Disaster management in industrial areas: perspectives, challenges and future research

Purpose: In most countries, development, growth, and sustenance of industrial facilities are given utmost importance due to the influence in the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, special economic zones, or industrial areas or industrial cities are developed in order to provide the required services for the sustained operation of such facilities. Such facilities not only provide a prolonged economic support to the country but it also helps in the societal aspects as well by providing livelihood to thousands of people. Therefore, any disaster in any of the facilities in the industrial area will have a significant impact on the population, facilities, the economy, and threatens the sustainability of the operations. This paper provides review of such literature that focus on theory and practice of disaster management in industrial cities. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper, content analysis method is used in order to elicit the insights of the literature available. The methodology uses search methods, literature segregation and developing the current knowledge on different phases of industrial disaster management. Findings: It is found that the research is done in all phases of disaster management, namely, preventive phase, reactive phase and corrective phase. The research in each of these areas are focused on four main aspects, which are facilities, resources, support systems and modeling. Nevertheless, the research in the industrial cities is insignificant. Moreover, the modeling part does not explicitly consider the nature of industrial cities, where many of the chemical and chemical processing can be highly flammable thus creating a very large disaster impact. Some research is focused at an individual plant and scaled up to the industrial cities. The modeling part is weak in terms of comprehensively analyzing and assisting disaster management in the industrial cities. Originality/value: The comprehensive review using content analysis on disaster management is presented here. The review helps the researchers to understand the gap in the literature in order to extend further research for disaster management in large scale industrial cities.Peer Reviewe

Disaster management in industrial areas: Perspectives, challenges and future research

Purpose: In most countries, development, growth, and sustenance of industrial facilities are given utmost importance due to the influence in the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, special economic zones, or industrial areas or industrial cities are developed in order to provide the required services for the sustained operation of such facilities. Such facilities not only provide a prolonged economic support to the country but it also helps in the societal aspects as well by providing livelihood to thousands of people. Therefore, any disaster in any of the facilities in the industrial area will have a significant impact on the population, facilities, the economy, and threatens the sustainability of the operations. This paper provides review of such literature that focus on theory and practice of disaster management in industrial cities. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper, content analysis method is used in order to elicit the insights of the literature available. The methodology uses search methods, literature segregation and developing the current knowledge on different phases of industrial disaster management. Findings: It is found that the research is done in all phases of disaster management, namely, preventive phase, reactive phase and corrective phase. The research in each of these areas are focused on four main aspects, which are facilities, resources, support systems and modeling. Nevertheless, the research in the industrial cities is insignificant. Moreover, the modeling part does not explicitly consider the nature of industrial cities, where many of the chemical and chemical processing can be highly flammable thus creating a very large disaster impact. Some research is focused at an individual plant and scaled up to the industrial cities. The modeling part is weak in terms of comprehensively analyzing and assisting disaster management in the industrial cities. Originality/value: The comprehensive review using content analysis on disaster management is presented here. The review helps the researchers to understand the gap in the literature in order to extend further research for disaster management in large scale industrial cities.Scopu

Digital Twin Concept for Risk Analysis of Oil Storage Tanks in Operations: a Systems Engineering Approach

This paper presents an approach to develop a risk monitoring tool for oil storage facilities. The suggested approach is derived from the existing dynamic risk analysis (DRA) methods and the digital twin concepts. One of the main challenges in practical applications of DRA methods is insufficient amount of relevant data, and it seems that digital twin models can overcome this challenge by offering increased availability of real-time data. It can be interesting to judge if their combination can provide the intended advantages with a structured and more holistic viewpoint. Therefore, this paper demonstrates how a representative systems engineering (SE) methodology may be used to facilitate the process of developing an improved risk monitoring tool.publishedVersio

Technology transfer: Transportation

The application of NASA derived technology in solving problems related to highways, railroads, and other rapid systems is described. Additional areas/are identified where space technology may be utilized to meet requirements related to waterways, law enforcement agencies, and the trucking and recreational vehicle industries

