Dynamic Capability, Ambidexterity, Social Network--Empirical Evidence from SMEs in China

The investigation of organization’s ambidexterity is a challenge in management science research. While the existent literature shows a positive relation between dynamic capability and innovation, few empirical studies are focused to explain how dynamic capability influences the balanced and combined dimension of ambidexterity, and still less is understood about how social networks moderate this relation. By a relational model of dynamic capability, ambidexterity, and social network, this study has conducted multiple regression analysis on data collected from 350 SMEs in mainland China. The results show that, dynamic capability has positive influences on both the balanced and combined dimension of ambidexterity; and both the relational network and structural network play an inverted U moderating role, where the moderation of relational network is stronger than that of structural network. This study provides empirical support on dynamic capability’s influence on ambidexterity together with the moderation of social network

Export-Related Dynamic Capabilities and Export Success: Absorptive Capacity Moderated Mediating Effect of Ambidexterity

The success of exporting SMEs depends on their distinctive export-related dynamic capabilities that enable them to survive and grow in international environment. Since these capabilities are knowledge-based, they provide a great advantage for resource-constrained SMEs even with very small investments. This study investigates these specific export-related dynamic capabilities and their effect on export performance in SMEs of an emerging economy. A survey was conducted to 427 exporting SMEs in all over Turkey to test the hypothesis concerning the relations between international orientation, export market orientation, ambidexterity, absorptive capacity and export performance. The results showed that ambidexterity is a mediator between orientations (international orientation, export market orientation) and export performance. Besides, absorptive capacity has a moderating effect on the relationship between ambidexterity and export performance

Early Internationalization in the Digital Context : A Capabilities-based Approach

In the fields of international entrepreneurship (IE) and international business (IB), digitalization influences the early internationalization of firms. While we know that digitalization facilitates early internationalization, we do not yet know the exact underlying capabilities that drive this process. The dissertation attempts to bridge this gap by utilizing a capabilities-based approach. This approach offers relevant insights for both IE and IB literature and provides new understanding on how early internationalizing firms develop their digital capabilities for achieving sustainable internationalization outcomes. The dissertation consists of four essays. The first essay, which is a literature review, evaluates IE and IB literature dealing with digitalization and examines to what extent digitalization underlies the causes, processes, and outcomes of early internationalization. The second, third, and fourth essays focus on the capabilities underlying early internationalization processes and outcomes in a digital context. The essays illustrate how the development of international dynamic capabilities and learning advantage of newness of early internationalizing firms occur; they also open up the functionality of digital technology as a supportive mechanism. Theoretically, the essays contribute to IE and IB research streams by providing novel insights and understanding of the phenomenon of early internationalization in a digital context from a capabilities-based approach. Overall, the dissertation cross-fertilizes perspectives from IE, IB, and information systems to contribute to our understanding of early internationalization in the digital context. It also responds to the calls for more research on the impact of digitalization on internationalization, and capability development studies.Digitalisaatio vaikuttaa yritysten varhaiseen kansainvälistymiseen kansainvälisessä yrittäjyydessä ja kansainvälisessä liiketoiminnassa. Tiedämme, että digitalisaatio kiihdyttää varhaista kansainvälistymistä, mutta emme tiedä tarkalleen, mitkä kyvykkyydet edistävät tätä prosessia. Väitöskirja pyrkii vastaamaan tähän tutkimusvajeeseen kyvykkyyksiin perustuvan lähestymistavan kautta. Lähestymistapa antaa olennaisia näkemyksiä sekä kansainvälisen yrittäjyyden että kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan kirjallisuuteen ja lisää ymmärrystä siitä, kuinka varhain kansainvälistyneet yritykset kehittävät kyvykkyyksiään digitaalisesti siten, että kansainvälistymisen tulokset ovat kestäviä. Väitöskirja koostuu neljästä esseestä. Ensimmäinen essee on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa arvioidaan kansainvälisen yrittäjyyden ja kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan digitalisuutta käsittelevää kirjallisuutta ja tarkastellaan missä määrin digitaalisuus määrittää syitä, prosesseja ja kansainvälistymisen tuloksia. Toisessa, kolmannessa ja neljännessä esseessä keskitytään kyvykkyyksiin, jotka toimivat varhaisen kansainvälistymisprosessin sekä kansainvälistymisprosessin tulosten taustalla digitaalisessa kontekstissa. Esseet havainnollistavat, miten varhain kansainvälistyvien yritysten kansainväliset dynaamiset kyvykkyydet ja varhaisen oppimisen etu kehittyvät. Esseissä käsitellään myös digitaalitekniikan toimivuutta tukimekanismina. Esseiden teoreettinen kontribuutio kohdistuu kansainvälisen yrittäjyyden ja kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan tutkimuskenttään tarjoten uusia oivalluksia ja ymmärrystä varhaisen kansainvälistymisen ilmiöstä digitaalisessa kontekstissa kyvykkyyksiin perustuvan lähestymistavan kautta. Väitöskirjassa hyödynnetään kansainvälisen yrittäjyyden, kansainvälisen liiketoiminnan ja tietojärjestelmätieteen näkökulmia lisäämään ymmärrystä varhaisesta kansainvälistymisestä digitaalisessa kontekstissa. Väitöskirja vastaa myös toivomuksiin lisätä tutkimusta digitalisaation vaikutuksesta kansainvälistymiseen sekä kyvykkyyksien kehittämiseen.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Staying Ahead of the Curve: An Analysis of Strategic Agility and its Role in Ensuring Firm Survival in a Dynamic Business Environment

