Named Data Networking in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

International audienceInformation-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as one of the future Internet architectures. It is poised to address the challenges faced by today's Internet that include, but not limited to, scalability, addressing, security, and privacy. Furthermore, it also aims at meeting the requirements for new emerging Internet applications. To realize ICN, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the recent implementations of ICN that provides a suitable communication approach due to its clean slate design and simple communication model. There are a plethora of applications realized through ICN in different domains where data is the focal point of communication. One such domain is Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) realized through Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) where vehicles exchange information and content with each other and with the infrastructure. To date, excellent research results have been yielded in the VANET domain aiming at safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience. However, due to the dynamic topologies, host-centric model, and ephemeral nature of vehicular communication, various challenges are faced by VANET that hinder the realization of successful vehicular networks and adversely affect the data dissemination, content delivery, and user experiences. To fill these gaps, NDN has been extensively used as underlying communication paradigm for VANET. Inspired by the extensive research results in NDN-based VANET, in this paper, we provide a detailed and systematic review of NDN-driven VANET. More precisely, we investigate the role of NDN in VANET and discuss the feasibility of NDN architecture in VANET environment. Subsequently, we cover in detail, NDN-based naming, routing and forwarding, caching, mobility, and security mechanism for VANET. Furthermore, we discuss the existing standards, solutions, and simulation tools used in NDN-based VANET. Finally, we also identify open challenges and issues faced by NDN-driven VANET and highlight future research directions that should be addressed by the research community

Social Cooperation for Information-Centric Multimedia Streaming in Highway VANETs

Abstract-High-quality multimedia streaming services in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are severely hindered by intermittent host connectivity issues. The Information Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm could help solving this issue thanks to its new networking primitives driven by content names rather than host addresses. This unique feature, in fact, enables native support to mobility, in-network caching, nomadic networking, multicast, and efficient content dissemination. In this paper, we focus on exploring the potential social cooperation among vehicles in highways. An ICN-based COoperative Caching solution, namely ICoC, is proposed to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of multimedia streaming services. In particular, ICoC leverages two novel social cooperation schemes, namely partner-assisted and courier-assisted, to enhance information-centric caching. To validate its effectiveness, extensive ns-3 simulations have been executed, showing that ICoC achieves a considerable improvement in terms of start-up delay and playback freezing with respect to a state-of-the-art solution based on probabilistic caching

CODIE: Controlled Data and Interest Evaluation in Vehicular Named Data Networks

[EN] Recently, named data networking (NDN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for future Internet technologies. NDN is an extension to the content-centric network (CCN) and is expected to support various applications in vehicular communications [ vehicular NDN (VNDN)]. VNDN basically relies on naming the content rather than using end-to-end device names. In VNDN, a vehicle broadcasts an "Interest" packet for the required "content," regardless of end-to-end connectivity with servers or other vehicles and known as a "consumer." In response, a vehicle with the content replies to the Interest packet with a "Data" packet and named as a "provider." However, the simple VNDN architecture faces several challenges such as consumer/provider mobility and Interest/Data packet(s) forwarding. In VNDN, for the most part, the Data packet is sent along the reverse path of the related Interest packet. However, there is no extensive simulated reference available in the literature to support this argument. In this paper, therefore, we first analyze the propagation behavior of Interest and Data packets in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) environment through extensive simulations. Second, we propose the "CODIE" scheme to control the Data flooding/broadcast storm in the naive VNDN. The main idea is to allow the consumer vehicle to start hop counter in Interest packet. Upon receiving this Interest by any potential provider, a data dissemination limit (DDL) value stores the number of hops and a data packet needs to travel back. Simulation results show that CODIE forwards fewer copies of data packets processed (CDPP) while achieving similar interest satisfaction rate (ISR), as compared with the naive VNDN. In addition, we also found that CODIE also minimizes the overall interest satisfaction delay (ISD), respectively.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, South Korea, under Grant IITP-2015-H8601-15-1002 of the Convergence Information Technology Research Center supervised by the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion. The review of this paper was coordinated by Editors of CVS. (Corresponding author: Dongkyun Kim.)Ahmed, SH.; Bouk, SH.; Yaqub, MA.; Kim, D.; Song, H.; Lloret, J. (2016). CODIE: Controlled Data and Interest Evaluation in Vehicular Named Data Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 65(6):3954-3963. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2558650S3954396365

