305 research outputs found

    Growth of ICT and ICT for Development: Realities of the Myths of the Indian Experience

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    ICT, growth, development, India, software exports

    Case Study of South Koreas Digital Service Sector

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    학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제통상전공), 2023. 2. 김종섭.The digital transformation brought significant impacts on international trade. Access to digitalization and new technologies lowered barriers to entry in global markets, contributing to higher trade competitiveness. Digitalization has reshaped how trade is conducted by changing the nature of its transaction. Digital trade is now a salient feature in international trade, and the digital service sector shows prominent growth across the globe by fostering technological innovation and economic development. Countries with active participation in digital trade translate into having an international competitive advantage. The following paper aims to define what digital trade is and empirically analyze competitiveness in digital service sectors of 28 OECD member states from 2010 to 2020 using Balassas Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and Michael Porters diamond model to explain the surge in digital trade. To classify digital services within the commercial service sector, this paper utilizes EBPOS 2010 statistics to categorize digital trade into ICT-enabled services and other potentially ICT-enabled services. Looking at the empirical results, the paper shows a consistent RCA index in service sectors or goods commodities for certain countries while some countries go through unprecedented changes from having a comparative advantage in other service sectors to digital service sectors. Thus, this paper will analyze countries with the highest Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index in the digital service sector and apply Porters diamond model to explain the reasons behind the sudden growth in digital trade.디지털 전환은 국제 무역에 상당한 영향을 미쳤다. 디지털화와 신기술에 대한 접근성은 무역 경쟁력을 높이는 데 기여하여 세계 시장에서의 진입 장벽을 낮췄다. 디지털화는 거래의 "성질"을 바꿈으로써 무역이 이루어지는 방식을 변화시켰다. 디지털 무역은 이제 국제 무역에서 두드러진 특징이며, 디지털 서비스 부문은 기술 혁신과 경제 발전을 촉진함으로써 전 세계적으로 빠른 성장을 보이고 있다. 디지털 무역에 적극적으로 참여하는 국가는 국제적인 경쟁 우위를 갖는 것으로 해석된다. 다음 논문은 디지털 무역의 급증을 설명하기 위해 Balassa의 현시비교우위지수 (RCA)와 Michael Porter의 다이아몬드 모델을 이용하여 2010년부터 2020년까지 OECD 28개 회원국의 디지털 서비스 경쟁력을 실증연구 방법론과 질적연구 방법론으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 상용 서비스 분야 내에서 디지털 서비스를 분류하기 위해 EBPOS 2010 통계를 활용하여 디지털 서비스를 ICT 지원 서비스와 기타 잠재적인 ICT 지원 서비스로 분류한다. 실증분석 결과를 살펴보면, 본 논문은 일부 국가가 다른 서비스 분야에서 디지털 서비스 분야로 비교우위를 갖는 것에서 전례 없는 변화를 겪은 반면, 특정 국가에 대한 서비스 분야 또는 상품 분야에서 일관된 RCA 지수를 보여주고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 디지털 서비스 분야에서 가장 높은 RCA 지수를 보유한 국가들 중 한국의 디지털 서비스 분야의 사례를 분석하고 포터의 다이아몬드 모델을 적용하여 디지털 무역이 급성장하는 이유를 질적연구 방법론을 이용하여 설명하고자 한다.CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 4 1. Study Background 4 1-1. Empirical Definition of Digital Trade 7 1-2. Modes of Supply in Digital Service 12 1-3. Challenges in Data Gaps and Measurement 14 2. Motivation 15 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 17 1. Revealed Comparative Advantage Index 17 2. Michael Porters Diamond Model 20 3. Application of Literature Review 28 CHAPTER III. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 30 1. General Trend of RCA Index Calculation 48 2. Case Study of Israel 51 3. Case Study of U.S 53 4. Case Study of Japan 55 5. Countries with Notable Changes in Digital Service Sectors 57 CHAPTER IV. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS USING DIAMOND MODEL 60 1. Analysis of South Koreas Information Service Sector 61 2. Analysis of South Koreas Audiovisual Service Sector 70 3. Implications 82 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 91석