This research paper explores the relationship between strategic agility and firm survival in a highly dynamic business environment. The study aims to identify the key factors associated with strategic agility and to analyze how they impact firm performance in a competitive and rapidly changing market. A systematic literature review methodology was employed to gather and analyze the relevant literature. Three key factors were identified as being associated with strategic agility: resource fluidity, leadership capabilities, and strategic sensitivity. The analysis revealed that firms with a higher degree of strategic agility have a better chance of survival in a dynamic business environment. Strategic agility helps firms quickly adapt to changes in the market, anticipate future trends, and respond to customer needs, thereby enhancing their competitiveness. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of strategic agility as a critical factor in ensuring firm survival in a highly dynamic business environment

R&D Alliances and SMEs Post-Entry Internationalization Speed : The Impact of Alliance Management Capability and Co-innovation Ambidexterity

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Linking Ambidextrous Learning with Organizational Performance: Critical Review of Literature and a Research Agenda

Modern organizations are confronted with the dilemma of ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in management of current operations while at the same time adapting to the dynamics of business environment for future viability. Achieving a balance in this paradigm requires organizations to be ambidextrous. Research on ambidexterity is inconclusive with studies giving divergent and even contradictory results particularly on the configuration and conceptualization of the dimensions of ambidextrous learning and their effect on organizational performance. This paper, therefore, makes a critical review of literature on the linkage between ambidextrous learning and organizational performance and proposes a conceptual framework and research methodology for future research. Keywords: Ambidextrous learning, employee ambidexterity, exploitative learning, exploratory learning, innovative work behaviour, environmental dynamism, organizational performance

Organisational Ambidexterity in SME Context: A Multi-Level Perspective Focused on Portuguese Technological Firms

