8,957 research outputs found
System Architecture Dynamics The case of Japanese Car Navigation Systems
This paper attempts to clarify how the integration of software and hardware is related to product systems and product development organization in the growing electronic equipment market in the IT age. As a framework for analyzing the effect of integration, we will examine the influence of software on product functions, product development organization and product innovation by introducing the concept of system architecture, which represents the nature of a system, and is defined as a combination of hardware and software. As a particular case, Japanese car navigation market is analyzed. Regarding system architecture, we discuss how both software and hardware have open architecture dynamics, how those dynamics have several trajectories, and have a major impact not only on cooperation between product development structure and external organization, but also on innovation.
Functional space-time properties of team synergies in high-performance football
This thesis aimed to investigate the performance of high-level teams in football, through the analysis of
the interactions of their players in the context of the game, as these interactions result in functional effects
that could not otherwise be achieved (synergies).
From a spatial point of view, we argue that the understanding of collective “payoffs” emerging from players’
interactions and their behavioural patterns, can be accomplished through ”Delaunay triangulations” and
consequent ”Voronoi diagrams”. Analysing the positional data (22 players and the ball) in 20 games of the
French premier league, in this thesis we essentially sought to focus on territorial dominance as a variable
that potentially captures the spatial affordances perceived by players. Whether from a collective global
point of view or from a perspective of the local interactions that arise in the game landscape.
Supported by the ecological dynamics and the synergism hypothesis, in this thesis we begin by demonstrating
the existing connection between the territorial dominance of a team and the offensive effectiveness,
as well as the absence of temporal overlap between the ball possession status and territorial dominance.
Similarly, we also demonstrated that the space dominance of each player, which contributes to the territorial
dominance of the team as a whole, is constrained by the team’s formation and the role assumed by each
player in this collective framework.
In order to understand the dynamics of interactions between players and the functional effects that come
from it, we then focus on two tasks that are related to collective performance: the pass and the shot.
Reflecting on the need to find methods that capture how the distribution of players on the pitch influences
the functional degrees of freedom of a team as a whole and the passing opportunities that emerge from it.
And, at the level of finishing situations, how the dominance of space can be included in the quantification
of the value that each player assigns to occupy a certain place in the game landscape, and which is at the
basis of their decision-making (shoot or pass the ball to another teammate possibly better ”positioned”).
In sum, through the initial conceptual framework and the applied studies, we argue that the analysis of
team performance should focus on the functional synergies that result from interactions between players.
In this way, we demonstrate, through some examples, how the methods and conclusions taken from this
thesis can be applied in practice by football coaches.Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a performance de equipas de alto nĂvel no futebol, atravĂ©s da análise das interações dos seus jogadores no contexto do jogo pois daĂ resultam efeitos funcionais que apenas sĂŁo atingidos atravĂ©s dessas mesmas interações (sinergias). De um ponto de vista espacial, defendemos que o estudo glocal das interações entre os jogadores para a compreensĂŁo do rendimento coletivo, pode ser realizado atravĂ©s de “triangulações de Delaunay” e consequentes “diagramas de Voronoi”. Analisando os dados posicionais dos 22 jogadores e da bola, em 20 jogos da primeira liga francesa, nesta tese procurámos essencialmente nos focar sobre o domĂnio territorial enquanto variável que capta potencialmente as affordances espaciais percebidas pelos jogadores. Seja de um ponto de vista global coletivo, seja numa perspetiva das interações locais que surgem na paisagem de jogo. Suportados pela dinâmica ecolĂłgica e pela hipĂłtese do sinergismo, nesta tese começamos por demonstrar a ligação existente entre o domĂnio territorial das equipas e a sua efetividade ofensiva, bem como a inexistĂŞncia de uma sobreposição temporal entre a posse de bola e esse domĂnio. De igual forma, tambĂ©m demonstrámos que o domĂnio do espaço de cada jogador, que contribui para o domĂnio territorial da equipa no seu todo, Ă© constrangido pelo sistema de jogo das equipas e pelo papel assumido por cada jogador neste referencial coletivo. No sentido de compreender a dinâmica das interações entre os jogadores e os efeitos funcionais que daĂ advĂŞm, focamo-nos seguidamente em duas tarefas que estĂŁo relacionadas com a performance coletiva: o passe e o remate. Refletindo sobre a necessidade de encontrar mĂ©todos que captem de que forma a distribuição dos jogadores em campo influencia os graus de liberdade funcionais de uma equipa no seu todo e as oportunidades de passe que daĂ emergem. E, ao nĂvel das situações de finalização, de que forma o domĂnio do espaço poderá ser incluĂdo na quantificação do valor que cada jogador atribui a ocupar um determinador espaço na paisagem de jogo e que está na base da sua tomada de decisĂŁo (rematar ou passar a bola para outro colega eventualmente melhor “posicionado”). Em suma, atravĂ©s do enquadramento conceptual inicial e dos estudos aplicados, defendemos que o estudo da performance das equipas deverá se centrar nas sinergias funcionais que resultam das interações entre os jogadores. Desta forma, demonstramos, atravĂ©s de alguns exemplos, como Ă© que os mĂ©todos e ilações retirados desta tese poderĂŁo ser aplicados na prática pelos treinadores de futebol
Regionalism in the new globalized economy : politics of scale and the discourse of regionalism--Comparative politics of two Japanese global city-regions.
This study examines the effects of globalization on state restructuring and the status of cities and local governments. I conduct a comparative case study of two Japanese world cities, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan. Existing globalization theories offer only partial explanations that fail to grasp the dynamic aspects of such rescaling. To explore the dynamics of government restructuring, this study investigates the relationship between decentralization, regionalization and globalization, highlighting the role of local leaders who employed political rhetoric in their efforts to rescale the city. This research finds that uneven economic effects of globalization are not the direct cause for the political actions of local leaders for government rescaling. Instead, local leaders pursued regionalism as political strategy, including to improve their ability to gain central government aid and to improve independent local economic viability, depending on the conditions of locally specific intergovernmental relations. Regionalism was a function of competition between city-regions over central government aid rather than globalization. The Japanese central government favored directly Tokyo as its strongest city-region for investment under globalization. In response, the leaders of the disadvantaged region Osaka sought decentralization for autonomy and regionalization for economic viability. The consequence is the combination of decentralization and regionalization under globalization. This process observed in Japan can provide insight as to the effects of globalization on government structure and the importance of local politics in the government rescaling. This theoretical approach to globalization and its effects on government does not contradict existing theories in the literature. Rather, this local strategic interactive approach supplements them by weaving them together. By introducing the strategic actions of local actors to the existing theories, it can reconcile competing theories, such as world cities thesis versus the nested scale theory and state globalization versus new localism
5G: 2020 and Beyond
The future society would be ushered in a new communication era with the emergence of 5G. 5G would be significantly different, especially, in terms of architecture and operation in comparison with the previous communication generations (4G, 3G...). This book discusses the various aspects of the architecture, operation, possible challenges, and mechanisms to overcome them. Further, it supports users? interac- tion through communication devices relying on Human Bond Communication and COmmunication-NAvigation- SENsing- SErvices (CONASENSE).Topics broadly covered in this book are; • Wireless Innovative System for Dynamically Operating Mega Communications (WISDOM)• Millimeter Waves and Spectrum Management• Cyber Security• Device to Device Communicatio
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