Federalism, Subsidiarity, and the Role of Local Governments in an Age of Global Multilevel Governance

This article argues that current legal and political systems are incapable of dealing with human conflicts on multiple spheres (federal, state, local) simultaneously. The two dominant political theories that are supposed to solve this problem - federalism and subsidiarity, are inadequate. This article then argues that federalism and subsidiarity must be understood as distinct from one another, and subsidiarity is a better fit for the task of articulating multi-level governance, even if only as a tool for loosening the grip of federalism over our political and legal theory

Dominant Superconducting Fluctuations in the One-Dimensional Extended Holstein-Extended Hubbard model

The search for realistic one-dimensional (1D) models that exhibit dominant superconducting (SC) fluctuations effects has a long history. In these 1D systems, the effects of commensurate band fillings--strongest at half-filling--and electronic repulsions typically lead to a finite charge gap and the favoring of insulating density wave ordering over superconductivity. Accordingly, recent proposals suggesting a gapless metallic state in the Holstein-Hubbard (HH) model, possibly superconducting, have generated considerable interest and controversy, with the most recent work demonstrating that the putative dominant superconducting state likely does not exist. In this paper we study a model with non-local electron-phonon interactions, in addition to electron-electron interactions, this model unambiguously possesses dominant superconducting fluctuations at half filling in a large region of parameter space. Using both the numerical multi-scale functional renormalization group for the full model and an analytic conventional renormalization group for a bosonized version of the model, we demonstrate the existence of dominant superconducting (SC) fluctuations. These dominant SC fluctuations arise because the spin-charge coupling at high energy is weakened by the non-local electron-phonon interaction and the charge gap is destroyed by the resultant suppression of the Umklapp process. The existence of the dominant SC pairing instability in this half-filled 1D system suggests that non-local boson-mediated interactions may be important in the superconductivity observed in the organic superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

UDRF: Multi-resource Fairness for Complex Jobs with Placement Constraints

In this paper, we study the problem of multi- resource fairness in systems running complex jobs that consist of multiple interconnected tasks. A job is considered finished when all its corresponding tasks have been executed in the system. Tasks can have different resource requirements. Because of special demands on particular hardware or software, tasks may have placement constraints limiting the type of machines they can run on. We develop User-Dependence Dominant Resource Fairness (UDRF), a generalized version of max-min fairness that combines graph theory and the notion of dominant re- source shares to ensure multi-resource fairness between complex workflows. UDRF satisfies several desirable properties including strategy proofness, which ensures that users do not benefit from misreporting their true resource demands. We propose an offline algorithm that computes optimal UDRF allocation. But optimality comes at a cost, especially for systems where schedulers need to make thousands of online scheduling decisions per second. Therefore, we develop a lightweight online algorithm that closely approximates UDRF. Besides that, we propose a simple mechanism to decentralize the UDRF scheduling process across multiple schedulers. Large-scale simulations driven by Google cluster-usage traces show that UDRF achieves better resource utilization and throughput compared to the current state-of-the-art in fair resource allocation

The Galactic black hole transient H1743-322 during outburst decay: connections between timing noise, state transitions and radio emission

Multi-wavelength observations of Galactic black hole transients during outburst decay are instrumental for our understanding of the accretion geometry and the formation of outflows around black hole systems. H1743-322, a black hole transient observed intensely in X-rays and also covered in the radio band during its 2003 decay, provides clues about the changes in accretion geometry during state transitions and also the general properties of X-ray emission during the intermediate and the low-hard states. In this work, we report on the evolution of spectral and temporal properties in X-rays and the flux in the radio band with the goal of understanding the nature of state transitions observed in this source. We concentrate on the transition from the thermal dominant state to the intermediate state that occurs on a timescale of one day. We show that the state transition is associated with a sudden increase in power-law flux. We determine that the ratio of the power-law flux to the overall flux in the 3--25 keV band must exceed 0.6 to observe strong timing noise. Even after the state transition, once this ratio was below 0.6, the system transited back to the thermal dominant state for a day. We show that the emission from the compact radio core does not turn on during the transition from the thermal dominant state to the intermediate state but does turn on when the source reaches the low-hard state, as seen in 4U 1543-47 and GX 339-4. We find that the photon index correlates strongly with the QPO frequency and anti-correlates with the rms amplitude of variability. We also show that the variability is more likely to be associated with the power-law emission than the disk emission.Comment: 23 pages, 5 Figures, 1 Table, accepted for publication in Ap

Simultaneous estimation of multiple eigenvalues with short-depth quantum circuit on early fault-tolerant quantum computers

We introduce a multi-modal, multi-level quantum complex exponential least squares (MM-QCELS) method to simultaneously estimate multiple eigenvalues of a quantum Hamiltonian. The circuit depth and the total cost exhibit Heisenberg-limited scaling. The quantum circuit uses one ancilla qubit, and under suitable initial state conditions, the circuit depth can be much shorter than that of quantum phase estimation (QPE) type circuits. As a result, this method is well-suited for early fault-tolerant quantum computers. Our approach extends and refines the quantum complex exponential least squares (QCELS) method, recently developed for estimating a single dominant eigenvalue [Ding and Lin, arXiv:2211.11973]. Our theoretical analysis for estimating multiple eigenvalues also tightens the bound for single dominant eigenvalue estimation. Numerical results suggest that compared to QPE, the circuit depth can be reduced by around two orders of magnitude under several settings for estimating ground-state and excited-state energies of certain quantum systems