6,034 research outputs found
Food Physical Chemistry and Biophysical Chemistry
Food Physical Chemistry is considered to be a branch of Food Chemistry^1,2^ concerned with the study of both physical and chemical interactions in foods in terms of physical and chemical principles applied to food systems, as well as the applications of physical/chemical techniques and instrumentation for the study of foods^3,4,5,6^. This field encompasses the "physiochemical principles of the reactions and conversions that occur during the manufacture, handling, and storage of foods"^7^. Two rapidly growing, related areas are Food Biotechnology and Food Biophysical Chemistry. 

Categorical Ontology of Complex Systems, Meta-Systems and Theory of Levels: The Emergence of Life, Human Consciousness and Society
Single cell interactomics in simpler organisms, as well as somatic cell interactomics in multicellular organisms, involve biomolecular interactions in complex signalling pathways that were recently represented in modular terms by quantum automata with âreversible behaviorâ representing normal cell cycling and division. Other implications of such quantum automata, modular modeling of signaling pathways and cell differentiation during development are in the fields of neural plasticity and brain development leading to quantum-weave dynamic patterns and specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and the emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children. Cell interactomics is here represented for the first time as a mixture of âclassicalâ states that determine molecular dynamics subject to Boltzmann statistics and âsteady-stateâ, metabolic (multi-stable) manifolds, together with âconfigurationâ spaces of metastable quantum states emerging from complex quantum dynamics of interacting networks of biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids that are now collectively defined as quantum interactomics. On the other hand, the time dependent evolution over several generations of cancer cells --that are generally known to undergo frequent and extensive genetic mutations and, indeed, suffer genomic transformations at the chromosome level (such as extensive chromosomal aberrations found in many colon cancers)-- cannot be correctly represented in the âstandardâ terms of quantum automaton modules, as the normal somatic cells can. This significant difference at the cancer cell genomic level is therefore reflected in major changes in cancer cell interactomics often from one cancer cell âcycleâ to the next, and thus it requires substantial changes in the modeling strategies, mathematical tools and experimental designs aimed at understanding cancer mechanisms. Novel solutions to this important problem in carcinogenesis are proposed and experimental validation procedures are suggested. From a medical research and clinical standpoint, this approach has important consequences for addressing and preventing the development of cancer resistance to medical therapy in ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patients, as well as improving the designs of future clinical trials for cancer treatments.\ud
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KEYWORDS: Emergence of Life and Human Consciousness;\ud
Proteomics; Artificial Intelligence; Complex Systems Dynamics; Quantum Automata models and Quantum Interactomics; quantum-weave dynamic patterns underlying human consciousness; specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and human consciousness; emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children; Cancer cell âcyclingâ; interacting networks of proteins and nucleic acids; genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations in cancers, such as colon cancer; development of cancer resistance to therapy; ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patientsâ possible improvements of the designs for future clinical trials and cancer treatments. \ud
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Directed abelian algebras and their applications to stochastic models
To each directed acyclic graph (this includes some D-dimensional lattices)
one can associate some abelian algebras that we call directed abelian algebras
(DAA). On each site of the graph one attaches a generator of the algebra. These
algebras depend on several parameters and are semisimple. Using any DAA one can
define a family of Hamiltonians which give the continuous time evolution of a
stochastic process. The calculation of the spectra and ground state
wavefunctions (stationary states probability distributions) is an easy
algebraic exercise. If one considers D-dimensional lattices and choose
Hamiltonians linear in the generators, in the finite-size scaling the
Hamiltonian spectrum is gapless with a critical dynamic exponent . One
possible application of the DAA is to sandpile models. In the paper we present
this application considering one and two dimensional lattices. In the one
dimensional case, when the DAA conserves the number of particles, the
avalanches belong to the random walker universality class (critical exponent
). We study the local densityof particles inside large
avalanches showing a depletion of particles at the source of the avalanche and
an enrichment at its end. In two dimensions we did extensive Monte-Carlo
