Science Models as Value-Added Services for Scholarly Information Systems

The paper introduces scholarly Information Retrieval (IR) as a further dimension that should be considered in the science modeling debate. The IR use case is seen as a validation model of the adequacy of science models in representing and predicting structure and dynamics in science. Particular conceptualizations of scholarly activity and structures in science are used as value-added search services to improve retrieval quality: a co-word model depicting the cognitive structure of a field (used for query expansion), the Bradford law of information concentration, and a model of co-authorship networks (both used for re-ranking search results). An evaluation of the retrieval quality when science model driven services are used turned out that the models proposed actually provide beneficial effects to retrieval quality. From an IR perspective, the models studied are therefore verified as expressive conceptualizations of central phenomena in science. Thus, it could be shown that the IR perspective can significantly contribute to a better understanding of scholarly structures and activities.Comment: 26 pages, to appear in Scientometric

God Keep Me From Ever Completing Anything: Problems of Writing and Identity in Four American Narratives.

This study examines the relationship between writing and American identity in four works--William Bradford\u27s Of Plymouth Plantation, Benjamin Franklin\u27s Autobiography, Herman Melville\u27s Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, and Nathaniel Hawthorne\u27s The Marble Faun: Or The Romance of Monte Beni--by illuminating the difficulty that the narrator of each work has in constructing and maintaining his vision of American identity. For Bradford and Franklin, the analysis centers on their attempts to confront the historical complexities of American society--Bradford confronting the economic realities of colonialism, Franklin confronting the difficulty of organizing governance after the American Revolution. For Melville and Hawthorne, the analysis centers on their ironic but historically-based presentation of American identity through a self-interested or naive narrator, and on their texts\u27 subsequent comments on the problems of American expansionism and slavery. Though not strictly a Bakhtinian analysis, this study employs Mikhail Bakhtin\u27s categories of monological and dialogical discourse as a reference for showing how language and history help destabilize written constructions of American identity. In each work, a narrator creates American identity by suppressing or ignoring elements of American experience that subsequent events, or even events contemporary to the narrators, have proved to be of essential importance. When read retrospectively from our own point in time, these elements show their hidden presence in the narratives by disrupting their schemes for American identity. The appearance of these elements proves instructive about the works themselves, their times, their authors, and their relationships with each other. Each chapter addresses the problem of writing and American identity by describing a literary and historical basis for each construction of American identity, by identifying the suppressed elements of American experience in each construction, and by showing how knowledge of these elements affects both the narrator\u27s construction of American identity and the way in which we read the narratives. Each chapter ends with a conclusion that attempts to resituate the works in relation to the increasing emphasis on social and political consciousness that affects American literary studies

A Scientometric Analysis of Urban Economic Development: R Bibliometrix Biblioshiny Application

This study aims to analyze the development of scientometric research from the theme of urban economic development. The analysis was carried out on 360 articles indexed by Dimension.ai. The method used is scientometric using R Bibliometrix Biblioshiny and VosViewer as processing tools. The results obtained are that this theme has begun to develop significantly in 2020 until now. Research in urban economic development is dominantly published by Chinese authors and affiliates in reputable journals. Research opportunities from urban economic development in emerging themes found the topics of city, innovation, metropolitan, planning, future, and change. This indicates that the potential research themes are in the city planning area which is “innovative”, “future-oriented” and able to “adapt the technology” in “the face of change”. Potential topics in urban economic development were found to have changed from 1964-2013 to 2014-2020 which focused on urban, data, local, contemporary, design and cities. These results can be used as input in compiling research on the theme of urban economic development research and to help researchers find novelty and sustainable impact contributions

