Wideband and UWB antennas for wireless applications. A comprehensive review

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems

A Review: Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas and Arrays

This study aims to provide an overview and deployment of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based antenna and arrays, with different configurations, feeding mechanisms, and performances. Their performance improvement methods, including bandwidth enhancement, size reduction, and gain improvement are also discussed based on available literature. SIW technology, which acts as a bridge between planar and non-planar technology, is a very favorable candidate for the development of components operating at microwave and millimeter wave band. Due to this, SIW antennas and array take the advantages of both classical metallic waveguide, which includes high gain, high power capacity, low cross polarization, and high selectivity, and that of planar antennas which comprises low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, conformability to planar or bent surfaces, and easy integration with planar circuits

Defected Ground Structure: Fundamentals, Analysis, and Applications in Modern Wireless Trends

Slots or defects integrated on the ground plane of microwave planar circuits are referred to as Defected Ground Structure. DGS is adopted as an emerging technique for improving the various parameters of microwave circuits, that is, narrow bandwidth, cross-polarization, low gain, and so forth. This paper presents an introduction and evolution of DGS and how DGS is different from former technologies: PBG and EBG. A basic concept behind the DGS technology and several theoretical techniques for analysing the Defected Ground Structure are discussed. Several applications of DGS in the field of filters, planar waveguides, amplifiers, and antennas are presented

A Typical Slotted SIW Cavity-backed Antenna for Dual frequency operations in U-NII Bands

A low profile circular shaped cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with two-typical intersecting rectangular slots on the ground plane is designed to operate in the dominant TM010 mode at a frequency of 5.19 GHz in U-NII-1 band for wireless applications. The initially designed antenna produces a gain of 4 dBi with a narrow impedance bandwidth extending from 5.17 – 5.22 GHz. The antenna design is further modified by insertion of another shifted two-typical intersecting rectangular slots to finally resemble that of Hash shape; resulting in dual band antenna operation at 4.9 and 5.93 GHz. The gains obtained are 3.7 dBi and 1.4 dBi for 4.9 and 5.93 GHz respectively with an impedance bandwidth covering 4.88 - 4.92 GHz and 5.92 – 5.94 GHz respectively. The antenna prototype is fabricated using Arlon AD270 substrate material. Parametric studies are performed in terms of return loss and gain of the antenna. All simulations are  carried out using HFSS v19.0 and show similar behavior to their experimentally measured counterparts

A Typical Slotted SIW Cavity-backed Antenna for Dual frequency operations in U-NII Bands

A low profile circular shaped cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with two-typical intersecting rectangular slots on the ground plane is designed to operate in the dominant TM010 mode at a frequency of 5.19 GHz in U-NII-1 band for wireless applications. The initially designed antenna produces a gain of 4 dBi with a narrow impedance bandwidth extending from 5.17 – 5.22 GHz. The antenna design is further modified by insertion of another shifted two-typical intersecting rectangular slots to finally resemble that of Hash shape; resulting in dual band antenna operation at 4.9 and 5.93 GHz. The gains obtained are 3.7 dBi and 1.4 dBi for 4.9 and 5.93 GHz respectively with an impedance bandwidth covering 4.88 - 4.92 GHz and 5.92 – 5.94 GHz respectively. The antenna prototype is fabricated using Arlon AD270 substrate material. Parametric studies are performed in terms of return loss and gain of the antenna. All simulations are  carried out using HFSS v19.0 and show similar behavior to their experimentally measured counterparts

An improved 2×2 array antenna using both-sided microwave integrated circuit technology for circular polarization

A circularly polarized microstrip patch array antenna using both-sided microwave integrated circuit (MIC) technology with a triple feed network has been proposed in this article. The antenna elements, feed structure and both-sided MIC technology are used and arranged in such a way to obtain circular polarization alongside high gain without using an external matching circuit. The 50 Ω microstrip line is used to energize the antenna where the antenna’s total feed network is made up of both series and parallel combinations of microstrip and slot line. The antenna was realized using Teflon glass fiber substrate (εr)=2.15 with a thickness of 0.8 mm. The antenna has some splendid parameters including S11 of less than -35 dB, a gain of 12 dBi with an omnidirectional pattern and an axial ratio of 0.7 dB at the operating frequency. The antenna possesses a bandwidth of 430 MHz (4.22%) after operating at X-band in the frequency spectrum. The antenna’s simulated parameters were investigated with the help of advanced design system (ADS) simulation software in microwave momentum mode

Antenna Designs for 5G/IoT and Space Applications

This book is intended to shed some light on recent advances in antenna design for these new emerging applications and identify further research areas in this exciting field of communications technologies. Considering the specificity of the operational environment, e.g., huge distance, moving support (satellite), huge temperature drift, small dimension with respect to the distance, etc, antennas, are the fundamental device allowing to maintain a constant interoperability between ground station and satellite, or different satellites. High gain, stable (in temperature, and time) performances, long lifecycle are some of the requirements that necessitates special attention with respect to standard designs. The chapters of this book discuss various aspects of the above-mentioned list presenting the view of the authors. Some of the contributors are working strictly in the field (space), so they have a very targeted view on the subjects, while others with a more academic background, proposes futuristic solutions. We hope that interested reader, will find a fertile source of information, that combined with their interest/background will allow efficiently exploiting the combination of these two perspectives

A Period-Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antenna with Fixed-Frequency and Wide-Angle Beam Scanning

© 1963-2012 IEEE. A novel fixed-frequency beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on a period-reconfigurable structure is presented. Operating at 5 GHz, the antenna consists of a slotted substrate integrated waveguide and 54 electrically small patches. Each patch element is etched with two dumbbell-shaped slots, and its operating state can be flexibly controlled by the biasing of the p-i-n diode on a parasitic strip. An ideal array model employing isotropic point sources is used for the analysis on the scanning mechanism, based on which a new method for suppressing the higher order space harmonics is developed. Using this method, the monoharmonic radiation range can be dramatically extended, and a wide-angle beam scanning can be achieved by manipulating the period length of the LWA. An FPGA controlling platform is designed for the electronic control of the antenna. The measured results validate that the proposed antenna achieves good performance of wide-angle scanning (125°) with a peak gain of 11.8 dBi at a fixed frequency

Review of Low Profile Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Backed Antennas

Low profile cavity backed antennas (CBA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology presented in published papers have been reviewed in this paper. Their operating mechanisms have been discussed and methods for improving the performance, such as bandwidth enhancement, size reduction, and gain improvement, have been presented. These novel antennas retain the advantage of conventional metallic cavity backed antenna, including high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross polarization level, and also keep the advantages of planar antenna including low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuit