An architectural framework for self-configuration and self-improvement at runtime

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To Adapt or Not to Adapt: A Quantification Technique for Measuring an Expected Degree of Self-Adaptation

Self-adaptation and self-organization (SASO) have been introduced to the management of technical systems as an attempt to improve robustness and administrability. In particular, both mechanisms adapt the system’s structure and behavior in response to dynamics of the environment and internal or external disturbances. By now, adaptivity has been considered to be fully desirable. This position paper argues that too much adaptation conflicts with goals such as stability and user acceptance. Consequently, a kind of situation-dependent degree of adaptation is desired, which defines the amount and severity of tolerated adaptations in certain situations. As a first step into this direction, this position paper presents a quantification approach for measuring the current adaptation behavior based on generative, probabilistic models. The behavior of this method is analyzed in terms of three application scenarios: urban traffic control, the swidden farming model, and data communication protocols. Furthermore, we define a research roadmap in terms of six challenges for an overall measurement framework for SASO systems

GUARDIANS final report

Emergencies in industrial warehouses are a major concern for firefghters. The large dimensions together with the development of dense smoke that drastically reduces visibility, represent major challenges. The Guardians robot swarm is designed to assist fire fighters in searching a large warehouse. In this report we discuss the technology developed for a swarm of robots searching and assisting fire fighters. We explain the swarming algorithms which provide the functionality by which the robots react to and follow humans while no communication is required. Next we discuss the wireless communication system, which is a so-called mobile ad-hoc network. The communication network provides also one of the means to locate the robots and humans. Thus the robot swarm is able to locate itself and provide guidance information to the humans. Together with the re ghters we explored how the robot swarm should feed information back to the human fire fighter. We have designed and experimented with interfaces for presenting swarm based information to human beings

Ubiquitous Computing

The aim of this book is to give a treatment of the actively developed domain of Ubiquitous computing. Originally proposed by Mark D. Weiser, the concept of Ubiquitous computing enables a real-time global sensing, context-aware informational retrieval, multi-modal interaction with the user and enhanced visualization capabilities. In effect, Ubiquitous computing environments give extremely new and futuristic abilities to look at and interact with our habitat at any time and from anywhere. In that domain, researchers are confronted with many foundational, technological and engineering issues which were not known before. Detailed cross-disciplinary coverage of these issues is really needed today for further progress and widening of application range. This book collects twelve original works of researchers from eleven countries, which are clustered into four sections: Foundations, Security and Privacy, Integration and Middleware, Practical Applications

Application of Wireless Nano Sensors Network and Nanotechnology in Precision Agriculture: Review

Due to a series of global issues in recent years, such as the food crisis, the impact of fertilizer on climate change, and improper use of irrigation that’s way precision agriculture is the best solution for alleviating this problem. One of the most important and interesting information technology is the wireless Nanosensor network with the help of Nanotechnology will boost crop productivity, maintain the fertility status of the soil, save the water with precise application of irrigation in the field and minimize the loss of excess fertilizer through the precise application. In this paper, we have surveyed the importance of sensor networks in precision agriculture and the importance of Nanosensors with the help of Nanotechnology for remote monitoring in the various application of the agriculture field. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i04.00

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms

A survey of flooding, gossip routing, and related schemes for wireless multi- hop networks

Flooding is an essential and critical service in computer networks that is used by many routing protocols to send packets from a source to all nodes in the network. As the packets are forwarded once by each receiving node, many copies of the same packet traverse the network which leads to high redundancy and unnecessary usage of the sparse capacity of the transmission medium. Gossip routing is a well-known approach to improve the flooding in wireless multi-hop networks. Each node has a forwarding probability p that is either statically per-configured or determined by information that is available at runtime, e.g, the node degree. When a packet is received, the node selects a random number r. If the number r is below p, the packet is forwarded and otherwise, in the most simple gossip routing protocol, dropped. With this approach the redundancy can be reduced while at the same time the reachability is preserved if the value of the parameter p (and others) is chosen with consideration of the network topology. This technical report gives an overview of the relevant publications in the research domain of gossip routing and gives an insight in the improvements that can be achieved. We discuss the simulation setups and results of gossip routing protocols as well as further improved flooding schemes. The three most important metrics in this application domain are elaborated: reachability, redundancy, and management overhead. The published studies used simulation environments for their research and thus the assumptions, models, and parameters of the simulations are discussed and the feasibility of an application for real world wireless networks are highlighted. Wireless mesh networks based on IEEE 802.11 are the focus of this survey but publications about other network types and technologies are also included. As percolation theory, epidemiological models, and delay tolerant networks are often referred as foundation, inspiration, or application of gossip routing in wireless networks, a brief introduction to each research domain is included and the applicability of the particular models for the gossip routing is discussed

Design of a protocol for event-based network reconfiguration of active vision systems

