling and for assessing energy-efficiency measures

    You are what you measure! But are we measuring it right? An empiric analysis of energy access metrics based on a multi-tier approach in Bangladesh

    Get PDF
    Measuring energy access through binary indicators is insufficient, and often, even misleading. In this work, the SE4ALL global tracking framework, and the recently introduced ESMAP multi-tier approach, is critically discussed analyzing questionnaire based primary data from rural Bangladesh. The performance of different energy interventions is evaluated using the new tier framework. The challenges in its application lie in reliable data collection, adequate gradation of indicators, and an effective algorithm for the tier assignment based on the specified set of attributes. The study showcases very high sensitivities to parameter changes, different algorithms, and data requirements. The results reveal a clear trade-off between capturing the multi-dimensionality of energy access and the simplicity of an easy to use global framework. Suggestions to improve the measuring approach are made and conclusions are drawn for possible implications of the tier framework for different energy service offers in the market. Strengths and weaknesses of the present measurement scheme are discussed and country specific results interpreted through targeted gap analysis for future policy advice

    Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things in a “smart home” context:A Distributed System Architecture

    Get PDF

    Energy Technology and Management

    Get PDF
    The civilization of present age is predominantly dependent on energy resources and their utilization. Almost every human activity in today's life needs one or other form of energy. As world's energy resources are not unlimited, it is extremely important to use energy efficiently. Both energy related technological issues and policy and planning paradigms are highly needed to effectively exploit and utilize energy resources. This book covers topics, ranging from technology to policy, relevant to efficient energy utilization. Those academic and practitioners who have background knowledge of energy issues can take benefit from this book

    Low complexity in-loop perceptual video coding

    Get PDF
    The tradition of broadcast video is today complemented with user generated content, as portable devices support video coding. Similarly, computing is becoming ubiquitous, where Internet of Things (IoT) incorporate heterogeneous networks to communicate with personal and/or infrastructure devices. Irrespective, the emphasises is on bandwidth and processor efficiencies, meaning increasing the signalling options in video encoding. Consequently, assessment for pixel differences applies uniform cost to be processor efficient, in contrast the Human Visual System (HVS) has non-uniform sensitivity based upon lighting, edges and textures. Existing perceptual assessments, are natively incompatible and processor demanding, making perceptual video coding (PVC) unsuitable for these environments. This research allows existing perceptual assessment at the native level using low complexity techniques, before producing new pixel-base image quality assessments (IQAs). To manage these IQAs a framework was developed and implemented in the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) encoder. This resulted in bit-redistribution, where greater bits and smaller partitioning were allocated to perceptually significant regions. Using a HEVC optimised processor the timing increase was < +4% and < +6% for video streaming and recording applications respectively, 1/3 of an existing low complexity PVC solution. Future work should be directed towards perceptual quantisation which offers the potential for perceptual coding gain

    Energy-Use Feedback Engineering - Technology and Information Design for Residential Users

    Get PDF
    The research presented in this study covers a first design iteration of energy feedback for residential users. This research contributes with a framework and new insights into the study of energy-use information for residential users, which exemplifies the challenges and potential of integrating information technology in this part of the energy system

    Ubiquitous Scalable Graphics: An End-to-End Framework using Wavelets

    Get PDF
    Advances in ubiquitous displays and wireless communications have fueled the emergence of exciting mobile graphics applications including 3D virtual product catalogs, 3D maps, security monitoring systems and mobile games. Current trends that use cameras to capture geometry, material reflectance and other graphics elements means that very high resolution inputs is accessible to render extremely photorealistic scenes. However, captured graphics content can be many gigabytes in size, and must be simplified before they can be used on small mobile devices, which have limited resources, such as memory, screen size and battery energy. Scaling and converting graphics content to a suitable rendering format involves running several software tools, and selecting the best resolution for target mobile device is often done by trial and error, which all takes time. Wireless errors can also affect transmitted content and aggressive compression is needed for low-bandwidth wireless networks. Most rendering algorithms are currently optimized for visual realism and speed, but are not resource or energy efficient on mobile device. This dissertation focuses on the improvement of rendering performance by reducing the impacts of these problems with UbiWave, an end-to-end Framework to enable real time mobile access to high resolution graphics using wavelets. The framework tackles the issues including simplification, transmission, and resource efficient rendering of graphics content on mobile device based on wavelets by utilizing 1) a Perceptual Error Metric (PoI) for automatically computing the best resolution of graphics content for a given mobile display to eliminate guesswork and save resources, 2) Unequal Error Protection (UEP) to improve the resilience to wireless errors, 3) an Energy-efficient Adaptive Real-time Rendering (EARR) heuristic to balance energy consumption, rendering speed and image quality and 4) an Energy-efficient Streaming Technique. The results facilitate a new class of mobile graphics application which can gracefully adapt the lowest acceptable rendering resolution to the wireless network conditions and the availability of resources and battery energy on mobile device adaptively

    Innovative Technologies and Services for Smart Cities

    Get PDF
    A smart city is a modern technology-driven urban area which uses sensing devices, information, and communication technology connected to the internet of things (IoTs) for the optimum and efficient utilization of infrastructures and services with the goal of improving the living conditions of citizens. Increasing populations, lower budgets, limited resources, and compatibility of the upgraded technologies are some of the few problems affecting the implementation of smart cities. Hence, there is continuous advancement regarding technologies for the implementation of smart cities. The aim of this Special Issue is to report on the design and development of integrated/smart sensors, a universal interfacing platform, along with the IoT framework, extending it to next-generation communication networks for monitoring parameters of interest with the goal of achieving smart cities. The proposed universal interfacing platform with the IoT framework will solve many challenging issues and significantly boost the growth of IoT-related applications, not just in the environmental monitoring domain but in the other key areas, such as smart home, assistive technology for the elderly care, smart city with smart waste management, smart E-metering, smart water supply, intelligent traffic control, smart grid, remote healthcare applications, etc., signifying benefits for all countries
    • …
    corecore