273,585 research outputs found
MITO measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in the Coma cluster of galaxies
We have measured the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect towards the Coma cluster
(A1656) with the MITO experiment, a 2.6-m telescope equipped with a 4-channel
17 arcminute (FWHM) photometer. Measurements at frequency bands 143+/-15,
214+/-15, 272+/-16 and 353+/-13 GHz, were made during 120 drift scans of Coma.
We describe the observations and data analysis that involved extraction of the
S-Z signal by employing a spatial and spectral de-correlation scheme to remove
a dominant atmospheric component. The deduced values of the thermal S-Z effect
in the first three bands are DT_{0} = -179+/-38,-33+/-81,170+/-35 microKelvin
in the cluster center. The corresponding optical depth, tau=(4.1+/-0.9)
10^{-3}, is consistent (within errors) with both the value from a previous low
frequency S-Z measurement, and the value predicted from the X-ray deduced gas
parameters.Comment: Ap.J.Letters accepted, 4 pages, 2 figure
Black Hole Superradiance in Dynamical Spacetime
We study the superradiant scattering of gravitational waves by a nearly
extremal black hole (dimensionless spin ) by numerically solving the
full Einstein field equations, thus including backreaction effects. This allows
us to study the dynamics of the black hole as it loses energy and angular
momentum during the scattering process. To explore the nonlinear phase of the
interaction, we consider gravitational wave packets with initial energies up to
of the mass of the black hole. We find that as the incident wave energy
increases, the amplification of the scattered waves, as well as the energy
extraction efficiency from the black hole, is reduced. During the interaction
the apparent horizon geometry undergoes sizable nonaxisymmetric oscillations.
The largest amplitude excitations occur when the peak frequency of the incident
wave packet is above where superradiance occurs, but close to the dominant
quasinormal mode frequency of the black hole.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; revised to match PRD versio
Classification of Javanese Script Hanacara Voice Using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient MFCC and Selection of Dominant Weight Features
This study investigates the sound of Hanacaraka in Javanese to select the best frame feature in checking the reading sound. Selection of the right frame feature is needed in speech recognition because certain frames have accuracy at their dominant weight, so it is necessary to match frames with the best accuracy. Common and widely used feature extraction models include the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC). The MFCC method has an accuracy of 50% to 60%. This research uses MFCC and the selection of Dominant Weight features for the Javanese language script sound Hanacaraka which produces a frame and cepstral coefficient as feature extraction. The use of the cepstral coefficient ranges from 0 to 23 or as many as 24 cepstral coefficients. In comparison, the captured frame consists of 0 to 10 frames or consists of eleven frames. A sound sampling of 300 recorded voice sampling was tested on 300 voice recordings of both male and female voice recordings. The frequency used is 44,100 kHz 16-bit stereo. The accuracy results show that the MFCC method with the ninth frame selection has a higher accuracy rate of 86% than other frames.This study investigates the sound of Hanacaraka in Javanese to select the best frame feature in checking the reading sound. Selection of the right frame feature is needed in speech recognition because certain frames have accuracy at their dominant weight, so it is necessary to match frames with the best accuracy. Common and widely used feature extraction models include the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC). The MFCC method has an accuracy of 50% to 60%. This research uses MFCC and the selection of Dominant Weight features for the Javanese language script sound Hanacaraka which produces a frame and cepstral coefficient as feature extraction. The use of the cepstral coefficient ranges from 0 to 23 or as many as 24 cepstral coefficients. In comparison, the captured frame consists of 0 to 10 frames or consists of eleven frames. A sound sampling of 300 recorded voice sampling was tested on 300 voice recordings of both male and female voice recordings. The frequency used is 44,100 kHz 16-bit stereo. The accuracy results show that the MFCC method with the ninth frame selection has a higher accuracy rate of 86% than other frames
Extracting the time-dependent transmission rate from infection data via solution of an inverse ODE problem
The transmission rate of many acute infectious diseases varies significantly in time, but the underlying mechanisms are usually uncertain. They may include seasonal changes in the environment, contact rate, immune system response, etc. The transmission rate has been thought difficult to measure directly. We present a new algorithm to compute the time-dependent transmission rate directly from prevalence data, which makes no assumptions about the number of susceptible or vital rates. The algorithm follows our complete and explicit solution of a mathematical inverse problem for SIR-type transmission models. We prove that almost any infection profile can be perfectly fitted by an SIR model with variable transmission rate. This clearly shows a serious danger of overfitting such transmission models. We illustrate the algorithm with historic UK measles data and our observations support the common belief that measles transmission was predominantly driven by school contacts
Torsional vibration energy harvesting through transverse vibrations of a passively tuned beam
The paper highlights the potential of harvesting vibration energy from mechanical systems in the form of electrical power to activate remote electronic devices. The principal idea is based upon the resonant response of a lightweight oscillator subjected to applied external excitation, coupled with an electrodynamic transducer (e.g. piezoelectric material, inductive coils). As far as the mechanical system is concerned, the aim is to maximize the harvested energy when an attachment vibrates with relatively high amplitudes. This means that the system natural frequency should be close to the expected dominant frequency of the applied (host) vibrations. However, in practice the dominant vibration frequency varies either within a limited range due to system uncertainties or across a large band due to the fundamental operation of the host structure, such as in rotational power transmission systems with speed variations. Recently, the introduction of nonlinearities has been proposed in order to compensate for small-scale frequency shifts. Nevertheless, in most cases one cannot fully bypass the necessary tuning effects, attributed to linear stiffness components in system dynamics. In this paper, a rotational vibration energy harvester is outlined, based upon
a beam attachment, coupled with an electromagnetic transducer. The stiffening effect due to centrifugal action is utilized in order to passively tune the attachment to the dominant frequency of the rotational host structure. A reduced order model of the
harvester is presented and its power extraction potential is assessed
Decoding mode-mixing in black-hole merger ringdown
Optimal extraction of information from gravitational-wave observations of
binary black-hole coalescences requires detailed knowledge of the waveforms.
Current approaches for representing waveform information are based on
spin-weighted spherical harmonic decomposition. Higher-order harmonic modes
carrying a few percent of the total power output near merger can supply
information critical to determining intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the
binary. One obstacle to constructing a full multi-mode template of merger
waveforms is the apparently complicated behavior of some of these modes;
instead of settling down to a simple quasinormal frequency with decaying
amplitude, some modes show periodic bumps characteristic of
mode-mixing. We analyze the strongest of these modes -- the anomalous
harmonic mode -- measured in a set of binary black-hole merger waveform
simulations, and show that to leading order, they are due to a mismatch between
the spherical harmonic basis used for extraction in 3D numerical relativity
simulations, and the spheroidal harmonics adapted to the perturbation theory of
Kerr black holes. Other causes of mode-mixing arising from gauge ambiguities
and physical properties of the quasinormal ringdown modes are also considered
and found to be small for the waveforms studied here.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; new version has improved Figs. 1-3,
consistent labelling of simulations between Tables I & II,
additional/corrected references, and extra hyphen
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