Population Control in Japan: An Economic Theory and Its Application

Information technology (IT) have for several decades been used in university education. An increasing number of classrooms today are built around a concept which uses IT in collaboration with the room itself. However, little is known about the experience of university teachers when working in such classrooms. This study examines the views and opinions of teachers at a Swedish university regarding using and interacting with these classrooms. Furthermore, we identify possible underlying factors that influence these views. Using data from qualitative interviews we apply Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Activity theory (AT) used in both education and human computer interaction to identify how different factors interact to form these opinions. Our study finds that teachers experience a lack of proper training in the use of classrooms as a concept and tend to stay in established norms of how education is to be conducted. These results leads to questions whether education in the use of these classrooms is adequate for teachers or if education needs to focus more on outcomes of the concept and changing established norms rather than to focus on the use of technology. Our study also shows that teachers do not view the classrooms as a whole where artefacts enable and form each other. Rather they view the physical room, the technology and themselves as separate entities that operate separately from each other

Population trends and policy alternatives in Latin America

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Preglimony

Unmarried lovers who conceive are strangers in the eyes of the law. If the woman terminates the pregnancy, the man owes her nothing. If she takes the pregnancy to term, the man\u27s obligation to support her is limited. The law reflects this lovers-as-strangers presumption by making a man\u27s obligation towards a woman with whom he conceives derivative of his paternity-related obligations; his duty is towards his child, not towards the woman in her own right. Thus, a pregnant woman\u27s lost wages and other personal costs are her private problem, and if there is no child at the end of the pregnancy, there is no one----from a legal perspective----that the man must support. The law also endorses this lovers-as-strangers default in the way in which it treats men who do support their pregnant lovers. It does this through the tax code. Current tax law likely regards payments between unmarried lovers as gifts or as child support. This characterization not only misses the mark descriptively, it also misses an opportunity to reward and encourage a behavior that is critically important in an age when sex and procreation outside of marriage are common. This Article argues that the law should develop a new framework for addressing the unique relationship between unmarried lovers who conceive and that tax reform offers a practical and relatively modest first step for doing so. To this end, it proposes that Congress create a pregnancy-support deduction to benefit taxpayers who already support pregnant women, thereby extending to them the same deduction we now give taxpayers who pay alimony

Demographic Determinants And Challenges To Social Protection For Maternity In Bulgaria

The starting point of this study is the understanding of maternity as a condition related to the biological and social function of women for the reproduction of human race, performed by the mother with the birth and upbringing of children in early childhood and to acquire the ability for economically independent living alone or together - in the family or the parents’ household. Placed on this basis, the issue of social protection in maternity becomes extremely relevant in the context of demographic and socio-economic challenges to the development of modern society. The study attempts to substantiate the thesis that the system of social payments for pregnancy, childbirth and child-rearing has unused potential to become a working tool of demographic policy with a significant contribution to improving the demographic profile of the Bulgarian population, in connection with which ideas are presented about the possibilities for their organisational development and improvement

Access or Exclusion? An Analysis of State Reproductive Rights and Comprehensive Sex Education

In 2009, Colorado successfully decreased their abortion rate among minors and at-risk teenagers through a privately-funded trial. This outcome was realized by offering affordable, accessible, and comprehensive reproductive healthcare options, specifically long-acting reversible contraception, to young women. Reproductive rights is an issue at the forefront of political discussion, often a determining factor for party identification. The controversy of reproductive rights--in particular, abortion--leads to a higher reliance on hear-say, instead of peer-reviewed literature, statistics, and legislation. In order to gain a well-balanced understanding of abortion politics, I compare three Midwestern states--Illinois, Indiana, and Minnesota--to determine their respective policy successes and shortcomings. I examine each state\u27 s abortion related policies including sex education and contraception access in order to determine how these factors affect the abortion rate. Determining what factors work in each state, and whether that is a pattern among the states, guides my proposed policy reforms. The purpose of this exploration is to encourage and promote the significance of women\u27s health education--specifically, reproductive rights. Considering the majority of information portrayed regarding sexual health occurs at a high school level age, there is a more structured focus on the abortion rate of minors. Access to information and birth control, coupled with mandated comprehensive sex education in schools, are key to re-shaping America\u27s current, complex state of healthcare. Change needs to be inspired, and that is the purpose of this thesis: to improve women\u27s reproductive healthcare system; lower abortion rates would simply be an added benefit

Status of Girls in Illinois

CURL formed a partnership with Women and Girls' Collective Action Network and Chicago Girls' Coalition to conduct a secondary data analysis to determine how young women and girls are faring in Illinois. This project aims to provide statistical evidence that will inform on the issues, needs, and solutions required to ensure the healthy development of all young women and girls in Illinois

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate discontinuation after weight gain in 17-19 year old adolescent girls

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a long acting progesterone only contraceptive agent. Side effects such as irregular bleeding patterns and weight gain are attributed to discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to describe depot medroxyprogesterone acetate discontinuation after weight gain in 17 to 19 year-old adolescent girls

Market potential of folate biofortified rice in China

Within the scope of biofortification as a tool to improve human nutrition, folate biofortified rice (FBR) was recently developed to reduce folate deficiency and its adverse health outcomes, among which neural-tube defects. In spite of its consumer benefits, the use of biotechnology in such food products remains controversial. This thesis evaluates ex-ante the market potential of FBR in China and Shanxi Province, a poor, rural and high-risk region. Three lines of inquiry were investigated. At micro-level, FBR acceptance was examined through a consumer survey in Shanxi (N=944), while experimental auctions were organized to elicit women’s willingness-to-pay for FBR (N=252). At macro-level, the potential health impacts and cost-effectiveness of FBR were assessed by applying the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) framework. Both consumer studies demonstrate the market potential of GM crops with consumer benefits in high-risk regions. Shanxi consumers are generally accepting FBR (62.2 %) and are even prepared to pay 33.7 % more than for regular rice. The health impact study further supports FBR as a valuable micronutrient intervention in China. Through its implementation, FBR could save between 62 863 and 188 508 DALYs per year. Moreover, it could be a highly cost-effective health intervention, with an estimated cost between US$21.4 and US$ 64.2 per DALY saved. This PhD thesis provides an important basis for stakeholders in the fields of GM (biofortified) food research, development and commercialization, health prevention and intervention planning, such as the reduction of birth defects

We Have a Plan: Feminist Plan to Combat Male Violence Against Women and Gender-Based Violence

Non Una Meno is an Italian trans-feminist, intersectional, anti-racist, anti-fascist, anti-capitalist political movement, independent of any party, which aims at the radical transformation of society starting from the fight against male and gender violence and against social hierarchies.  It emerged in Italy in 2016 in the wake of the Argentine movement, Ni Una Menos, that campaigns against gender-based violence in all its forms. As an anti-systemic movement, it seeks to dictate a new political agenda to counter attacks from the increasingly numerous neo-conservative governments and neoliberal economic policies that exploit and marginalize people within and between countries. It claims the right of women to decide about their bodies, opposing all those reactionary logics that try to impose gender roles. It argues against sexual violence and femicides, and is opposed to all those forces of government ready to exploit violence against women to justify racist and security policies. It fights against economic violence, the blackmail of precarious work or a residence permit, which have women and migrants as an easy target. It​ intends to subvert power relations that generate harassment, violence, racism and economic and social inequalities. It has a plan and it will not stop until it is realised. This is its English translation