Family memories in the home: contrasting physical and digital mementos

We carried out fieldwork to characterise and compare physical and digital mementos in the home. Physical mementos are highly valued, heterogeneous and support different types of recollection. Contrary to expectations, we found physical mementos are not purely representational, and can involve appropriating common objects and more idiosyncratic forms. In contrast, digital mementos were initially perceived as less valuable, although participants later reconsidered this. Digital mementos were somewhat limited in function and expression, largely involving representational photos and videos, and infrequently accessed. We explain these digital limitations and conclude with design guidelines for digital mementos, including better techniques for accessing and integrating these into everyday life, allowing them to acquire the symbolic associations and lasting value that characterise their physical counterparts

Documented: Embedding and Retrieving Information from 3D Printed Objects

Documentation is an essential aspect of building interactive physical objects. For makers, documentation serves as a record that can be shared with others to demonstrate a project’s building (what and how) and decision-making (why) process. A documentation’s end-users (i.e., the makers themselves or people interested in rebuilding or learning about the project) can then self-refect on these records and take away their own lessons regarding the project. However, in the case of physical objects, we think that refecting on their documentation can be challenging since the documentation and the object are two separate artifacts. We explore this assumption in this thesis. Specifcally, we asked if embedding the documentation into the object being made will promote self-refection and whether this facilitates a deeper understanding of the object and its design process. We took three main steps to address our questions: (1) we used artifact analysis to identify the strengths and limitations of current documentation styles (i.e., text, picture, and video-based documentations) that makers typically use; (2) we conducted interviews and brainstorming sessions with professional and hobbyist makers, and asked them to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their current documentation techniques, and the improvements they envision regarding the connection between their documentation and the built object; (3) informed by our artifact analysis and interview sessions, we proposed a prototype that provides a new method to interact with an object’s documentation, which allows people to embed and retrieve documentation-related data into and from the object, respectively

Referential precedents in spoken language comprehension: a review and meta-analysis

Listeners’ interpretations of referring expressions are influenced by referential precedents—temporary conventions established in a discourse that associate linguistic expressions with referents. A number of psycholinguistic studies have investigated how much precedent effects depend on beliefs about the speaker’s perspective versus more egocentric, domain-general processes. We review and provide a meta-analysis of visual-world eyetracking studies of precedent use, focusing on three principal effects: (1) a same speaker advantage for maintained precedents; (2) a different speaker advantage for broken precedents; and (3) an overall main effect of precedents. Despite inconsistent claims in the literature, our combined analysis reveals surprisingly consistent evidence supporting the existence of all three effects, but with different temporal profiles. These findings carry important implications for existing theoretical explanations of precedent use, and challenge explanations based solely on the use of information about speakers’ perspectives

Perspectives in visual imaging for marine biology and ecology: from acquisition to understanding

Durden J, Schoening T, Althaus F, et al. Perspectives in Visual Imaging for Marine Biology and Ecology: From Acquisition to Understanding. In: Hughes RN, Hughes DJ, Smith IP, Dale AC, eds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 54. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016: 1-72

Rethinking affordance

n/a – Critical survey essay retheorising the concept of 'affordance' in digital media context. Lead article in a special issue on the topic, co-edited by the authors for the journal Media Theory