    Digital Towns

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    This open access book explores the digital transformation of small and rural towns, in particular, how to measure the evolution and development of digital towns. In addition to access to resources, competition from urban and global markets, and population trends, rural communities present lesser access and use of digital technologies and have lower digital competencies and skills than their urban counterparts. Consequently, they experience less beneficial outcomes from increased digitalisation than urban areas. This book defines what a digital town is and explores digitalisation from the perspective of the four basic economic sectors in towns - individuals and households, businesses, the public sector, and civil society - and three types of enabling infrastructure - digital connectivity, education, and governance. Particular attention is paid to how digitalisation efforts are measured by intergovernmental and international organisations for each sector and enabling infrastructure. The book concludes with a Digital Town Readiness Framework that offers local communities, policymakers, and scholars an initial set of indicators upon which to develop digital town initiatives, and measure progress. For those ready to embrace the opportunity, this book is a pathfinder on the road to a more equitable and impactful digital society and digital economy

    Africa's Wealthy Give Back: A Perspective on Philanthropic Giving by Wealthy Africans in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa

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    Over the last few years we have begun to see the emergence of more strategic philanthropy, the growth of formal vehicles for its practice, and the rise of new platforms that reflect African voices. There is also a growing interest to better understand African philanthropy and learn from the experience of African philanthropists so as to achieve greater impact. This research forms part of that effort by providing a pan-African view of a specific group of philanthropists from Africa. It focuses on Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa, countries that are in the spotlight due to their respective positions within their regions, their economic status and their levels of giving by the wealthy. However, individuals from countries such as Uganda, Ghana and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as from the African Diaspora also participated in the stud

    Digital Towns

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    This open access book explores the digital transformation of small and rural towns, in particular, how to measure the evolution and development of digital towns. In addition to access to resources, competition from urban and global markets, and population trends, rural communities present lesser access and use of digital technologies and have lower digital competencies and skills than their urban counterparts. Consequently, they experience less beneficial outcomes from increased digitalisation than urban areas. This book defines what a digital town is and explores digitalisation from the perspective of the four basic economic sectors in towns - individuals and households, businesses, the public sector, and civil society - and three types of enabling infrastructure - digital connectivity, education, and governance. Particular attention is paid to how digitalisation efforts are measured by intergovernmental and international organisations for each sector and enabling infrastructure. The book concludes with a Digital Town Readiness Framework that offers local communities, policymakers, and scholars an initial set of indicators upon which to develop digital town initiatives, and measure progress. For those ready to embrace the opportunity, this book is a pathfinder on the road to a more equitable and impactful digital society and digital economy

