Alcohol, assault and licensed premises in inner-city areas

This report contains eight linked feasibility studies conducted in Cairns during 2010. These exploratory studies examine the complex challenges of compiling and sharing information about incidents of person-to-person violence in a late night entertainment precinct (LNEP). The challenges were methodological as well as logistical and ethical. The studies look at how information can be usefully shared, while preserving the confidentiality of those involved. They also examine how information can be compiled from routinely collected sources with little or no additional resources, and then shared by the agencies that are providing and using the information.Although the studies are linked, they are also stand-alone and so can be published in peer-reviewed literature. Some have already been published, or are ‘in press’ or have been submitted for review. Others require the NDLERF board’s permission to be published as they include data related more directly to policing, or they include information provided by police.The studies are incorporated into the document under section headings. In each section, they are introduced and then presented in their final draft form. The final published form of each paper, however, is likely to be different from the draft because of journal and reviewer requirements. The content, results and implications of each study are discussed in summaries included in each section.Funded by the National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund, an initiative of the National Drug StrategyAlan R Clough (PhD) School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences James Cook UniversityCharmaine S Hayes-Jonkers (BPsy, BSocSci (Hon1)) James Cook University, Cairns.Edward S Pointing (BPsych) James Cook University, Cairns

Expanding participation in locative media among and about Latinos/as in Austin, Texas

