Power quality and electromagnetic compatibility: special report, session 2

The scope of Session 2 (S2) has been defined as follows by the Session Advisory Group and the Technical Committee: Power Quality (PQ), with the more general concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and with some related safety problems in electricity distribution systems. Special focus is put on voltage continuity (supply reliability, problem of outages) and voltage quality (voltage level, flicker, unbalance, harmonics). This session will also look at electromagnetic compatibility (mains frequency to 150 kHz), electromagnetic interferences and electric and magnetic fields issues. Also addressed in this session are electrical safety and immunity concerns (lightning issues, step, touch and transferred voltages). The aim of this special report is to present a synthesis of the present concerns in PQ&EMC, based on all selected papers of session 2 and related papers from other sessions, (152 papers in total). The report is divided in the following 4 blocks: Block 1: Electric and Magnetic Fields, EMC, Earthing systems Block 2: Harmonics Block 3: Voltage Variation Block 4: Power Quality Monitoring Two Round Tables will be organised: - Power quality and EMC in the Future Grid (CIGRE/CIRED WG C4.24, RT 13) - Reliability Benchmarking - why we should do it? What should be done in future? (RT 15

Adjustment of model parameters to estimate distribution transformers remaining lifespan

Currently, the electrical system in Argentina is working at its maximum capacity, decreasing the margin between the installed power and demanded consumption, and drastically reducing the service life of transformer substations due to overload (since the margin for summer peaks is small). The advent of the Smart Grids allows electricity distribution companies to apply data analysis techniques to manage resources more efficiently at different levels (avoiding damages, better contingency management, maintenance planning, etc.). The Smart Grids in Argentina progresses slowly due to the high costs involved. In this context, the estimation of the lifespan reduction of distribution transformers is a key tool to efficiently manage human and material resources, maximizing the lifetime of this equipment. Despite the current state of the smart grids, the electricity distribution companies can implement it using the available data. Thermal models provide guidelines for lifespan estimation, but the adjustment to particular conditions, brands, or material quality is done by adjusting parameters. In this work we propose a method to adjust the parameters of a thermal model using Genetic Algorithms, comparing the estimation values of top-oil temperature with measurements from 315 kVA distribution transformers, located in the province of Tucumán, Argentina. The results show that, despite limited data availability, the adjusted model is suitable to implement a transformer monitoring system.Fil: Jimenez, Victor Adrian. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucumán. Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Avanzadas de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Will, Adrian L. E.. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucumán. Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Avanzadas de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Gotay Sardiñas, Jorge. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucumán. Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Avanzadas de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucumán. Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Avanzadas de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentin

Towards Vision-Based Smart Hospitals: A System for Tracking and Monitoring Hand Hygiene Compliance

One in twenty-five patients admitted to a hospital will suffer from a hospital acquired infection. If we can intelligently track healthcare staff, patients, and visitors, we can better understand the sources of such infections. We envision a smart hospital capable of increasing operational efficiency and improving patient care with less spending. In this paper, we propose a non-intrusive vision-based system for tracking people's activity in hospitals. We evaluate our method for the problem of measuring hand hygiene compliance. Empirically, our method outperforms existing solutions such as proximity-based techniques and covert in-person observational studies. We present intuitive, qualitative results that analyze human movement patterns and conduct spatial analytics which convey our method's interpretability. This work is a step towards a computer-vision based smart hospital and demonstrates promising results for reducing hospital acquired infections.Comment: Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference (MLHC

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

One of the fundamental tasks of electric distribution utilities is guaranteeing a continuous supply of electricity to their customers. The primary distribution network is a critical part of these facilities because a fault in it could affect thousands of customers. However, the complexity of this network has been increased with the irruption of distributed generation, typical in a Smart Grid and which has significantly complicated some of the analyses, making it impossible to apply traditional techniques. This problem is intensified in underground lines where access is limited. As a possible solution, this paper proposes to make a deployment of a distributed sensor network along the power lines. This network proposes taking advantage of its distributed character to support new approaches of these analyses. In this sense, this paper describes the aquiculture of the proposed network (adapted to the power grid) based on nodes that use power line communication and energy harvesting techniques. In this sense, it also describes the implementation of a real prototype that has been used in some experiments to validate this technological adaptation. Additionally, beyond a simple use for monitoring, this paper also proposes the use of this approach to solve two typical distribution system operator problems, such as: fault location and failure forecasting in power cables.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Government of Spain project Sistema Inteligente Inalámbrico para Análisis y Monitorización de Líneas de Tensión Subterráneas en Smart Grids (SIIAM) TEC2013-40767-RMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Government of Spain, for the funding of the scholarship Formación de Profesorado Universitario 2016 (FPU 2016

UC Berkeley's Cory Hall: Evaluation of Challenges and Potential Applications of Building-to-Grid Implementation