    New horizons for productive transformation in the Andina Region

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    En cubierta: Growth and productive transition agendaBibliografía: p. 118-129Las economías desarrolladas y emergentes, así como el contexto internacional dentro del cual interactúan, han enfrentado eventos que vienen transformando estructuralmente sus procesos de producción. El cambio climático, la digitalización y la pandemia del COVID-19 están generando grandes cambios en el mundo. La estructura productiva de los países andinos está siendo afectada por estas tendencias. Dada esta coyuntura, urge tomar decisiones sobre políticas para afrontar esta situación pues, de no hacerlo, habría serias consecuencias sobre el ingreso de los países andinos. Existen muchos sectores que han sido afectados y también beneficiados por la pandemia. Resulta fundamental atender los desafíos del sector agrícola, especialmente aquellos relacionados con su baja productividad. Cabe señalar que, a pesar del entorno, este sector ha crecido. El reposicionamiento de las cadenas globales de valor destaca las oportunidades no aprovechadas por la región andina. Además, el sector servicios, principal empleador de las economías andinas, fue impactado fuertemente por la pandemia. Por otro lado, el sector extractivo ya presentaba retos importantes, aun antes de este proceso de transformación. Esto ocurre en un contexto donde, pese a su crecimiento, la digitalización sigue teniendo grandes rezagos. Más aún, la región se ha caracterizado por presentar retos de desigualdad, que representan un desafío adicional de una transición que va a tener impactos sociales considerables. Este contexto abre oportunidades para la región, pero exige un importante esfuerzo de coordinación de políticas públicas. La región tiene la tarea de diversificarse. Esta publicación presenta recomendaciones al respecto. Al revisar los sectores antes mencionados, resulta fundamental atender los desafíos del sector agrícola, en particular los relacionados con su baja productividad. Existen oportunidades para integrarse a las cadenas globales de valor, pero los países andinos deberán hacer un mejor uso de los tratados comerciales existentes, buscando reducir costos para el comercio. Cabe mencionar que la región tiene espacio para aprovechar las transformaciones que están ocurriendo en el sector servicios. Finalmente, pese a existir desafíos importantes para el sector de industrias extractivas, también se presentan oportunidades para aprovechar este sector como palanca para la transformación productiva. Para lograrlo, es necesario promover la digitalización empresarial y facilitar a las empresas la decisión de qué tecnologías digitales implementar y cómo hacerlo. Cualquier estrategia de transformación productiva debe generar oportunidades para la población. Por tanto, es necesario considerar que el fomentar sectores de la economía más diversos e inclusivos no solo es más equitativo y justo, también es más rentable

    A Vision of Africa's Future

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    Africa is a fast-changing continent and an area of rising global relevance, where major transformation processes are currently underway, from demographic expansion to economic development, from social progress to environmental challenges, from technological innovation to continental integration, from political change to migratory pressures. How will these complex transformations shape the Africa of tomorrow? This Report sets out a vision for Africa’s future based on five key traits: an archipelago of heterogeneous growth trajectories; the revolutionary impact of technological leapfrogging; regional integration and the growing role of sub-regional processes; the clustering of instability mainly around the core of the region; and the migration movements that originate from – but also predominantly remain within – the African continent

    Impact and Implications of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in East and Southern Africa: 2nd WCO ESA Regional Research Conference

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    This book presents the papers, report and outcomes of the 2nd WCO ESA Regional Research Conference which was hosted by the Regional Training Centre (RTC) Kenya on the 23rd and 24th November, 2017, at the Kenya School of Monetary Studies (KSMS) in Nairobi, Kenya. It was co-organized by the ROCB and the RTC Kenya and attended by more than 200 participants from 20 nations. Participants included researchers and officials from various Customs administrations in the East and Southern Africa Region, WCO ESA Regional Training Centres (RTCs), the WCO, the African Union, the World Bank, Africa Development Bank, Regional Economic Committees (RECs) (the East African Community), the Government of Australia, Kenyan ministries, the private sector, academia, and other cooperating partners. The theme of the conference was “Impacts and Implication of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and the WCO Mercator Programme to the ESA region” and covered the following topics: Impacts of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement in East and Southern Africa; Data Analysis for Effective Border Management in East and Southern Africa; Best Practices in Digital Customs in East and Southern Africa; E-commerce as a Driver for Economic Growth in East and Southern Africa; Securing and Facilitating Trade in East and Southern Africa; and Regional Integration: Addressing Levels of Intraregional Trade in East and Southern Africa. The Governing Council of the World Customs Organization, East and Southern Africa region, established the regional research programme aiming to build institutional capacity and the body of knowledge in customs through research. The objective of the programme is to encourage research on topical themes for customs in East and Southern Africa. The programme also aims to develop a body of knowledge to guide the decision-making process concerning trade facilitation and regional economic integration in the Region. It is also hoped that the research programme and the results from findings from the research initiatives will assist countries in sharing experiences, ideas, knowledge, and information on new innovations to improve Customs operations while creating new inventions to continue modernizing customs to ease facilitation of trade in East and Southern Africa. The envisaged output from this process will always be the publication of an e-book (and book) consisting of a consolidation of papers presented during the conference
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