Projecte final de carrera fet en col.laboració amb Leibniz Universtät HannoverCatalà: Avui en dia la vigilancia de grans àreas, com ara bancs, aeroports o ciutats es basa principalment en sistemas de video. Les Active Cameras (ACs) juguen un paper important per als sistemes de seguretat, ja que combinen video detecció, processament de video i comunicació en un sol dispositiu. Un punt feble és que les ACs son generalment fixes i poden apareixer oclusions que poden crear punts cecs al sistema. Aquests punts cecs poden ser superats mitjançant l?ús de ACs mòbils crean una xarxa mòbil, anomenada Active Camera Network (ACN), presentades en aquesta tesi. No obstant això, la mobilitat de les ACs ve juntament amb desafiaments en termes de coordinació i configuración. A més d?això, el cost de les ACs es més gran en comparació a les xarxes de cameres estatiques, però el nombre de guàrdies necessaris per inspeccionar una gran àrea com una ciutat per exemple o per controlar una gran quantitat de monitors es pot reduir considerablement amb les ACNs. El nostre objectiu és implementar l?arquitectura de un sistema auto-reconfigurable per una xarxa de ACs que poden anar muntades en robots mòbils pel terra o en microvehicles aeris (MAV). Així, les ACs decidirán per si mateixes on actualizar la seva posición per tal d?aconseguir un rendiment òptim del sistema. Per assolir aquest objectiu, les ACs aumentaran o disminuiran les regions espacials redundants amb el seus veïns fent focus en les regions mes sobrecarregades. El protocol presentat en aquesta tesi adapta la posición de les ACs per detectar les diferents trajectories que travessan la zona de vigilancia i que poden evolucionar amb el temps. Les simulacions han demostrat que el protocol presentat augmenta el rendiment general del sistema fins un 190% més gràcies a la reconfiguració i cooperación entre les ACs veïnes.Castellano: Hoy en día la vigilancia de grandes áreas, tales como bancos, aeropuertos o ciudades se basa principalmente en sistemas de video vigilancia. Las Active Cameras (ACs) juegan un papel importante para los sistemas de seguridad, ya que combinan video detección, procesamiento de video y comunicación en un solo dispositivo. Un punto débil es que las ACs son generalmente fijas y pueden aparecer oclusiones que creen puntos ciegos en el sistema. Estos puntos ciegos pueden ser superados mediante el uso de ACs móviles creando una red móvil, llamada Active Camera Network (ACN), presentadas en esta tesis. Sin embargo, la movilidad de las ACs viene junto con desafíos en términos de coordinación y configuración. Además de esto, el coste de las ACs es mayor en comparación a las redes de cámaras estáticas, pero el número de guardias necesarios para inspeccionar una gran área como una ciudad por ejemplo o para controlar una gran cantidad de monitores se puede reducir considerablemente con las ACNs. Nuestro objetivo es implementar la arquitectura de un sistema auto-reconfigurable para una red de ACs que pueden ir montadas en robots móviles por el suelo o en micro vehículos aéreos (MAV). Así, las ACs decidirán por sí mismas donde actualizar sus posiciones con el fin de conseguir un rendimiento óptimo del sistema. Para alcanzar este objetivo, las ACs aumentarán o disminuirán las regiones espaciales redundantes con sus vecinos haciendo foco en las regiones más sobrecargadas. El protocolo presentado en esta tesis adapta la posición de las ACs para detectar las diferentes trayectorias que atraviesan la zona de vigilancia y que pueden evolucionar con el tiempo. Las simulaciones han demostrado que el protocolo presentado aumenta el rendimiento general del sistema hasta un 190% más gracias a la reconfiguración y cooperación entre las ACs vecinas.English: Nowadays surveillance of large areas, such as banks, airports or cities is mostly based on vision systems. Smart Cameras (SCs) play an important role for security systems as they combine video sensing, video processing and communication within a single device. One weak point is that SCs are usually stationary and so occlusions may create blind spots in the system. These blind spots may be overcome by using mobile SCs, so called Active Camera Networks (ACNs), as introduced in this thesis. Nevertheless, mobility of SCs come along with challenges in terms of coordination and configuration. In addition to this, the cost of ACs is higher in comparison to static camera networks but the number of guards needed to survey a large area like a city or to control a lot of monitors can be reduced considerably with AC networks. Our goal is to implement a self-reconfiguration system architecture for networked smart cameras that could be mounted either on mobile robots on the ground or Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs). Thus, the ACs will decide by themselves where to update their position in order to achieve the optimal system's performance. To reach that goal, ACs will increase or decrease spatial redundancy regions with their neighbours to overcome overloaded regions. The protocol presented in this thesis adapts the position of the ACN to the different trajectories that traverse a surveillance area over time. The simulations have shown that the presented protocol increase the overall performance due to the node reconfiguration and cooperation between neighbouring ACs