Maximally Flexible Assignment of Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Codes for Multi-Rate Traffic

In universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) systems, orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes are used to support different transmission rates for different users. In this paper, we first define the flexibility index to measure the capability of an assignable code set in supporting multirate traffic classes. Based on this index, two single-code assignment schemes, nonrearrangeable and rearrangeable compact assignments, are proposed. Both schemes can offer maximal flexibility for the resulting code tree after each code assignment. We then present an analytical model and derive the call blocking probability, system throughput and fairness index. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed schemes are efficient, stable and fair

On the variable capacity property of CC/DS-CDMA systems

A complete complementary code based direct sequence code division multiple access (CC/DS-CDMA) system has been proposed recently as a potential candidate for beyond third generation (B3G) wireless communications. This paper addresses the issues that design of efficient code assignment schemes should be based on a flexible physical layer support, which is extremely important for emerging cross-layer designs in future wireless applications. The study in this paper considers a CC/DS-CDMA system with multiple time slots, three traffic classes and two dynamic code-flock assignment schemes, namely random assignment (RA) and compact assignment (CA). Simulation results show that the CC/DS-CDMA system has variable capacity property (VCP), which is sensitively affected by different code-flock assignment schemes. In general, CA can offer lower blocking probability, whereas RA can offer a larger mean system capacity and higher throughput when offered traffic is heavy

Composite CDMA - A statistical mechanics analysis

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in which the spreading code assignment to users contains a random element has recently become a cornerstone of CDMA research. The random element in the construction is particular attractive as it provides robustness and flexibility in utilising multi-access channels, whilst not making significant sacrifices in terms of transmission power. Random codes are generated from some ensemble, here we consider the possibility of combining two standard paradigms, sparsely and densely spread codes, in a single composite code ensemble. The composite code analysis includes a replica symmetric calculation of performance in the large system limit, and investigation of finite systems through a composite belief propagation algorithm. A variety of codes are examined with a focus on the high multi-access interference regime. In both the large size limit and finite systems we demonstrate scenarios in which the composite code has typical performance exceeding sparse and dense codes at equivalent signal to noise ratio.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, Sigma Phi 2008 conference submission - submitted to J.Stat.Mec

Performance Evaluation Of Combined Code-Space Division Multiple Access With Enhanced Parallel Interference Cancellation

To meet the ever growing need for wireless networks, several methods were adopted to increase the system capacity of wireless communication systems, such as Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). In this thesis, Combined Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) system have been investigated for capacity improvement. The analysis considered here is to evaluate the performance of combined Code-Space Division Multiple Access (C-SDMA) system. A single cell composed with one base station (BS) and N classes of users is considered. In heterogeneous environment each user class is supported by one of the different media with specific data rates and minimum required quality of service. In this thesis, the synchronous uplink channel transmission is investigated in order to detect the received signal (bits) in a combined C-SDMA system with perfect power control, with and without interference cancellation. Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) as a suboptimal multiuser detection (MUD) was employed after the matched filter (MF) receiver. The performance of the C-SDMA systems was evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and user capacity, considering all the transmitted bits from other interferer users. Additionally, some asymptotic behaviour of the combined system was analyzed at high and low signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR) for the desired user. Comparison between the pure CDMA and combined C-SDMA systems is done in terms of system performance with and without interference cancellation. By using limited number of available spreading codes, a novel code assignment algorithm is proposed to maintain the maximum orthogonality among users. These codes are stored in a central pool (BS) and maintained as follows. When a new user requests for a channel, the BS first checks the available signatures in terms of codes and Angle of Arrival (AoA); it then assigns the user with an already used code (used by other users) if they are spatially orthogonal to each other, otherwise an available new code will be assigned. If all codes are already utilized then the user will be blocked. Finally, the probability of blocking was evaluated in terms of various numbers of available codes. Matlab was used as the simulation software throughout this thesis. The results obtained showed that the combined C-SDMA system improve the performance by about 4 dB gain over the pure CDMA system at BER of 10-1. On the other hand the system gains 5 dB in the combined C-SDMA system with PIC receiver over the receiver without PIC at BER of 10-4. Hence, it is apparent that the combined C-SDMA system with PIC is able to accommodate more users than the other systems. Finally,the code assignment algorithm is able to further enhance the system capacity by utilizing the same resources compared to the fixed code assignment strategy. In this case, the probability of blocking can be decreased substantially by adding few numbers of additional spreading codes in the system

Multiple Access Trade Study

The Personal Access Satellite System (PASS) strawman design uses a hybrid Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)/Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) implementation. TDMA is used for the forward direction (from Suppliers to Users), and FDMA for the return direction (from Users to Suppliers). An alternative architecture is proposed that will require minimal real time coordination and yet provide a fast access method by using random access Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The CDMA system issues are addressed such as connecting suppliers and users, both of whom may be located anywhere in the CONUS, when the user terminals are constrained in size and weight; and providing efficient traffic routing under highly variable traffic requirements. It is assumed that bandwidth efficiency is not of paramount importance. CDMA or Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (SSMA) communication is a method in which a group of carriers operate at the same nominal center frequency but are separable from each other by the low cross correlation of the spreading codes used. Interference and multipath rejection capability, ease of selective addressing and message screening, low density power spectra for signal hiding and security, and high resolution ranging are among the benefits of spread spectrum communications