Reliable and efficient data dissemination schemein VANET: a review

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), identified as a mobile ad hoc network MANETs with several added constraints. Basically, in VANETs, the network is established on the fly based on the availability of vehicles on roads and supporting infrastructures along the roads, such as base stations. Vehicles and road-side infrastructures are required to provide communication facilities, particularly when enough vehicles are not available on the roads for effective communication. VANETs are crucial for providing a wide range of safety and non-safety applications to road users. However, the specific fundamental problem in VANET is the challenge of creating effective communication between two fast-moving vehicles. Therefore, message routing is an issue for many safety and non-safety of VANETs applications. The challenge in designing a robust but reliable message dissemination technique is primarily due to the stringent QoS requirements of the VANETs safety applications. This paper investigated various methods and conducted literature on an idea to develop a model for efficient and reliable message dissemination routing techniques in VANET

Encaminhamento baseado no contexto em ICNs móveis

Over the last couple of decades, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been at the forefront of research, yet still are afflicted by high network fragmentation, due to their continuous node mobility and geographical dispersion. To address these concerns, a new paradigm was proposed - Information-Centric Networks(ICN), whose focus is the delivery of Content based on names, being ideal to attend to high latency environments. However, the main proposed solutions for content delivery in ICNs do not take into account the type of content nor the various available communication interfaces in each point of the network, a factor which can be deciding in mobile networks. The scope of this dissertation lies on the use of ICNs concepts for the delivery of both urgent and non-urgent information in urban mobile environments. In order to do so, a context-based forwarding strategy was proposed, with a very clear goal: to take advantage of both packet names and Data, and node's neighborhood analysis in order to successfully deliver content into the network in the shortest period of time, and without worsening network congestion. The design, implementation and validation of the proposed strategy was performed using the ndnSIM platform simulator along with real mobility traces from communication infrastructure of the Porto city. The results show that the proposed context-based forwarding strategy for mobile ICN presents a clear improvement in performance in terms of delivery, while maintaining network overhead at a constant. Furthermore, by means of better pathing and through cooperation with caching mechanisms, lower transmission delays can be attained.Nas últimas décadas, as redes veiculares ad hoc (VANETs) estiveram na vanguarda da pesquisa, mas continuam a ser afetadas por alta fragmentação na rede, devido à mobilidade contínua dos nós e a sua dispersão geográfica. Para abordar estes problemas, um novo paradigma foi proposto - Redes Centradas na Informação (ICN), cujo foco é a entrega de Conteúdo com base em nomes, sendo ideal para atender ambientes de alta latência. No entanto, as principais soluções propostas para entrega de conteúdo em ICNs não têm em conta o tipo de conteúdo nem as várias interfaces de comunicação disponíveis em cada ponto da rede, fator que pode ser determinante em redes móveis. O objetivo desta dissertação reside no uso dos conceitos de ICNs para a entrega de informações urgentes e não urgentes em ambientes móveis urbanos. Para isso, foi proposta uma estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto, com um objetivo muito claro: tirar proveito do nome e dados dos pacotes, e da análise de vizinhança dos nós, com vista em fornecer com êxito o conteúdo para a rede no menor período de tempo e sem piorar o congestionamento da rede. O desenho, implementação e validação da estratégia proposta foram realizados usando o simulador ndnSIM, juntamente com traces reais de mobilidade da infraestrutura de comunicação da cidade do Porto. Os resultados mostram que a estratégia de encaminhamento baseada em contexto proposta para o ICN móvel apresenta uma clara melhoria no desempenho em termos de entrega, mantendo a carga da rede constante. Além disso, através da escolha de melhores caminhos e através da cooperação com mecanismos de armazenamento em cache, é possível alcançar atrasos de transmissão mais baixos.Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemátic

Study and analysis of mobility, security, and caching issues in CCN

Existing architecture of Internet is IP-centric, having capability to cope with the needs of the Internet users. Due to the recent advancements and emerging technologies, a need to have ubiquitous connectivity has become the primary focus. Increasing demands for location-independent content raised the requirement of a new architecture and hence it became a research challenge. Content Centric Networking (CCN) paradigm emerges as an alternative to IP-centric model and is based on name-based forwarding and in-network data caching. It is likely to address certain challenges that have not been solved by IP-based protocols in wireless networks. Three important factors that require significant research related to CCN are mobility, security, and caching. While a number of studies have been conducted on CCN and its proposed technologies, none of the studies target all three significant research directions in a single article, to the best of our knowledge. This paper is an attempt to discuss the three factors together within context of each other. In this paper, we discuss and analyze basics of CCN principles with distributed properties of caching, mobility, and secure access control. Different comparisons are made to examine the strengths and weaknesses of each aforementioned aspect in detail. The final discussion aims to identify the open research challenges and some future trends for CCN deployment on a large scale

Routing and Applications of Vehicular Named Data Networking

Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) allows vehicles to exchange important informationamong themselves and has become a critical component for enabling smart transportation.In VANET, vehicles are more interested in content itself than from which vehicle the contentis originated. Named Data Networking (NDN) is an Internet architecture that concentrateson what the content is rather than where the content is located. We adopt NDN as theunderlying communication paradigm for VANET because it can better address a plethora ofproblems in VANET, such as frequent disconnections and fast mobility of vehicles. However,vehicular named data networking faces the problem of how to efficiently route interestpackets and data packets. To address the problem, we propose a new geographic routing strategy of applying NDNin vehicular networks with Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) support, called GeoDTN-NDN. We designed a hybrid routing mechanism for solving the flooding issue of forwardinginterest packets and the disruption problem of delivering data packets. To avoid disruptionscaused by routing packets over less-traveled roads, we develop a new progressive segmentrouting approach that takes into consideration how vehicles are distributed among differentroads, with the goal of favoring well-traveled roads. A novel criterion for determiningprogress of routing is designed to guarantee that the destination will be reached no matterwhether a temporary loop may be formed in the path. We also investigate applications of vehicular named data networking. We categorizethese applications into four types and design an NDN naming scheme for them. We proposea fog-computing based architecture to support the smart parking application, which enablesa driver to find a parking lot with available parking space and make reservation for futureparking need. Finally we describe several future research directions for vehicular nameddata networking

Recent advances in information-centric networking based internet of things (ICN-IoT)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is being realized as a promising approach to accomplish the shortcomings of current IP-address based networking. ICN models are based on naming the content to get rid of address-space scarcity, accessing the content via name-based-routing, caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide reliable, efficient data delivery and self-certifying contents to ensure better security. Obvious benefits of ICN in terms of fast and efficient data delivery and improved reliability raises ICN as highly promising networking model for Internet of Things (IoTs) like environments. IoT aims to connect anyone and/or anything at any time by any path on any place. From last decade, IoTs attracts both industry and research communities. IoTs is an emerging research field and still in its infancy. Thus, this paper presents the potential of ICN for IoTs by providing state-of-the-art literature survey. We discuss briefly the feasibility of ICN features and their models (and architectures) in the context of IoT. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive survey on ICN based caching, naming, security and mobility approaches for IoTs with appropriate classification. Furthermore, we present operating systems (OS) and simulation tools for ICN-IoT. Finally, we provide important research challenges and issues faced by ICN for IoTs