The study of organisational ambidexterity (OA) has been an important field of research for management, especially because of the importance of this theme for the competitiveness of companies. In this sense, this doctoral thesis in Management has, as its main objective, to provide a better understanding of how OA can be developed in the context of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). This study adopted a multilevel perspective, having explored a set of different paths implemented through five research articles: a literature review article, a theoretical article and three empirical articles. Thus, the first article is a literature review, and its main objective is to identify the factors that affect OA in SMEs. Based on 297 articles published between 2005 and 2020 in the Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases, a multilevel perspective was adopted, covering the organisational, environmental, and individual levels. With this approach, four thematic areas were identified with which the OA investigation is related: innovation, organisational learning, dynamic capabilities, and SME performance. The main contribution of this research focuses on the identification of thematic areas of scientific research around OA, as well as the identification of a set of contingent factors, located at the organisational, environmental, and individual levels, which can potentially influence the development of OA in the context of SMEs. The second article sought to analyse the antecedents of OA considering the main characteristics of SMEs, such as their small size or their reduced internal structure. For this purpose, and based on the identified literature, an approach was adopted based on internal and external antecedents and what is its potential relationship with the characteristics of SMEs from the perspective of the exploration and exploitation concepts. Based on this relationship, ten theoretical propositions were identified. The third article is empirical in nature and adopts an individual-level perspective and aimed to analyse the influence of owner-managers' personality in the development of OA in the context of SMEs. For this purpose, five hypotheses based on personality traits and their influence on OA were formulated. A second-order structural equation model was used, and a structured questionnaire addressed to the owner-managers of 224 Portuguese SMEs in the information technology (IT), telecommunications, audio-visual and IT consulting. The results obtained suggest the positive influence of the personality traits of extraversion and conscientiousness in OA and the negative influence of the personality trait of neuroticism in OA. The fourth article is also empirical in nature and sought to study the influence of environmental dynamism and technological capability in OA and the moderating role of environmental dynamism in OA. With this objective, a second-order structural equation model was used, and a structured questionnaire addressed to the ownermanagers of 224 Portuguese SMEs in the information technology (IT), telecommunications, audio-visual and IT consulting sector. The main results obtained reveal a positive effect of technological capability in OA as well as a moderating effect on the relationship between technological capability and OA. Finally, the fifth and last article adopts an organisational level perspective and aimed to understand how Quality Management Systems based on ISO 9001 (QMS) can help inhibit or facilitate OA in SMEs. In this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, using four case studies and a interview protocol previously developed for this purpose. The results obtained highlight the importance of the changes caused by the QMS for the development of ambidextrous behaviours in SMEs and reveal that not all the changes caused by the QMS in SMEs acted as facilitators of the OA. The different studies carried out within the scope of this research lead us to consider that the development of OA in the context of SMEs is dependent on a set of factors of a multilevel nature, namely in terms of the specific characteristics of this type of companies, personality traits of the owner-managers and the external influence of the environmental dynamism in which these companies operate. This study was based on an important set of theories, such as the Contingency Theory, the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Upper Echelons Theory, or the model of the five factors or personality traits (Big-Five personality traits). This PhD thesis in Management supports the idea that the development of OA in SMEs is dependent on the degree of influence of activities related to exploration and exploitation. This study suggests that OA is a complex phenomenon, and that exploration and exploitation will tend to be difficult to balance, which leads us to think that in SMEs these activities can be balanced alternately or that they can coexist in a complementary and orthogonal way. In this sense, this study highlights the role of SMEs in customer relationships, the influence of contingent factors such as environmental dynamism in exploration and exploitation, the external influence on OA and in the technological capacity of these companies, as well as the influence of the characteristics of the personality of its ownermanagers. This investigation also presents contributions to theory and practice, as well as future lines of research related to this theme.O estudo da ambidextria organizacional tem sido um importante campo de pesquisa para a gestão, sobretudo pela importância que esta temática se reveste para a competitividade das empresas. Neste sentido, esta tese de doutoramento em Gestão possui, como objetivo principal, proporcionar um melhor entendimento acerca da ambidextria organizacional (AO) em contexto de pequenas e médias empresas (PME) portuguesas. O caminho de investigação definido adotou uma abordagem multinível, tendo sido explorados um conjunto de diferentes perspetivas concretizadas através de cinco artigos de investigação: um artigo de revisão de literatura, um artigo teórico e três artigos de natureza empírica. Assim, o primeiro artigo, é uma revisão da literatura e tem como principal objetivo identificar os fatores que afetam a AO em contexto de PME. Tendo por base 297 artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2020 nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct, foi adotada uma perspetiva multinível, abrangendo o nível organizacional, ambiental e individual. Com essa abordagem identificaram-se quatro áreas temáticas com as quais a investigação da AO se encontra relacionada: inovação, aprendizagem organizacional, capacidades dinâmicas e desempenho das PME. O principal contributo desta investigação centra-se na identificação das grandes áreas temáticas de investigação científica em torno da AO, assim como a identificação de um conjunto de fatores contingenciais, situados ao nível organizacional, ambiental e individual, que potencialmente podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da AO em contexto de PME. O segundo artigo procurou analisar os antecedentes da AO à luz das principais caracteristicas das PME, como a sua reduzida dimensão ou a sua reduzida estrutura interna. Para esse efeito, e tendo por base a literatura identificada, adotou-se uma abordagem baseada nos antecedentes internos e externos e qual o seu potencial relacionamento com as caracteristicas das PME sob o prisma dos conceitos de exploration e exploitation. Com base nesses relacionamentos foram identificadas dez proposições teóricas. O terceiro artigo tem uma natureza empírica, adota uma perspetiva de nível individual, e teve como objetivo analisar a influência da personalidade dos proprietários-gestores no desenvolvimento da AO em contexto de PME. Para esse efeito foram formuladas cinco hipóteses baseadas nos traços de personalidade e a sua influência em AO. Recorreu-se a um modelo de equações estruturais de segunda ordem e a um questionário estruturado dirigido aos proprietários-gestores de 224 PME portuguesas do setor das tecnologias de informação (TI), telecomunicações, audiovisual e consultadoria em TI. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a influência positiva dos traços de personalidade da extroversão e conscienciosidade em AO e influência negativa do traço de personalidade de neuroticismo em AO. O quarto artigo tem igualmente uma natureza empírica e procurou-se estudar a influência do dinamismo ambiental e da capacidade tecnológica em AO e o papel moderador do dinamismo ambiental em AO. Com este objetivo recorreu-se a um modelo de equações estruturais de segunda ordem e a um questionário estruturado dirigido aos proprietários-gestores de 224 PME portuguesas do setor das tecnologias de informação (TI), telecomunicações, audiovisual e consultadoria em TI. Os principais resultados obtidos revelam um efeito positivo da capacidade tecnológica em AO assim como um efeito moderador na relação entre capacidade tecnológica e AO. Por fim, o quinto e último artigo, adota a perspetiva de nível organizacional e teve como objetivo perceber como os Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade baseados na ISO 9001 (SGQ) podem ajudar a inibir ou a facilitar a AO em PME. Para este artigo adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso a quatro estudos de caso e a um questionário de entrevista previamente desenvolvido para o efeito. Os resultados obtidos ressaltam a importância das mudanças provocadas pelos SGQ para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos ambidextros nas PME e revela que nem todas as mudanças provocadas pelos SGQ nas PME atuaram como facilitadores da AO. Os diferentes estudos efetuados no âmbito desta investigação leva-nos a considerar que desenvolvimento da AO no contexto das PME encontra-se dependente de um conjunto de fatores de natureza multinível, nomeadamente ao nível das características especificas deste tipo de empresas, dos traços de personalidade dos seus proprietáriosgestores e da influência externa do dinamismo ambiental onde estas empresas se inserem. Esta investigação teve por base um importante conjunto de teorias, como a Teoria Contingencial, a Teoria das Capacidades Dinâmicas, a Upper Echelons Theory, ou o modelo dos cinco fatores ou traços de personalidade (Big-five personality traits). Esta tese de doutoramento em Gestão permite sustentar a ideia de que o desenvolvimento da AO nas PME encontra-se dependente do grau de influência das atividades relacionadas com exploration e exploitation. Este estudo sugere que a AO é um fenómeno complexo e que exploration e exploitation tenderão a ser difíceis de serem equilibradas, o que nos leva a pensar que, nas PME, essas atividades poderão ser balanceadas alternadamente ou que poderão coexistir de forma complementar e ortogonal. Neste sentido, este estudo realça o papel das PME no relacionamento com clientes, a influência dos fatores contingenciais como o dinamismo ambiental em exploration e exploitation, a influência externa na construção da AO e na capacidade tecnológica destas empresas, assim como a influência das caracteristicas de personalidade dos seus gestores-proprietários. Esta investigação também apresenta contributos para a teoria e para a prática, assim como linhas de pesquisa futuras relativas a esta temática

