Probabilistic Models of Economic Dynamics with Endogenous Changes of Technology

We study economic dynamics models in which technological changes (the emergence of new technological modes) are related to the expenditures of resources taken from the sphere of material production. The production sphere is described by the dynamic model "input-output," which in turn is defined in terms of technological sets or production functions. New technologies arise from the sphere of "technological progress" (TP), described by a similar model. The instants at which new technologies emerge are taken to be random variables, whose characteristics depend upon the functioning of the TP sphere. So, we have the optimization problem of allocating resources between the production and the TP spheres and choosing the corresponding technological modes in the respective spheres. This approach was proposed in Arkin et al. (1976), in which a general scheme for describing economic dynamics models with endogenous TP was formulated in terms of the controlled random processes theory. Two models are considered in this paper. The first is a generalization of the classical Gale model where the probability of technological change at instant t is determined by "funds" accumulated up to that time in the TP sphere. The second model is the stochastic analog of the multisectoral macroeconomic model that was discussed in Zelikina (1977) for the case of continuous time. As in the first model, the production function change is random and is determined by TP funds. The main results discussed in this paper are a description of dual variables (stimulating prices) and the establishment of the related indicators of economic efficiency. In the system of obtained stimulating prices, the estimates of new technologies related to the stochastic nature of the models should be singled out. They have no deterministic analogs

Dynamic Pricing on Two-Sided Platforms: Consequences on Customers’ Fairness Perceptions and Purchase Intentions

Technological advancements simplify the application of dynamic pricing, i.e., the flexible and rapid adjustment of prices to changes in demand. Consequently, companies increasingly use dynamic pricing in their business models, although research reports negative consequences on customer fairness perceptions. This holds not only for one-sided businesses, but also for popular two-sided platforms. However, these platforms differ from one-sided businesses in that the total prices paid by customers consist of product prices and platform fees – and both price components can be dynamically adjusted. In an online experiment, we examine customers’ fairness perceptions and purchase intentions when product price and platform fee change dynamically. We find that dynamic price increases reduce fairness perceptions and purchase intentions, while the cause of the price increases is irrelevant to customers. These results indicate an imbalance in the risks and benefits of dynamic pricing between the pricing strategies of the platform and the provider

Integration of business and manufacturing processes through industrial machinery as a service approach

In manufacturing organizations is difficult to reach the requirements of the new business models (agile and dynamic adaptation to changes) due to technological and conceptual constraints between elements located at different levels of the organization, which prevents the integration of business and manufacturing processes. In this paper, a new industrial machinery model that achieves this integration has been proposed. This model, named IMaaS, shows the industrial machinery as a set of business processes, removing the conceptual constraints, and exposed as services, removing technology constraints.This work was supported in part by the Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, University of Alicante (Proyectos de investigación emergentes 2010: Sistema de gestión de procesos integral en entornos manufactureros. Aplicación a la fabricación ágil)

La formación de los bibliotecólogos y archivistas: aproximación a los modelos pedagógicos predominantes

This paper presents a theoretical and conceptual approach to the pedagogical models in higher education —models focused on teaching and learning and models focused on education— and points out the model of Technical Rationality as an ideal model to the curricular conditions of the careers reunited under the label of Documentation and Information Systems: Librarianship and Archivistics. The acknowledgment of the dynamic character of the technical rationality model allows the academic community to promote processes of reflection on curricular redesign and adaptability to the technical and technological changes that support professional work. In this context, the paper approaches the change and unification of criteria in the educative institutions responsible for the education of professionals of information and documentation. The objective is to consolidate a reflection on the pertinence of the above mentioned pedagogical currents for the education of librarians and archivists, as well as to perform an analysis of their professional profile according to contemporary theoretical conceptions based on pedagogical and epistemological considerations

Rewiring strategies for changing environments

A typical pervasive application executes in a changing environment: people, computing resources, software services and network connections come and go continuously. A robust pervasive application needs adapt to this changing context as long as there is an appropriate rewiring strategy that guarantees correct behavior. We combine the MERODE modeling methodology with the ReWiRe framework for creating interactive pervasive applications that can cope with changing environments. The core of our approach is a consistent environment model, which is essential to create (re)configurable context-aware pervasive applications. We aggregate different ontologies that provide the required semantics to describe almost any target environment. We present a case study that shows a interactive pervasive application for media access that incorporates parental control on media content and can migrate between devices. The application builds upon models of the run-time environment represented as system states for dedicated rewiring strategies