Throughout the last decade, mobile and location-based media has been an emerging subject in a growing and interdisciplinary body of research: ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, urban studies and media studies, and the fusion of the last two: media geography. Until now, studies of locative media have predominantly focused on the experiences of high-end and techy-savvy users. Companies and designers continue to design applications for those who are already familiar with the online world and have the right skills to take fully advantage of GPS-enabled phones. This dissertation shifts this focus to investigate participation in the general use of locative media and, specifically, in the production of locative storytelling by focusing on Latino, low-income and low-end smartphone users. Access to mobile technologies is no longer an issue for this group, as they are heavy users of smartphones. In fact, Latinos/as have been considered the audience of the future in regards to digital media in the United States. Furthemore, Latinos/as are leading the trend in mobile ownership, adopting smartphones at a higher rate than any other demographic group. Despite all this evidence, research about Latinos and locative media is scarce. Within this context, this dissertation addresses the broad question of “how locative media may foster awareness about local history, of unknown or forgotten information, and social events among and about Latinos/as in a place that faces historical spatial segregation.” The goal behind this approach was to investigate how the Latino community that is concentrated in a specific geographical area of Austin is represented spatially to the outside as in Austin, Texas. Hence, this work envisaged bringing outsiders into the reality of Latinos/as living in a historically segregated area mainly to create awareness about the legacy of segregation in Austin. In order to test this approach, two groups of users were selected to practice and reflect on locative media in relation to Latino/as segregated community. The group corresponding to among Latinos (insiders) are resident immigrant Latino parents in Dove Springs – a neighborhood in Southeast Austin. Specifically, this group consists of participants of the digital inclusion program TechComunidad provided by the nonprofit River City Youth Foundation (RCYF) in 2013. The group corresponding to the about Latinos (outsiders) are undergraduate students of “Mapping Latino Culture in East Austin” course, offered by the Radio, Television and Film department at The University of Texas at Austin. A pilot study was conducted with Latinas girls through the non-profit Latinitas. The pilot study generated results and lessons that enriched the research, contributing to reframing this work and also to the body of literature about locative media and storytelling. In regards to participation, it was found that the problem is not smartphone ownership, which had been an issue for earlier locative media projects, but an awareness of their locative capabilities, how to use them, how to gain skills to create content with them, and how to make software easy to use. The findings of this study suggest that there should be more investment in the production of locative content/information, which increases the understanding users have of their locality and enhances their knowledge of the place they live. One recommendation for future empirical research with these communities is to invest in introductory classes on local history and also in fieldtrips in order to increase local knowledge. However, it seems like a romantic idea to think that people will use locative applications solely to learn about the place where they live. In this sense, the findings of this work suggest that locative storytelling applications need to be woven into everyday needs, being integrated into people’s everyday activities, in order to increase their sense of place and belonging.Ao longo da última década, os media móveis baseados em geolocalização têm sido um campo de estudo emergente dentro de um corpo interdisciplinar de pesquisa: computação ubíqua, computação pervasiva, estudos urbanos e estudos de media, ou a fusão dos dois últimos: media geography. No entanto, até ao presente momento, os estudos de medias locativos têm sido centrados predominantemente nas experiências de utilizadores de smartphones experientes e com um largo conhecimento sobre media digitais. As empresas de tecnologia e designers continuam a criar aplicativos para utilizadores que já estão familiarizados com o mundo on-line e já possuidores das habilidades requeridas parar usufruir dos serviços possibilitados por dispositivos móveis digitais incorporados com GPS, como smartphones e tablets. Esta tese desvia a atenção desse segmento de pesquisa para investigar a participação no uso geral dos medias locativos e, especificamente, na produção de narrativa locativa, pela comunidade Latina/hispânica, de baixo rendimento, e utilizadores de smartphones low-end. Diferente do cenário de há cinco anos atrás, o acesso às tecnologias móveis já não é uma limitação para este grupo demográfico, afinal grande parte da população considerada hispânica já é utilizadora de smartphones. Ainda mais significativo, hispânicos têm sido considerados o público do futuro no que diz respeito ao uso de media digitais nos Estados Unidos, em comparação com a população geral desse país. Além disso, hispânicos têm liderado a aquisição de dispositivos móveis, adotando os smartphones a uma velocidade maior do que qualquer outro grupo demográfico. Apesar de todas essas evidências, a investigação académica sobre Latinos e medias locativos é escassa. Dentro deste contexto, esta tese tem como pergunta de investigação: Como os media locativos podem promover a conscientização sobre a história local, de informações desconhecidas ou esquecidas, e factos sociais among (entre) e among (sobre) hispânicos, em um lugar que enfrenta segregação espacial histórica? O objetivo, por trás desta abordagem, é investigar como a comunidade hispânica, concentrada em uma área geográfica específica de Austin, são representadas espacialmente para o seu exterior, em sua localidade. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo empírico trazer residentes de fora desta determinada área geográfica para visitar lugares que tivessem que ver com a realidade cultural e histórica dos hispânicos. Essa área geográfica, a qual me refiro, é historicamente segregada. O propósito desse deslocamento de pessoas foi criar consciência sobre o legado da segregação em Austin. A fim de testar esta abordagem, foram selecionados dois grupos de utilizadores para usarem os medias locativos e refletirem sobre esta nova prática mediática, em relação à comunidade hispânica e o legado gerado pela segregação espacial em Austin. O grupo correspondente ao among (entre) consiste em imigrantes residentes em um bairro localizado no sudeste de Austin. Especificamente, esse grupo é formado por participantes do programa de inclusão digital TechComunidad fornecido no final de 2013 pela organização sem fins lucrativos River City Youth Foundation (RCYF). O grupo que corresponde ao about (outsiders) são de alunos de licenciatura da disciplina "Mapeamento da Cultura Latina no lado Este de Austin", oferecida pelo departamento de Rádio, Televisão e Cinema da Universidade do Texas em Austin. Um estudo piloto também foi realizado com crianças latinas através da organização sem fins lucrativos Latinitas. O estudo piloto gerou resultados e lições que enriqueceram a pesquisa. No que diz respeito à participação, verificou-se que o problema cada vez mais comum não é o acesso ao smartphone, mas sim a posse de conhecimento sobre as próprias capacidades locativas desse dispositivo. Por exemplo, como um utilizado deve usá-lo ao seu próprio favor, como ganhar habilidades para criar conteúdo através do smartphone, e e como usar aplicativos móveis. Os resultados deste presente estudo sugerem que deve haver mais investimento na produção de conteúdo locativo, porque o processo de criar conteúdos locativos aumenta o entendimento dos utilizadores sobre a sua localidade e melhora o seu conhecimento local sobre o lugar em que vivem. Uma recomendação para investigaçōes futuras com essas comunidades menos privilegiadas, é investir em aulas introdutórias sobre a história local e também possibilidar visitas a determinados lugares, a fim de aumentar o conhecimento local do grupo. No entanto, parece ser determinismo tecnológico afirmar que as pessoas vão usar aplicativos locativos apenas para aprender sobre o lugar onde vivem. Neste sentido, as conclusões deste trabalho sugerem que aplicativos móveis focados na narrativa sobre lugares precisam levar em consideracão as necessidades diárias dos utilizadores, visando uma integração às atividades cotidianas dos utilizadores de smartphones

The utility of group narrative therapy to facilitate psychological adjustment in multiple sclerosis

