25 research outputs found

    Historical groupings in second temple Judaism : a comparative analysis on religious, social and political impact of Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes

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    The Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes are three groups within the history of Second Temple Judaism that carry importance which cannot be ignored. They carry religious, social and political characteristics that are intertwined with the life of the intertestamental times as powerful determinators even prior to the emergence of Christianity. It is within this important context that the three groups are comparatively assessed, analysed and evaluated from religious, social and political perspectives. In the same vein, the comparative analysis will form a firm foundation for the three religious, social and political groups It is the comparative dimensions and their impact, wherein the causes of success or failure, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the three groups, will emerge. This emergence will reveal the fundamental reasons for the survival or death of the groups during the changing times. The traditional perspective is that the Sadducees and Essenes and all other groups/sects disappeared after 70 CE, leaving the Pharisees as the only surviving group. Scholars such as Shaye J.D. Cohen, Mathew J. Grey and Pieter J.J. Botha differ from that perspective. This thesis aims to navigate a narrow space which shows the strength of the Pharisees compared to that of the Sadducees and Essenes but does not necessarily agree that the Pharisees are the only ones in any form who survived the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. It shows the comparative dynamics before 70 CE which through religious, social and political strategies and tactics laid a solid foundation that gave the Pharisees an ideological advantage with the masses of the people, but it does not make the blanket statement that other groups automatically died due to the Temple destruction; rather, it simply shows that the Pharisees strategies and tactics gave them advantages over their contenders such as the Sadducees and Essenes. This thesis differs from the traditional view that only the Pharisees survived the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, and it differs from Shaye J.D. Cohen’s assertion that the Pharisees’ characteristics cannot be identified post 70 CE. However, that the difference between the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes was downplayed with the post–70 CE demise of Jewish sectarianism and variant views within the body of a larger rabbinic group were acknowledged and respected. Moreover, the thesis is also on the cutting edging edge, beyond the vigorous debate as to whether the Essenes and Sadducees (and all other groups or sects) perished around 70 CE or the Pharisees survived the destruction of the Second Temple intact. It is navigating within Second Temple Judaism, bringing to the surface the strengths that advantaged the Pharisees— whatever form Pharisaism may have taken—after 70 CE. It is a comparison which is advancing the importance of aligning with the ordinary masses of the people through the doctrine of oral and written law within the religious, social and political discourse of Second Temple Judaism and not beyond.Biblical and Ancient StudiesD. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies

    The Construct of Identity in Hellenistic Judaism

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    This volume assembles twenty-three essays by Erich S. Gruen, who has written extensively on the literature and history of early Judaism and the experience of the Jews in the Greco-Roman world. Twenty-two of the articles have previously been published, and one new one was composed for the volume

    Report of the Secretary of the Interior; being part of the message and documents communicated to the two Houses of Congress at the beginning of the first session of the Fifty-fourth Congress, 1896; Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education.

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    Annual Report of the Sec. of Interior. 27 Nov. HD 5, 54-1, v14-22 , 7924p. [3381-3389] Indian affairs in the U.S.; annual report of the Gen. Land Office (Serial 3381); annual report of the CIA (Serial 3382) ; etc

    Vision, Narrative, and Wisdom in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran

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    This volume is a collection of scholarly articles on the Aramaic Dead Sea scrolls, some of the oldest and most fascinating literary compositions among the ancient Jewish manuscripts found in the Qumran caves. Readership: Anyone interested in the Bible, ancient Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls, biblical interpretation, and the history of religion

    Judaism of Jesus' day

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    This item was digitized by the Internet Archive. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universityhttps://archive.org/details/judaismofjesusda00coo

    Hyper-calvinism and John Gill.

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    Lithuanians in the Shadow of Three Eagles: Vincas Kudirka, Martynas Jankus, Jonas Ơliƫpas and the Making of Modern Lithuania

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    The Lithuanian national movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was an international phenomenon involving Lithuanian communities in three countries: Russia, Germany and the United States. To capture the international dimension of the Lithuanian national movement this study offers biographies of three activists in the movement, each of whom spent a significant amount of time living in one of the three “parts” of the Lithuanian nation: Vincas Kudirka, Martynas Jankus and Jonas Ć liĆ«pas. The biographies focus on the following questions. To what extent did each of the three activists assimilate into a “foreign” (i.e., non-Lithuanian) culture and was this a voluntary process? How did they free themselves from foreign cultural dominance? How did they understand nationality in general and Lithuanian nationality in particular? What goals did they incorporate into their nationalist agendas? What causes of anti-Semitism and philosemitism can be identified by analyzing their discourse about Jews? The conclusion puts the answers to some of these questions into comparative perspective. This study uses published and archival sources in seven languages from libraries and archives in seven countries—some of which have never been used before. It is the first to use the unpublished typescript of Jonas Ć liĆ«pas’ 1942 autobiography, which, until recently, was unavailable to researchers

    Vision, Narrative, and Wisdom in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran

    Get PDF
    This volume is a collection of scholarly articles on the Aramaic Dead Sea scrolls, some of the oldest and most fascinating literary compositions among the ancient Jewish manuscripts found in the Qumran caves. Readership: Anyone interested in the Bible, ancient Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls, biblical interpretation, and the history of religion
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