2,022 research outputs found

    Systems of Innovation

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    We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, reviewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three "founding fathers" of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature.national innovation systems, innovation policy

    Systems of innovation

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    We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, reviewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three “founding fathers†of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature.

    Market and price decision enhancement services for farmers in Uganda

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    Market and price decision enhancement services for farmers in Uganda

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    The effects of the EU’s legislative framework on circular economy implementation in firms operating in different EU markets : The case of Germany and the Netherlands.

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    The consumerism has skyrocketed globally during the past century leading to the disastrous depletion of natural resources. The latter raised the understanding of and the need to shift toward a more sustainable and long-term oriented economy. As a response to these needs, the European Union implemented the new Circular Economy Action Plan in 2020, which includes many different legislative actions meant to enable a circular economic (CE) system, including more responsible production and consumption. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the EU legislative framework for circular economy is influencing firms and their intentions to adopt CE in different EU markets. The legislative measures address various industries. Because the food industry is considered among the most wasteful industries, the thesis analyzes the EU regulatory influences on companies operating in the food industry. The study is framed within the assumptions of the institutional theory and explores the EU regulatory influences on the implementation of CE through the institutional pressure concept. The research adopts a qualitative research approach with a case study strategy. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews and supported by secondary data about six different companies operating in Germany and the Netherlands. The results of this study suggest that the EU legislative framework on CE implementation influences firms in the food industry but with varying extent. The mandatory EU regulations are more influential than recommendations and are seen as important even without their direct adoption in the national regulatory framework. However, the study discovers that the influence of informal institutions, such as the food industry, consumer demands, and NGOs, are of equal if not higher importance in the eyes of the companies when considering company intentions to shift towards circularity. The latter finding suggests that national and supra-national regulatory institutions can have a direct influence on the companies, however, when assessing the impact of institutional isomorphism, the interactions of formal and informal institutions should be assessed simultaneously

    Urban food strategies in Central and Eastern Europe: what's specific and what's at stake?

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    Integrating a larger set of instruments into Rural Development Programmes implied an increasing focus on monitoring and evaluation. Against the highly diversified experience with regard to implementation of policy instruments the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework has been set up by the EU Commission as a strategic and streamlined method of evaluating programmes’ impacts. Its indicator-based approach mainly reflects the concept of a linear, measure-based intervention logic that falls short of the true nature of RDP operation and impact capacity on rural changes. Besides the different phases of the policy process, i.e. policy design, delivery and evaluation, the regional context with its specific set of challenges and opportunities seems critical to the understanding and improvement of programme performance. In particular the role of local actors can hardly be grasped by quantitative indicators alone, but has to be addressed by assessing processes of social innovation. This shift in the evaluation focus underpins the need to take account of regional implementation specificities and processes of social innovation as decisive elements for programme performance.

    Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation

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    This paper brings together the recent literature on industry platforms and shows how it relates to managing innovation within and outside the firm as well as to dealing with technological and market disruptions and change over time. First, we identify distinct types of platforms. Our analysis of a wide range of industry examples suggests that there are two predominant types of platforms: internal or company-specific platforms, and external or industry-wide platforms. We define internal (company or product) platforms as a set of assets organized in a common structure from which a company can efficiently develop and produce a stream of derivative products. We define external (industry) platforms as products, services, or technologies that act as a foundation upon which external innovators, organized as an innovative business ecosystem, can develop their own complementary products, technologies, or services. Second, we summarize from the literature general propositions on the design, economics, and strategic management of platforms. Third, we review the case of Intel and other examples to illustrate the range of technological, strategic, and business challenges that platform leaders and their competitors face as markets and technologies evolve. Finally, we identify practices associated with effective platform leadership and avenues for future research to deepen our understanding of this important phenomenon and what firms can do to manage platform-related competition and innovation
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