Section A reviews and critically evaluates the empirical literature on psychosocial interventions for multiple sclerosis (MS), the determinants of adjustment to MS, and the theoretical frameworks to account for these. Further, a conceptual and empirical review of the literature on narrative therapy is provided and an argument advanced for the utility of narrative therapy in facilitating adjustment to MS. Possible areas for further research are outlined. Section B describes a feasibility study which aimed to begin to test a theoretical argument for the application of group narrative therapy to facilitate psychosocial adjustment to MS, and to ascertain the feasibility of a larger scale randomised controlled trial. Fourteen MS patients received 8 weekly sessions of group narrative therapy delivered at two sites in England. Quality of life, coping processes, and illness representations were assessed at two time points prior to the intervention and immediately after the intervention, and analysed using Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs tests. Additional qualitative measures were taken and analysed using content analysis. The feasibility of a larger scale study was, in part, assessed by means of semi-structured interviews with health professionals involved in the study, and analysed using thematic analysis. Although none of the findings reached statistical significance upon correcting for multiple comparisons, positive trends were revealed for the mental health component of quality of life, confrontive coping, and the consequences component of illness representations. With respect to the feasibility of this study, several issues pertaining to recruitment and data collection emerged from the data that can inform future research. Taken together, the results of this pilot study are promising and warrant further investigation using a sufficiently large sample. Section C provides a reflection on the skills and abilities developed and learning needs identified whilst undertaking the research. It further offers a critical reflection on the study‟s methodology and the potential implications for clinical practice. Further potential lines of enquiry are outlined

An analysis of the involvement of community nurses in clinical governance

This research arose from concerns related to the increasing requirement that members of the nursing profession identify, name and measure the parts of nursing and the care provided for clients groups. The study is set within the context ofthe government led reforms of NHS management during the period 1983-2000. Specifically, this research developed from experiences gained from working with nurses as they were involved in setting standards, conducting clinical audit and using evidence based practice (EBP). I questioned what the nurses were actually doing, how they were doing this, what was being gained or lost for the nurses involved, for the patient and, ultimately, the profession. Specifically, this research seeks to explore the involvement of nurses in the clinical governance agenda and to address how they are conceptualising this in practice.The development of a quality agenda in health care has, over a period of two decades, increased to represent the interests and concerns ofthe health professions, managers and client groups. Consequently this period saw a proliferation of quality philosophies, systems and methods, although there was little apparent integration between them. Throughout this period, the nursing profession played an active role with nurses involved in leading projects through to those participating in projects within the clinical setting. A considerable body of literature has been produced associated with these developments, although there has been comparatively little research conducted on any aspect of the quality agenda. This is all the more surprising given the considerable investment, oftime and people, which has been associated with these initiatives. Interestingly, this absence of research mirrors the position in the private sector (Cole and Scott, 2000).The recent introduction of clinical governance has, once again, placed the issue of health care quality at the centre ofthe management and clinical agenda. In this 10 both organisations. The participants were all directly engaged in the development of clinical governance, with many district nurses indicating a history of involvement in related projects stretching over a number of years. Specifically, respondents were involved in many ofthe aspects of clinical governance identified by the initial policy publications (DoH, 1998; Scottish Office, 1998). Included within this was responsibility for leading the development of clinical governance within a community setting, managing projects including clinical audit and clinical effectiveness, involvement in risk management activities and, facilitating the involvement of other community nursing staff in these initiatives. In one instance, a district nurse indicated she had little knowledge ofthese developments. In fact this perception resulted from uncertainty arising from the terminology as she was indeed involved with aspects ofthe agenda. In practice the level of involvement in these clinical governance activities was varied, presenting a continuum, with at one end support nurses dedicating the majority oftheir time to the agenda, and at the other staff nurses having a limited involvement in clinical governance projects

The influence of locative media on social information sharing: a review

Mobile phones and social media enable people to share information with others whenever they want, wherever they want. More recent developments allow people to augment their sharing experience by geo-tagging their information through GPS enabled phones. These 'locative media' can be used to facilitate navigation, way finding or to obtain information about a physical place or object. Other services let the users tag, rate public spaces and recommend them to other people. Furthermore, people can tell their stories by attaching their own context to a physical location. This report is a literature review in the field of locative media. In order to get a complete overview of the research that is done on location-based social networking, the most recent developments in the field are investigated. We also look at research methods used to test the user experience of this type of social media systems. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of location based media on the sharing habits and social practices of the users of these systems. The conclusions of this exploration in the field of locative media research lead to design guidelines and research methods that will be used in a user evaluation of a system for location based smart photo sharing

Developing new work based learning pathways for housing practitioners whilst participating peripherally and legitimately: The situated learning of work based learning tutors

This paper discusses the experiences of two work based learning tutors at the University of Chester in the context of developing work based learning for housing practitioners