From September 2009 through June 2010, a team of researchers developed, installed, and tested instrumentation on the energy flows in Cory Hall on the UC Berkeley campus to create a Building-to-Grid testbed. The UC Berkeley team was headed by Professor David Culler, and assisted by members from EnerNex, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California State University Sacramento, and the California Institute for Energy & Environment. While the Berkeley team mapped the load tree of the building, EnerNex researched types of meters, submeters, monitors, and sensors to be used (Task 1). Next the UC Berkeley team analyzed building needs and designed the network of metering components and data storage/visualization software (Task 2). After meeting with vendors in January, the UCB team procured and installed the components starting in late March (Task 3). Next, the UCB team tested and demonstrated the system (Task 4). Meanwhile, the CSUS team documented the methodology and steps necessary to implement a testbed (Task 5) and Harold Galicer developed a roadmap for the CSUS Smart Grid Center with results from the testbed (Task 5a) and evaluated the Cory Hall implementation process (Task 5b). The CSUS team also worked with local utilities to develop an approach to the energy information communication link between buildings and the utility (Task 6). The UC Berkeley team then prepared a roadmap to outline necessary technology development for Building-to-Grid, and presented the results of the project in early July (Task 7). Finally, CIEE evaluated the implementation, noting challenges and potential applications of Building-to-Grid (Task 8). These deliverables are available at the i4Energy site: http://i4energy.org/

DEVELOPMENT OF FORECASTING AND SCHEDULING METHODS AND DATA ANALYTICS BASED CONTROLS FOR SMART LOADS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.

DEVELOPMENT OF FORECASTING AND SCHEDULING METHODS AND DATA ANALYTICS BASED CONTROLS FOR SMART LOADS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

IoT-teknologian hyödyntäminen sähköverkko-omaisuuden hallinnassa

Objective of this thesis is to define and assess changes in energy sector, which will directly or indirectly affect distribution grid operation and management in Finland, and to determine measurable events or variables, which enable identification and monitoring of the recognized changes. Based on assessment of the upcoming changes, possibilities for utilizing IoT technologies in management and monitoring applications of the identified changes, are assessed. In the assessment of upcoming changes, total of eight subjects were covered and microgeneration, electric vehicles and heat pumps were identified to be the most probable changes to realistically penetrate Finnish energy sector within a time scope of approximately 10 years. However, none of the assessed, changes, were found to have significant and wide-scale effects in terms of performance of Finnish distribution networks. For utilization of IoT technologies in distribution networks one application for operational grid monitoring of power quality problems derived from residential photovoltaic generation, and three cases for IoT based asset health and condition monitoring were assessed. Furthermore, requirements and architecture for data storage and analysis platform of IoT based system were discussed. From the evaluated applications condition monitoring scheme of circuit breakers was determined to be the most promising alternative.Diplomityön tavoitteena on määritellä ja arvioida energiasektoriin vaikuttavien tulevien muutosten suoria tai epäsuoria vaikutuksia jakeluverkon toimintaan ja hallintaan. Havaittujen muutosten vaikutuksista on tarkoitus tunnistaa mitattavia ilmiöitä tai suureita, jotka mahdollistavat muutosten tunnistamisen sekä seurannan. Muutosanalyysiin pohjautuen tavoitteena on tunnistaa ja arvioida mahdollisuuksia IoT-teknologian hyödyntämiseksi havaittujen muutosten aiheuttamien ongelmakohtien tai mahdollisuuksien tunnistamisessa, seurannassa sekä hallinnassa. Energiasektoriin vaikuttavien muutosten analyysissä arvoitiin kokonaisuudessaan kahdeksaa eri aihealuetta ja lopputuloksena pientuotannon, sähköautojen sekä lämpöpumppujen todettiin olevan todennäköisimmät teknologiat, jotka yleistyvät merkittävissä määrin suomalaisessa sähköverkossa seuraavan kymmenen vuoden aikana. Minkään käsitellyn muutoskohdan ei kuitenkaan todettu aiheuttavan laajamittaisia ja merkittäviä ongelmia jakeluverkon toimintaan. IoT-teknologian hyödyntämiseen jakeluverkkotoiminnassa käsiteltiin yhtä verkon käyttöön ja sähkön laatuun liittyvää sovellusta, jonka avulla hajautetun pienaurinkotuotannon vaikutuksia pystytään seuraamaan, sekä lisäksi kolmeen eri verkkokomponenttiin kohdistuvaa jatkuvan kunnon seurannan sovellusta. Tämän lisäksi IoT-järjestelmän toteuttamiseksi vaadittavalle analyysi- ja tietojärjestelmäalustalle määriteltiin rakenteellisia ja toiminnallisia tarpeita. Työssä käsitellyistä IoT-sovelluksista lupaavimmaksi todettiin katkaisijoihin kohdistuva jatkuvan kunnonhallinnan sovellus