산사태, 홍수 및 관련 복합재해 피해 예방을 위한 통합적 리스크 관리 체계

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :환경대학원 협동과정 조경학,2019. 8. 이동근.In recent years, it has been reported that climate change is leading to increased damage and losses caused by natural hazards. Moreover, reports of compound disasters caused by multiple hazards in extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. Efforts have been made to improve risk management for natural hazards; however, there has been little discussion about providing an integrated framework supported by technical tools to establish an efficient and effective management plan based on quantitative analyses. Meanwhile, risk management tools and frameworks have been developed intensively in the industrial sector for decades. Applying risk management practices proven in the industrial sector can assist in systematic hazard identification and quantitative risk analysis for natural hazards, thereby potentially helping to reduce unwanted losses and to promote interactive risk communication. The objective of this study is to introduce methods of studying risk commonly used in the process industry, and to suggest how such methods can be applied to manage natural disasters, providing an integrated risk management framework. In particular, the hazard and operability (HAZOP), safety integrated level (SIL), and quantitative risk assessment (QRA) methods were investigated for the parts of the risk management process, which are risk identification, risk analysis, risk treatment, risk evaluation, and risk acceptance, as these methods are used to conduct key risk studies in industry. Herein, a literature review regarding those key risk studies and their application in various fields is briefly presented, together with an overview of risk management for natural hazards and multi-hazard risks. Next, common ways of implementing these risk studies for managing natural hazards are presented, with a focus on methodological considerations. First, a case study is presented in which HAZOP is applied to identify climate-related natural hazards in an organization using a worksheet that lists and evaluates natural hazards. Second, a study applying SIL is presented, in which the probability of landslide and rockfall occurrence is estimated based on the concept of reliability, indicating how probability values can be used for landslide risk management. In the third part, a simplified QRA for landslide hazard is exemplified through the case of site planning for a resort facility on a mountain hill, with the purpose of illustrating how stakeholders can make decisions on spatial planning regarding risk acceptance. In addition, this part presents the result of impact assessments conducted using physically-based models for cases involving multiple hazards, such as a post-wildfire landslide and complex flooding resulting from dam collapse. The technical approaches used in this study—systematic hazard identification, time-dependent reliability, and quantitative risk assessment for single or compound disasters using physically-based models—provide the methods to resolve the difficulty of establishing tools for managing the risk from natural hazards. The analysis presented in this study also provides a useful framework for improving the risk management of natural hazards through establishing a more systematic context and facilitating risk communication between decision-makers and the public.기후변화에 의한 자연재해는 최근 증가하는 추세이며, 폭우 등 극한 기상 현상에 의한 복합재해 피해 역시 증가하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그간 자연 위해 요소로부터 기인하는 리스크 관리를 개선하기 위한 노력은 있어왔으나, 통합체계 구축에 대한 논의는 부족한 편이였다. 또한 정량적 리스크 분석에 기반한 효율적 관리 체계 확립에 있어서도 리스크 평가를 위한 적정 기술 제공에 어려움이 있었다. 한편, 재해로 인한 손실 예방 및 저감을 위한 통합적 위험 관리 체계는 수십 년간 산업 부문에서 집중적으로 개발되었다. 자연재해 위험 관리를 위하여 이와 같은 체계적인 분석 방법과 검증된 운영 방식을 채택한다면, 이상 기후 노출로 인해 반복되는 인명 및 자산 손실을 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구의 목적은 석유화학 업종에서 사용되는 위험 관리 방법에 대하여 분석하고 자연재해 사례에 적용하여 통합적 위험 관리 체계를 수립하는데 있다. 특히, 리스크 관련 스터디 중 주요하게 실행되는 위험 및 작동성 평가 (The Hazard and Operability –HAZOP), 안전 통합 수준 분석 (Safety Integrated Level – SIL), 정량적 위험 평가 (Quantitative Risk Assessment – QRA) 에 대하여 자세히 알아보고, 이 방법들이 리스크의 확인, 분석, 저감, 평가, 수용으로 이어지는 자연재해 리스크 관리 전반에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 위에서 언급한 세가지 주요 리스크 스터디들에 대한 문헌 조사 내용을 소개하고, 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있는 현황에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 기존의 자연재해 리스크 관리 방법들에 대하여 조사하고, 다중 위험 요소에 의한 복합재해 유형을 소개하였다. 다음으로, 이 리스크 스터디들이 실행되는 일반적 방법들에 대하여 알아보고, 자연재해 리스크 관리 분야에 적용되기 위한 방안들에 대하여 논의하였다. 첫번째 결과는 기후 관련 자연재해의 위험 요인을 식별하기 위한 HAZOP 스터디 사례이며, 워크시트 형태로 한 기관 내에 발생 할 수 있는 자연 위해 요소들을 분석하였다. 두번째 부분은 산사태와 낙석 발생의 확률을 추정하기 위하여 신뢰도 개념에 근거한 SIL 스터디를 적용한 사례 연구이며, 산정된 확률 지표를 사용하여 효율적으로 산사태 위험을 관리하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 셋째로, 산사태 위험을 정량적으로 분석하기위한 QRA 사례 연구를 진행하였으며, 산악 지역 펜션 리조트의 부지 선정 과정에서 노출될 수 있는 산사태 위험을 평가하고 수용하는 방법에 대하여 계획의 관점에서 알아보았다. 아울러, 이 결과 부분에서는 산불 후 산사태와 호우 시 댐 붕괴로 인한 홍수, 두가지 복합재해 사례에 대하여 알아보고 물리식 기반 모델을 사용한 영향 평가 방법에 대하여 논의 하였다. 이 논문에서 제시된 기술적 접근법인 체계적 위험성 식별, 시간에 따른 신뢰성 분석, 정량적 위험성 평가, 물리 모델에 기반한 복합재해 영향 평가는 자연재해 리스크 관리를 위한 방안들로 활용 될 수 있으며, 기술적 어려움을 해결하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 이 논문의 연구 결과는 의사 결정자와 대중 간의 리스크 관련 의사 소통을 원활히 하고 체계적 관리 방안을 수립함으로써 자연재해 리스크 관리를 향상시키는데 유용한 통합 체계를 제공할 것이다.Table of Contents 1. Introduction １ 1.1 Study background and objective １ 1.2 Study scope ８ 2. Theoretical paradigm and literature review １２ 2.1 Natural hazard management and communication １２ 2.1.1 The status of natural disaster occurrence １２ 2.1.2 Risk management for natural hazard １５ 2.1.3 Communication on risk information １８ 2.2 Industrial risk management practices ２０ 2.2.1 Risk identification ２０ 2.2.2 Risk analysis and treatment ２３ 2.2.3 Risk evaluation and acceptance ２５ 2.3 Type and impact of multi-hazard risk ２７ 2.4 Comparison of risk assessment methodologies ３２ 3. Risk identification for climate change issues ３５ 3.1 Method for risk identification ３５ 3.2 Result of risk identification ４０ 3.2.1 Climate change risk identification ４０ 3.3 Discussion on risk identification ４２ 4. Risk analysis and treatment for natural hazards ４５ 4.1 Method for risk analysis and treatment ４５ 4.2 Results of risk analysis and treatment ６１ 4.2.1 Risk analysis and treatment for landslide hazard ６１ 4.2.2 Risk analysis and treatment for rockfall hazard ６９ 4.3 Discussion on risk analysis and treatment ８１ 5. Risk evaluation and acceptance for compound disasters ８７ 5.1 Method for risk evaluation and acceptance ８７ 5.2 Result of risk evaluation and acceptance １００ 5.2.1 QRA with physically-based landslide model １００ 5.2.2 Impact assessment of post-wildfire landslides １０５ 5.2.3 Impact assessment of complex flooding １０９ 5.3 Discussion on risk evaluation and acceptance １１４ 6. Discussion １２２ 7. Conclusion １２５Docto

