DroughtScape- Winter 2018

CONTENTS Year in review: Drought eased in California, developed in Northern Plains......... 2 Quarterly Summary: Drought creeps across the country.............. 3 Annual impact summary: A year of wildfires.......... 4 Quarterly impact summary: Drought expands in Texas, Colorado............ 6 Drought and water crisis book updated............... 8 U.S. Drought Monitor available in Spanish........... 9 Study shows cities step up when drought occurs............... 10 New staff at the NDMC............. 11 Drought Summit in photos.............. 1

DroughtScape- Spring 2017

CONTENTS Drought center helps islands reduce drought vulnerability.......... 2 2017 sees above-average precipitation, warmer temps.......... 3 California pulls out of drought............. 4 After tech transfer, training Tunisia launches first drought map............... 6 Drought center releases 2016 annual report.............. 7 Book chapter focuses on drought and health................ 8 U2U wraps up, brings useful tools to farmers...............9 Survey finds drought info leads to better decisions.............. 1

DroughtScape- Spring 2007

2007 Spring Drought Outlook & Winter Summary VegDRI Expands to 15 States, Refines Views DroughtScape State Spotlight: Utah International Panel Foresees Drought as Part of Climate Change NIDIS Portal Advancin

Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress on proline content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance and yield characteristics in three varieties of chickpea (drought tolerant Bivaniej and ILC482 and drought sensitive Pirouz). A field experiment with four irrigation regimes was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included control (no drought),drought stress imposed during the vegetative phase, drought stress imposed during anthesis and drought stress during the vegetative phase and during anthesis. All physiological parameters were affected by drought stress. Drought stress imposed during vegetative growth or anthesis significantly decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. Proline accumulation was higher in ‘ILC482’ than in ‘Pirouz’ both under control and drought stress conditions. Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and yield were higher but sub-stomatal CO2 concentration was lower under drought stress conditions than under control conditions. The results showed that mesophyll resistance is the basic determinate of rate of phototosynthesis under drought stress conditions. Under drought conditions the drought tolerant variety ‘Bivaniej’ gave the highest yield whereas the drought sensitive variety ‘Pirouz’ gave the lowest yield. Drought stress at anthesis phase reduced seed yield more severe than that on vegetative stag

DroughtScape- Winter 2010

USDM Forum Highlights Drought Likely to Ease Research Shows Birds Vulnerable to Drought Drought Recedes in 2009 CA, TX Suffer Impacts from Ongoing Drought NDMC Wishes Ryu Well Conferees Pick SPI for Global Drought Inde

DroughtScape- Winter 2010

USDM Forum Highlights Drought Likely to Ease Research Shows Birds Vulnerable to Drought Drought Recedes in 2009 CA, TX Suffer Impacts from Ongoing Drought NDMC Wishes Ryu Well Conferees Pick SPI for Global Drought Inde

Breeding drought tolerant cowpea: constraints, accomplishments, and future prospects

This review presents an overview of accomplishments on different aspects of cowpea breeding for drought tolerance. Furthermore it provides options to enhance the genetic potential of the crop by minimizing yield loss due to drought stress. Recent efforts have focused on the genetic dissection of drought tolerance through identification of markers defining quantitative trait loci (QTL) with effects on specific traits related to drought tolerance. Others have studied the relationship of the drought response and yield components, morphological traits and physiological parameters. To our knowledge, QTLs with effects on drought tolerance have not yet been identified in cowpea. The main reason is that very few researchers are working on drought tolerance in cowpea. Some other reasons might be related to the complex nature of the drought stress response, and partly to the difficulties associated with reliable and reproducible measurements of a single trait linked to specific molecular markers to be used for marker assisted breeding. Despite the fact that extensive research has been conducted on the screening aspects for drought tolerance in cowpea only very few¿like the `wooden box¿ technique¿have been successfully used to select parental genotypes exhibiting different mechanisms of drought tolerance. Field and pot testing of these genotypes demonstrated a close correspondence between drought tolerance at seedling and reproductive stages. Some researchers selected a variety of candidate genes and used differential screening methods to identify cDNAs from genes that may underlie different drought tolerance pathways in cowpea. Reverse genetic analysis still needs to be done to confirm the functions of these genes in cowpea. Understanding the genetics of drought tolerance and identification of DNA markers linked to QTLs, with a clear path towards localizing chromosomal regions or candidate genes involved in drought tolerance will help cowpea breeders to develop improved varieties that combine drought tolerance with other desired traits using marker assisted selection

DroughtScape- Winter 2018

CONTENTS Year in review: Drought eased in California, developed in Northern Plains......... 2 Quarterly Summary: Drought creeps across the country.............. 3 Annual impact summary: A year of wildfires.......... 4 Quarterly impact summary: Drought expands in Texas, Colorado............ 6 Drought and water crisis book updated............... 8 U.S. Drought Monitor available in Spanish........... 9 Study shows cities step up when drought occurs............... 10 New staff at the NDMC............. 11 Drought Summit in photos.............. 1

DroughtScape- Fall 2011

Drought Preparedness Community Options Drought Likely to Persist, Intensify Across South Database Will Help Planners Find Options Impacts: Ag Losses, Fire, Water Restrictions NDMC Welcomes International Visitors New Drought Impact Reporter Online Sim-Drought, Available Now at Select Agencie

Direct and indirect selection on flowering time, water-use efficiency (WUE, δ (13)C), and WUE plasticity to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Flowering time and water-use efficiency (WUE) are two ecological traits that are important for plant drought response. To understand the evolutionary significance of natural genetic variation in flowering time, WUE, and WUE plasticity to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana, we addressed the following questions: (1) How are ecophysiological traits genetically correlated within and between different soil moisture environments? (2) Does terminal drought select for early flowering and drought escape? (3) Is WUE plasticity to drought adaptive and/or costly? We measured a suite of ecophysiological and reproductive traits on 234 spring flowering accessions of A. thaliana grown in well-watered and season-ending soil drying treatments, and quantified patterns of genetic variation, correlation, and selection within each treatment. WUE and flowering time were consistently positively genetically correlated. WUE was correlated with WUE plasticity, but the direction changed between treatments. Selection generally favored early flowering and low WUE, with drought favoring earlier flowering significantly more than well-watered conditions. Selection for lower WUE was marginally stronger under drought. There were no net fitness costs of WUE plasticity. WUE plasticity (per se) was globally neutral, but locally favored under drought. Strong genetic correlation between WUE and flowering time may facilitate the evolution of drought escape, or constrain independent evolution of these traits. Terminal drought favored drought escape in these spring flowering accessions of A. thaliana. WUE plasticity may be favored over completely fixed development in environments with periodic drought