Precision Agriculture under a bibliometric view

Precision Agriculture comprises techniques to monitor and control the differentiated application of agricultural inputs, considering the variability of cultivation areas over time to increase productivity and maintain environmental sustainability. Its current form considers the use of high-tech equipment to ensure food safety in the future and, therefore, constantly seeks research that produces innovations for the sector. However, there is a tremendous challenge in evaluating scientific development, given the large volume of information. This study aimed to carry out a scientific mapping of Precision Agriculture from a set of bibliometric techniques supported using the R bibliometrix tool. Based on this objective, the research questions were formulated and answered throughout qualitative quantitative and descriptive exploratory study. The data processing resulted 5,807 articles (13,705 authors) obtained from 1993 to 2020. Among the main results, there is constant growth in the number of publications, especially between 2016 and 2020; more significant concentration among countries, forming well-defined collaboration subnetworks through their institutions; presence of expressive central themes in the research with a high density of studies, such as the use of remote sensing combined with machine learning techniques, due to the growing trend in the amount of processed data

Piecework versus merit pay: a Mean Fi eld Game approach to academic behavior

This paper applies the Mean Fi eld Game approach pioneered by Lasry and Lions (2007) to the analysis of the researchers' academic productivity. It provides a theoretical motivation for the stability of the universaly observed Lotka's law. It shows that a remuneration scheme taking into account the researchers rank with respect to the academic resume can induce a larger number of researchers to overtake a minimal production standard. It thus appears as superior to piecework remuneration.Mean Field Game, Academic production, incentives, Lotka's law.

Overview of international publications on the innovation process: a bibliometric study

Bibliometric Studies concepts. There were five stages for the configuration of this article: identification of the keyword, Innovation Process, and selection of the search criteria; selection of articles and listing them according to the number of citations under the search criteria; selection of the ten articles with the highest number of citations; analysis of the selected articles; and discussion about the conclusions. The study makes it possible to identify which are the main published articles on Innovation Process based on the number of citations, length of time and date, countries, areas of knowledge, journals, authors and universities of publication. According to the findings, it seems advisable for developing countries’ scholars to foster further research on Innovation Process, as well as more productions on Bibliometric Research as a whole

Design in Puritan American Literature

Puritan American writers faced a dilemma: they had an obligation to use language as a celebration of divine artistry, but they could not allow their writing to become an iconic graven image of authorial self-idolatry. In this study William Scheick explores one way in which William Bradford, Nathaniel Ward, Anne Bradstreet, Urian Oakes, Edward Taylor, and Jonathan Edwards mediated these conflicting imperatives. They did so, he argues, by creating moments in their works when they and their audience could hesitate and contemplate the central paradox of language: its capacity to intimate both concealed authorial pride and latent deific design. These ambiguous occasions served Puritan writers as places where the threat of divine wrath and the promise of divine mercy intersected in unresolved tension. By the nineteenth century the heritage of this Christlike mingling of temporal connotation and eternal denotation had mutated. A peculiar late eighteenth-century narrative by Nathan Fiske and a short story by Edward Bellamy both suggest that the binary nature of language exploited by their Puritan ancestors was still a vital authorial concern; but neither of these writers affirms the presence of an eternal denotative signification hidden within the conflicting historical contexts of their apparently allegorical language. For them, appreciation of the mystery of a divine revelation possibly concealed in words yielded to puzzlement over language itself, specifically over the inadequacy of language to signify more than its own instability of design. This book is a tightly focused study of an important aspect of Puritan American writers\u27 use of language by one of the leading scholars in the field of early American literature. William J. Scheick is J.R. Millikan Centennial Professor of English and American Literature at the University of Texas, Austin, and editor of Texas Studies in Literature and Language. A magisterial study of the uses of language by the major early American puritan writers—among them Bradford, Ward, Bradstreet, Taylor, and Edwards—by one of the leading scholars of their period —Kenneth Cherryhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_north_america/1026/thumbnail.jp

The Early Role of the Attorney General in Our Constitutional Scheme: In the Beginning There Was Pragmatism

This article attempts to accomplish two distinct but related objectives. First, it initiates the proposed systematic study of the Office of the Attorney General by examining its early role. Second, it explores how these early experiences help to answer today\u27s questions. To those ends, part I examines the establishment of the Office of the Attorney General. Studying the genesis of the office and contrasting it to the other significant offices created by the First Congress, such as the Secretaries of Foreign Affairs, War, and Treasury, reveals the priorities and concerns of these early legislators, many of whom had been instrumental in drafting the Constitution. This study reveals that the First Congress approached the question of presidential control with a useful mixture of sensitivity and pragmatism that is insufficiently appreciated today Part II examines the frustrations Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General, experienced in the office, focusing particularly on his efforts to persuade the courts to enforce Congress\u27s first pension act for disabled veterans of the Revolutionary War. In Hayburn’s Case, a 1792 case well known for its implications for the role of the federal judiciary, Randolph, on behalf of the United States, petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus ordering a lower court to administer the Invalid Pensions Act of 1792. But the Court refused to allow the Attorney General to make his motion. Because the Court did not issue a written opinion in the case, it has been difficult to probe its reasoning. However, the unpublished personal notes of Justice Iredell, coupled with contemporaneous newspaper accounts, letters, and other Supreme Court decisions, suggest that the Court\u27s principal concern was whether the President and the Congress had sufficiently authorized the Attorney General to make such a motion. These efforts by Randolph to secure enforcement of the pension law, offering the Supreme Court its first opportunity to consider the respective roles of the President and Congress in controlling the Attorney General, provide us with an excellent, hitherto unexplored, opportunity to examine the early role of the Attorney General.16 Studying this experience reveals that many of the current tensions in our tripartite system of government were evident at its inception. From the beginning, there were questions about whom the Attorney General represented, who should and would control the incumbent Attorney General, and what it means to represent the interests of the United States. In addition, one sees the beginnings of the notably vibrant and enduring debate between those who see the federal courts merely as resolvers of private disputes and those who believe they serve a special function as interpreters and protectors of the Constitution. Finally, part III explores the extent to which these early experiences can contribute to modern debates. As the Article indicates, some of the precise uncertainties and frustrations confronting early Attorneys General already have been resolved. However, many fundamental questions remain: Can Congress order an Attorney General to act without regard to the views of the President? Can Congress place law enforcement responsibilities in the hands of individuals outside presidential control? Can the Attorney General act without clear congressional authorization? The early history cannot answer these questions. Indeed, those who find clear answers in this history are probably distorting the history. But the approach taken by the framers and early interpreters of the Constitution can and should inform our debate

Strategic Growth of Firms in the Digital Economy: A Simonian Research Agenda

Strategic growth of firms, in the words of Herbert Simon, is within the framework of decision making under “massive and unending uncertainty.” In the rapidly changing digital economy, the cycle of winning and losing and asset redistribution intensifies as the speed of information exchange increases. It is thus more necessary than ever to find explanatory theories to describe, model, and predict the emerging market structures of the hypercompetitive digital economy. In this paper, we draw upon several Simonian models of bounded rationality in decision making and propose a research agenda for strategic growth of firms in the digital economy. The agenda consists of three major topics: (1) skew distributions in the digital market competition, (2) empirical laws of information use, and (3) a framework of strategic information systems. Some ongoing projects related to the agenda are discussed

Trends in cultured meat : a bibliometric and sociometric analysis Of publication

Cellular agriculture is been considered as a mechanism to minimize future negative impacts of the estimated world population growth for the coming decades. Among the alternatives of this technology, the development of meat grown in the laboratory stands out. Numerous researchers have been making efforts to develop this scientific field today. However, few studies have tried to map the intellectual panorama and emerging themes in the scientific literature of this scientific field. Thus, this research aims to analyze from the perspective of the bibliometric and sociometric analysis the scientific publications on meat cultivated within the perspective of cellular agriculture, indexed in the Web of Science database. We analyzed 91 publications on cultured meat, combining mapping data, patterns of co-citation and collaboration from scientific journals and authorship. We also analyze emerging issues in the re-search on meat cultivated. We noted that, given the participation of authors and co-authors from different areas of knowledge, there is not a pattern in the composition of collaboration networks. Also stands out the multidisciplinary nature of the studies on cultured meat, transposing different disciplines and analytical approaches. Those aspects concerning the environmental, cultural impact, tech-nical viability of its productive process and impacts on traditional livestock production appear as latent constructs in this new food biotechnology