Lessons Learned: Solutions for Workplace Safety and Health

Provides case studies of workplace health hazards, regulatory actions taken, and solutions, including product and design alternatives; a synthesis of findings and lessons learned; and federal- and state-level recommendations

Earthquake Prediction Research Funding: Senate Bill 22X

Includes: National Seismic System Science Plan, US Geological Survey Circular 1031. Includes: Technical and Economic Feasibility of an Earthquake Warning System in California: A Report to the California Legislature, California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989

Earthquake Prediction Research Funding: Senate Bill 22X

Includes: National Seismic System Science Plan, US Geological Survey Circular 1031. Includes: Technical and Economic Feasibility of an Earthquake Warning System in California: A Report to the California Legislature, California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1989

Training of Crisis Mappers and Map Production from Multi-sensor Data: Vernazza Case Study (Cinque Terre National Park, Italy)

This aim of paper is to presents the development of a multidisciplinary project carried out by the cooperation between Politecnico di Torino and ITHACA (Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance, Cooperation and Action). The goal of the project was the training in geospatial data acquiring and processing for students attending Architecture and Engineering Courses, in order to start up a team of "volunteer mappers". Indeed, the project is aimed to document the environmental and built heritage subject to disaster; the purpose is to improve the capabilities of the actors involved in the activities connected in geospatial data collection, integration and sharing. The proposed area for testing the training activities is the Cinque Terre National Park, registered in the World Heritage List since 1997. The area was affected by flood on the 25th of October 2011. According to other international experiences, the group is expected to be active after emergencies in order to upgrade maps, using data acquired by typical geomatic methods and techniques such as terrestrial and aerial Lidar, close-range and aerial photogrammetry, topographic and GNSS instruments etc.; or by non conventional systems and instruments such us UAV, mobile mapping etc. The ultimate goal is to implement a WebGIS platform to share all the data collected with local authorities and the Civil Protectio

Overview of working fluids and sustainable heating, cooling and power generation technologies

Dependency on energy is much higher than the past and it is clear that energy is vital for a sustainable and safer future. Therefore, urgent solutions are required not only to increase share of renewable resources but also more efficient usage of fossil fuels. This could be achieved with innovative power, air conditioning and refrigeration cycles utilising ‘long-term sustainable’ (LTS) fluids, especially air, water and CO2. In the article we provide a rational approach to the future use of working fluids based on our interpretation of the available technical evidence. We consider it self-evident that volatile fluids will continue to play major roles in cooling and power generation, however, new technologies will be needed that optimise energy efficiency and safety with minimum environmental impact. Concordantly we discuss the past and current situation of volatile fluids and present four innovative technologies using air/water cycles. Study results showed that there is a rapid development in heating, cooling and power generation technologies those use water/air as working fluid. These technologies demonstrate a potential to replace conventional systems, thereby to contribute to global sustainability in near future. However, further development on LTS fluids and materials also process intensification and cost reduction are vital parameters for future advancement of these technologies