Contouring with uncertainty

As stated by Johnson [Joh04], the visualization of uncertainty remains one of the major challenges for the visualization community. To achieve this, we need to understand and develop methods that allow us not only to consider uncertainty as an extra variable within the visualization process, but to treat it as an integral part. In this paper, we take contouring, one of the most widely used visualization techniques for two dimensional data, and focus on extending the concept of contouring to uncertainty. We develop special techniques for the visualization of uncertain contours. We illustrate the work through application to a case study in oceanography

Customer unit substation of collective heat distribution system : Benchmark of hot water comfort test standard and methodologies

The performance assessment of dwelling heating substations in terms of level of comfort is usually studied regarding temperature overshoots, stationary temperature deviations and settling time among other parameters. In fact, several standards and test methods can be found focusing on a specific target or technology. However, these methods do not always provide clear information about hot water comfort. As a result planners, developers and customers have difficulties to compare a substation product with products using other technologies for the heating of sanitary hot water. The study investigates the compatibility of already existing methods and intends to evaluate their applicability to systems where the sanitary hot water is prepared in an instantaneous way by using a heat exchanger in a district heating substation. In order to achieve that aim, a dynamic simulation model of a test setup (using TRNSYS) has been developed. The test procedures, as well as the simulation results, are described and discussed. This analysis is expected to provide the basis for an integrated performance assessment test of this kind of devices