124,789 research outputs found
A novel incentive-based demand response model for Cournot competition in electricity markets
This paper presents an analysis of competition between generators when
incentive-based demand response is employed in an electricity market. Thermal
and hydropower generation are considered in the model. A smooth inverse demand
function is designed using a sigmoid and two linear functions for modeling the
consumer preferences under incentive-based demand response program. Generators
compete to sell energy bilaterally to consumers and system operator provides
transmission and arbitrage services. The profit of each agent is posed as an
optimization problem, then the competition result is found by solving
simultaneously Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions for all generators. A Nash-Cournot
equilibrium is found when the system operates normally and at peak demand times
when DR is required. Under this model, results show that DR diminishes the
energy consumption at peak periods, shifts the power requirement to off-peak
times and improves the net consumer surplus due to incentives received for
participating in DR program. However, the generators decrease their profit due
to the reduction of traded energy and market prices
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Multiobjective optimization as a decision aid for managing build-to-order supply chains
This paper provides an overview of multiobjective optimization (MOO) as a decision aid in
build-to-order supply chains (BTO-SC). The main features of BTO-SCs are discussed along
with capabilities of MOO to enhance decision making at different points along the chain.
Key decision points across a typical BTO-SC are identified and potential applications of
MOO are discussed. A sample application is presented and future avenues for further research
highlighted
Charge Scheduling of an Energy Storage System under Time-of-use Pricing and a Demand Charge
A real-coded genetic algorithm is used to schedule the charging of an energy
storage system (ESS), operated in tandem with renewable power by an electricity
consumer who is subject to time-of-use pricing and a demand charge. Simulations
based on load and generation profiles of typical residential customers show
that an ESS scheduled by our algorithm can reduce electricity costs by
approximately 17%, compared to a system without an ESS, and by 8% compared to a
scheduling algorithm based on net power.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, 5 table
The importance of information flows temporal attributes for the efficient scheduling of dynamic demand responsive transport services
The operation of a demand responsive transport service usually involves the management of dynamic requests. The underlying algorithms are mainly adaptations of procedures carefully designed to solve static versions of the problem, in which all the requests are known in advance. However there is no guarantee that the effectiveness of an algorithm stays unchanged when it is manipulated to work in a dynamic environment. On the other hand, the way the input is revealed to the algorithm has a decisive role on the schedule quality. We analyze three characteristics of the information flow (percentage of real-time requests, interval between call-in and requested pickup time and length of the computational cycle time), assessing their influence on the effectiveness of the scheduling proces
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CleanTX Analysis on the Smart Grid
The utility industry in the United States has an opportunity to revolutionize its electric grid system by utilizing emerging software, hardware and wireless technologies and renewable energy sources. As electricity generation in the U.S. increases by over 30% from todayâs generation of 4,100 Terawatt hours per year to a production of 5,400 Terawatt hours per year by 2030, a new type of grid is necessary to ensure reliable and quality power. The projected U.S. population increase and economic growth will require a grid that can transmit and distribute significantly more power than it does today. Known as a Smart Grid, this system enables two- way transmission of electrons and information to create a demand-response system that will optimize electricity delivery to consumers. This paper outlines the issues with the current grid infrastructure, discusses the economic advantages of the Smart Grid for both consumers and utilities, and examines the emerging technologies that will enable cleaner, more efficient and cost- effective power transmission and consumption.IC2 Institut
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Dynamic Pricing, Advanced Metering, and Demand Response in Electricity Markets
Presents an overview and analysis of the possible approaches to bringing an active demand side into electricity markets. Part of a series of research reports that examines energy issues facing California
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