Locational benefits and innovation performance: the contingency value of ambidexterity in inbound and outbound open innovation and absorptive capacity

Locational benefits and innovation performance: the contingency value of ambidexterity in inbound and outbound open innovation and absorptive capacit

Dynamic capabilities and mediating effects of innovation on the competitive advantage and firm’s performance: the moderating role of organizational learning capability

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of exploration and exploitation capabilities on competitive advantage (hereafter CA) and performance, considering the mediating role of innovation capabilities (hereafter ICs) and the moderating role of organizational learning capability (hereafter OLC) on the proposed relationships. This investigation proposes a theoretical model tested using structural equation modelling (SEM), and a multi-group analysis is performed to understand the moderating role of organizational learning capability. A 90-item questionnaire exploring the relationships between dynamic capabilities (hereafter DCs) and innovation was developed, and a total of 387 valid questionnaires were collected from a sample of Portuguese’s smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a case of a transition economy. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of the direct and indirect impact of exploration and exploitation on CA variables, the mediating role of IC on CA and performance and the moderating effect of OLC in a transition economy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Organisational learning, organisational ambidexterity, environmental turbulence, and NPD performance of Malaysian's manufacturing sector

Despite numerous studies proving that environmental turbulence was moderating the new product development (NPD) performance of manufacturing firms, it is however, still less stressed upon in Malaysia. Motivated by the current NPD issues on organisational capability from the dynamic capability (DCs) perspective, this study aimed to empirically determine the relationships between organisational capability and NPD performance, and sequentially examine the moderating effects of environmental turbulence in those relationships. A survey was randomly conducted among 123 product/production managers from various manufacturing industries in Malaysia. The data was analysed with the SPSS v.19 statistical technique. Prior to the analysis, the data was cleaned, inspected for outliers, normality, factor analysis, and reliability test to meet the assumptions for the parametric test. The results of correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses found 22 (out of 48) hypotheses were supported. In detail, the exploitation capability, exploration capability, and contextual ambidexterity were found to be significantly correlated to NPD performance. It was also found that market turbulence was giving a pure moderation to all types of organisational capability (exploitation capability, exploration capability, structural ambidexterity, and contextual ambidexterity) on NPD financial performance. Meanwhile, the moderating effects of technological turbulence, and competitive intensity were varied across different relationships. Allin-all, the findings indicated that the concept of DCs was useful for building a firm’s ability to deploy organisational capabilities under different types of environmental turbulence to achieve better NPD performance. It can be achieved by creating balance in the firm’s NPD portfolio and is useful in the NPD strategy for decisionmaking process. Besides these contributions, the limitations of the study, and future research agenda were also discussed