simulations and found .Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Nonlinear Models of Neural and Genetic Network Dynamics:\ud \ud Natural Transformations of Ćukasiewicz Logic LM-Algebras in a Ćukasiewicz-Topos as Representations of Neural Network Development and Neoplastic Transformations \ud
A categorical and Ćukasiewicz-Topos framework for Algebraic Logic models of nonlinear dynamics in complex functional systems such as Neural Networks, Cell Genome and Interactome Networks is introduced. Ćukasiewicz Algebraic Logic models of both neural and genetic networks and signaling pathways in cells are formulated in terms of nonlinear dynamic systems with n-state components that allow for the generalization of previous logical models of both genetic activities and neural networks. An algebraic formulation of variable next-state/transfer functions is extended to a Ćukasiewicz Topos with an N-valued Ćukasiewicz Algebraic Logic subobject classifier description that represents non-random and nonlinear network activities as well as their transformations in developmental processes and carcinogenesis.\u
Clifford Algebraic Remark on the Mandelbrot Set of Two--Component Number Systems
We investigate with the help of Clifford algebraic methods the Mandelbrot set
over arbitrary two-component number systems. The complex numbers are regarded
as operator spinors in D\times spin(2) resp. spin(2). The thereby induced
(pseudo) normforms and traces are not the usual ones. A multi quadratic set is
obtained in the hyperbolic case contrary to [1]. In the hyperbolic case a
breakdown of this simple dynamics takes place.Comment: LaTeX, 27 pages, 6 fig. with psfig include
The Yangian of sl(n|m) and the universal R-matrix
In this paper we study Yangians of sl(n|m) superalgebras. We derive the
universal R-matrix and evaluate it on the fundamental representation obtaining
the standard Yang R-matrix with unitary dressing factors. For m=0, we directly
recover up to a CDD factor the well-known S-matrices for relativistic
integrable models with su(N) symmetry. Hence, the universal R-matrix found
provides an abstract plug-in formula, which leads to results obeying
fundamental physical constraints: crossing symmetry, unitrarity and the
Yang-Baxter equation. This implies that the Yangian double unifies all desired
symmetries into one algebraic structure. In particular, our analysis is valid
in the case of sl(n|n), where one has to extend the algebra by an additional
generator leading to the algebra gl(n|n). We find two-parameter families of
scalar factors in this case and provide a detailed study for gl(1|1).Comment: 24 pages, 2 figure
On the Hopf algebra structure of the AdS/CFT S-matrix
We formulate the Hopf algebra underlying the su(2|2) worldsheet S-matrix of
the AdS_5 x S^5 string in the AdS/CFT correspondence. For this we extend the
previous construction in the su(1|2) subsector due to Janik to the full algebra
by specifying the action of the coproduct and the antipode on the remaining
generators. The nontriviality of the coproduct is determined by length-changing
effects and results in an unusual central braiding. As an application we
explicitly determine the antiparticle representation by means of the
established antipode.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, minor changes, typos corrected, comments and
references added, v3: three references adde
Quantum-to-Classical Correspondence and Hubbard-Stratonovich Dynamical Systems, a Lie-Algebraic Approach
We propose a Lie-algebraic duality approach to analyze non-equilibrium
evolution of closed dynamical systems and thermodynamics of interacting quantum
lattice models (formulated in terms of Hubbard-Stratonovich dynamical systems).
The first part of the paper utilizes a geometric Hilbert-space-invariant
formulation of unitary time-evolution, where a quantum Hamiltonian is viewed as
a trajectory in an abstract Lie algebra, while the sought-after evolution
operator is a trajectory in a dynamic group, generated by the algebra via
exponentiation. The evolution operator is uniquely determined by the
time-dependent dual generators that satisfy a system of differential equations,
dubbed here dual Schrodinger-Bloch equations, which represent a viable
alternative to the conventional Schrodinger formulation. These dual
Schrodinger-Bloch equations are derived and analyzed on a number of specific
examples. It is shown that deterministic dynamics of a closed classical
dynamical system occurs as action of a symmetry group on a classical manifold
and is driven by the same dual generators as in the corresponding quantum
problem. This represents quantum-to-classical correspondence. In the second
part of the paper, we further extend the Lie algebraic approach to a wide class
of interacting many-particle lattice models. A generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich
transform is proposed and it is used to show that the thermodynamic partition
function of a generic many-body quantum lattice model can be expressed in terms
of traces of single-particle evolution operators governed by the dynamic
Hubbard-Stratonovich fields. Finally, we derive Hubbard-Stratonovich dynamical
systems for the Bose-Hubbard model and a quantum spin model and use the
Lie-algebraic approach to obtain new non-perturbative dual descriptions of
these theories.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure; v2: citations adde
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