Study on open science: The general state of the play in Open Science principles and practices at European life sciences institutes

Nowadays, open science is a hot topic on all levels and also is one of the priorities of the European Research Area. Components that are commonly associated with open science are open access, open data, open methodology, open source, open peer review, open science policies and citizen science. Open science may a great potential to connect and influence the practices of researchers, funding institutions and the public. In this paper, we evaluate the level of openness based on public surveys at four European life sciences institute

Recent Advances in Social Data and Artificial Intelligence 2019

The importance and usefulness of subjects and topics involving social data and artificial intelligence are becoming widely recognized. This book contains invited review, expository, and original research articles dealing with, and presenting state-of-the-art accounts pf, the recent advances in the subjects of social data and artificial intelligence, and potentially their links to Cyberspace

Prescribing Psychotropics: Misuse, Abuse, Dependence, Withdrawal and Addiction

© 2021 Papazisis, Spachos, Siafis, Pandria, Deligianni, Tsakiridis and Goulas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Recently, the growing use of prescription drugs for recreational purposes has been reported widely in the literature. However, the true extent and nature of such use is not completely understood. Some medications are already known to be misused. For instance, opioids, Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants (including tranquilizers, sedatives, and hypnotics) and stimulants (e.g. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-medications). However, for a range of remaining molecules there have been anecdotal reports of misuse and diversion, but more needs to be understood. ‘Pharming’; ‘pharm-parties’; and ‘doctor-shopping’ attitudes, involving high-/ mega-dosage prescription drugs’ intake, are new trends which are increasingly being reported among young adult populations. Increasing levels of access to the web over the past 15 years or so may have boosted the current scenario of prescribed drugs’ misuse and abuse, with social networks playing a role in prescription drugs’ aggressive marketing/ distribution from rogue ‘pharmacy’ websites. Consistent with this, the current Research Topic will cover the assessment of the misuse, abuse, dependence, withdrawal, diversion and addiction potential of prescribing drugs. Most of these drugs are not scheduled, and there is little or no indication of these putative misusing issues in their accompanying medication package. Furthermore, some of these medications are made available over-the-counter in a range of countries. Prescribing drugs, which are the focus of this Research Topic, include but are definitely not limited to: gabapentinoids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, Z-drugs, beta-agonists, and over-the-counter medications (e.g., codeine phosphate; loperamide, dextromethorphan, promethazine, etc). The Research Topic would welcome empirical papers, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, reviews, and brief reports. Special consideration will be given to: • Pre-marketing considerations on how to identify the possible CNS drugs’ addictive liability levels • Post-marketing surveillance and pharmacovigilance strategies able to detect early signals of drug abuse (e.g., monitoring of drug utilization, anonymous tracking of users’ posts on social media, analysis of international Adverse Drug Reactions’ databases entries) • Clinical data • Methods for optimal reduction strategies to come off prescribing psychotropics, including antidepressants • Analysis of the current measures adopted to reduce drug diversio

Int j acctg

Title from cover.Published: Springer, 1995; Greenwich, Conn. : JAI Press, 1996-2000; New York, N.Y. : Pergamon, 2000-Latest issue consulted: Vol. 37, no. 2 (2002) (surrogate).Published for: Center for International Education and Research in Accounting, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0020706

Assuming Data Integrity and Empirical Evidence to The Contrary

Background: Not all respondents to surveys apply their minds or understand the posed questions, and as such provide answers which lack coherence, and this threatens the integrity of the research. Casual inspection and limited research of the 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), included in the dataset of the World Values Survey (WVS), suggested that random responses may be common. Objective: To specify the percentage of cases in the BRI-10 which include incoherent or contradictory responses and to test the extent to which the removal of these cases will improve the quality of the dataset. Method: The WVS data on the BFI-10, measuring the Big Five Personality (B5P), in South Africa (N=3 531), was used. Incoherent or contradictory responses were removed. Then the cases from the cleaned-up dataset were analysed for their theoretical validity. Results: Only 1 612 (45.7%) cases were identified as not including incoherent or contradictory responses. The cleaned-up data did not mirror the B5P- structure, as was envisaged. The test for common method bias was negative. Conclusion: In most cases the responses were incoherent. Cleaning up the data did not improve the psychometric properties of the BFI-10. This raises concerns about the quality of the WVS data, the BFI-10, and the universality of B5P-theory. Given these results, it would be unwise to use the BFI-10 in South Africa. Researchers are alerted to do a proper assessment of the psychometric properties of instruments before they use it, particularly in a cross-cultural setting

Leading Towards Voice and Innovation: The Role of Psychological Contract

Background: Empirical evidence generally suggests that psychological contract breach (PCB) leads to negative outcomes. However, some literature argues that, occasionally, PCB leads to positive outcomes. Aim: To empirically determine when these positive outcomes occur, focusing on the role of psychological contract (PC) and leadership style (LS), and outcomes such as employ voice (EV) and innovative work behaviour (IWB). Method: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, using reputable questionnaires on PC, PCB, EV, IWB, and leadership styles. Correlation analyses were used to test direct links within the model, while regression analyses were used to test for the moderation effects. Results: Data with acceptable psychometric properties were collected from 11 organisations (N=620). The results revealed that PCB does not lead to substantial changes in IWB. PCB correlated positively with prohibitive EV, but did not influence promotive EV, which was a significant driver of IWB. Leadership styles were weak predictors of EV and IWB, and LS only partially moderated the PCB-EV relationship. Conclusion: PCB did not lead to positive outcomes. Neither did LS influencing the relationships between PCB and EV or IWB. Further, LS only partially influenced the relationships between variables, and not in a manner which positively influence IWB