Our Museum Special Initiative: An Evaluation

Our Museum: Communities and Museums as Active Partners was a Paul Hamlyn Foundation Special Initiative 2012 – 2016. The overall aim was to influence the museum and gallery sector to:* Place community needs, values and active collaboration at the core of museum and gallery work* Involve communities and individuals in decision-making processes* Ensure that museums and galleries play an effective role in developing community skills and the skills of staff in working with communitiesThis was to be done through facilitation of organisational change in specific museums and galleries already committed to active partnership with communities.Our Museum offered a collaborative learning process through which institutions and communities shared experiences and learned from each other as critical friends. Our Museum took place at a difficult and challenging time for both museums and their community partners. Financial austerity led to major cutbacks in public sector expenditure; a search for new business models; growing competition for funding; and organisational uncertainty and staff volatility. At the same time, the debate at the heart of Our Museum widened and intensified: what should the purpose of longestablished cultural institutions be in the 21st century; how do they maintain relevance and resonance in the contemporary world; how can they best serve their communities; can they, and should they, promote cultural democracy

An exploration of midwives' experiences and practice in relation to the assessment of maternal postnatal genital tract health

Over the past 15 years the focus of postnatal care has changed. Contemporary professional guidance no longer directs midwives to undertake specific assessment tasks in relation to women’s genital tract, but advocates an holistic and individualised approach. However more recently some concern has been expressed within the professional literature that women’s physical needs may be overlooked. It is unclear how midwives decide upon their approach to maternal genital tract assessment, the involvement of women in this process, what assessment methods they use and the factors that influence this clinical reasoning process. A constructionist grounded theory methodology was employed to guide the research design and processes, including analysis of the data, the use of theoretical sampling to evolve the emerging research categories and the construction of a grounded theory. Ethical approval was gained from the regional research ethics committee and the research and development committee at the data collection site. Sampling was purposeful and data was collected using narrative style in depth interviews involving fourteen midwives and observations of fifteen postnatal assessments involving five midwives and fifteen postnatal women. Three themes were identified from the data and form the framework of the constructed grounded theory; they are Methods, Motivators and Modifiers. Within each theme are a number of categories and focused codes. The Methods theme summarises a range of assessment methods used by the midwives, including risk assessment, questioning and clinical observations. The Motivators theme incorporates factors which motivated how, when and why the midwives undertook genital tract assessment and includes verification, personal preferences and sensitive care. The Modifiers theme consists of factors and contexts, which facilitated or inhibited the midwives’ ability to negotiate an appropriate approach to assessment and includes the categories therapeutic relationship, care in context and evolving midwifery knowledge. The findings of this study suggest that the midwives are aware of a range of assessment methods, however there was less articulation or demonstration of methods pertaining to assessment of uterine health. The motivating and modifying factors highlight midwife, woman and contextual factors, which may enhance and inhibit the midwives clinical reasoning process. The complexity of contemporary midwifery practice is illuminated as these factors conflict and create practice tensions and contradictions for the midwives. There was limited evidence that the midwives involved women in deciding the approach to genital tract assessment. Implications include the need to ensure midwives have the knowledge regarding uterine health and the skills and affective abilities to engage women in health assessments and practice effectively within the complexity of contemporary practice

Discharging democratic accountability: The role of strategy and performance information in local authority Health and Wellbeing Boards

The Health and Social Care Act (2012) required the creation of Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) to provide strategic leadership for health outcomes for localities across England. It was suggested that HWBs would enhance democratic accountability and provide a forum for key leaders to come together from across the health and social care systems. This research explores the extent to which HWBs have, or have not, enhanced democratic accountability through the use of strategic planning and performance information. The study is informed by a total of 39 interviews with experts and members of two HWBs and has resulted in the following key conclusions: wUnderstanding of what is meant by democratic accountability was variable across the interviewees. Many interviewees felt that their key obligation was directly to their local public rather than being held accountable through the political process. The low level of public engagement with HWBs also suggests that democratic accountability is indirect and limited. w Many members of the HWBs also recognised that they felt they had multiple accountabilities. There appeared to be a tension between an interviewee’s perceived accountability for local health outcomes as a member of the HWB and their accountability for their own organisation’s operations in long-established accountability relationships. For instance interviewees representing organisations operating within the health service have long been accountable to NHS England and the Department of Health. wHWBs have been required to develop a Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategy, but doing so effectively has proved challenging. Our evidence suggests that important lessons have been learnt about the potential scope of HWBs as reflected in their strategy. Our interviewees point to how there has been a need to ‘refresh’ strategies and to reduce the number and scope of priorities. In particular emphasis has shifted to priorities where there is the potential for joint working from the different members of the HWBs. wWe find that there is some level of agreement that, whilst the use of performance information in our two HWBs has been limited, it may become more important into the future. It is suggested that performance information accompanied by associated narratives could be used as a way to further improve the work plans and structure of HWB meetings. wHWBs are strengthened by the developing relationships between the key leaders from across the health and social care systems. Their potential to improve health outcomes, however, is inhibited by a lack of financial and human resources and a lack of integration and system leadership. Policy initiatives such as sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs) also contribute to uncertainty that can hinder the progress of HWBs