A Comparison of Big Data Frameworks on a Layered Dataflow Model

In the world of Big Data analytics, there is a series of tools aiming at simplifying programming applications to be executed on clusters. Although each tool claims to provide better programming, data and execution models, for which only informal (and often confusing) semantics is generally provided, all share a common underlying model, namely, the Dataflow model. The Dataflow model we propose shows how various tools share the same expressiveness at different levels of abstraction. The contribution of this work is twofold: first, we show that the proposed model is (at least) as general as existing batch and streaming frameworks (e.g., Spark, Flink, Storm), thus making it easier to understand high-level data-processing applications written in such frameworks. Second, we provide a layered model that can represent tools and applications following the Dataflow paradigm and we show how the analyzed tools fit in each level.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, In Proc. of the 9th Intl Symposium on High-Level Parallel Programming and Applications (HLPP), July 4-5 2016, Muenster, German

S-Store: Streaming Meets Transaction Processing

Stream processing addresses the needs of real-time applications. Transaction processing addresses the coordination and safety of short atomic computations. Heretofore, these two modes of operation existed in separate, stove-piped systems. In this work, we attempt to fuse the two computational paradigms in a single system called S-Store. In this way, S-Store can simultaneously accommodate OLTP and streaming applications. We present a simple transaction model for streams that integrates seamlessly with a traditional OLTP system. We chose to build S-Store as an extension of H-Store, an open-source, in-memory, distributed OLTP database system. By implementing S-Store in this way, we can make use of the transaction processing facilities that H-Store already supports, and we can concentrate on the additional implementation features that are needed to support streaming. Similar implementations could be done using other main-memory OLTP platforms. We show that we can actually achieve higher throughput for streaming workloads in S-Store than an equivalent deployment in H-Store alone. We also show how this can be achieved within H-Store with the addition of a modest amount of new functionality. Furthermore, we compare S-Store to two state-of-the-art streaming systems, Spark Streaming and Storm, and show how S-Store matches and sometimes exceeds their performance while providing stronger transactional guarantees

Stream Processing Systems Benchmark: StreamBench

Batch processing technologies (Such as MapReduce, Hive, Pig) have matured and been widely used in the industry. These systems solved the issue processing big volumes of data successfully. However, first big amount of data need to be collected and stored in a database or file system. That is very time-consuming. Then it takes time to finish batch processing analysis jobs before get any results. While there are many cases that need analysed results from unbounded sequence of data in seconds or sub-seconds. To satisfy the increasing demand of processing such streaming data, several streaming processing systems are implemented and widely adopted, such as Apache Storm, Apache Spark, IBM InfoSphere Streams, and Apache Flink. They all support online stream processing, high scalability, and tasks monitoring. While how to evaluate stream processing systems before choosing one in production development is an open question. In this thesis, we introduce StreamBench, a benchmark framework to facilitate performance comparisons of stream processing systems. A common API component and a core set of workloads are defined. We implement the common API and run benchmarks for three widely used open source stream processing systems: Apache Storm, Flink, and Spark Streaming. A key feature of the StreamBench framework is that it is extensible -- it supports easy definition of new workloads, in addition to making it easy to benchmark new stream processing systems

Quality of Service Aware Data Stream Processing for Highly Dynamic and Scalable Applications

Huge amounts of georeferenced data streams are arriving daily to data stream management systems that are deployed for serving highly scalable and dynamic applications. There are innumerable ways at which those loads can be exploited to gain deep insights in various domains. Decision makers require an interactive visualization of such data in the form of maps and dashboards for decision making and strategic planning. Data streams normally exhibit fluctuation and oscillation in arrival rates and skewness. Those are the two predominant factors that greatly impact the overall quality of service. This requires data stream management systems to be attuned to those factors in addition to the spatial shape of the data that may exaggerate the negative impact of those factors. Current systems do not natively support services with quality guarantees for dynamic scenarios, leaving the handling of those logistics to the user which is challenging and cumbersome. Three workloads are predominant for any data stream, batch processing, scalable storage and stream processing. In this thesis, we have designed a quality of service aware system, SpatialDSMS, that constitutes several subsystems that are covering those loads and any mixed load that results from intermixing them. Most importantly, we natively have incorporated quality of service optimizations for processing avalanches of geo-referenced data streams in highly dynamic application scenarios. This has been achieved transparently on top of the codebases of emerging de facto standard best-in-class representatives, thus relieving the overburdened shoulders of the users in the presentation layer from having to reason about those services. Instead, users express their queries with quality goals and our system optimizers compiles that down into query plans with an embedded quality guarantee and leaves logistic handling to the underlying layers. We have developed standard compliant prototypes for all the subsystems that constitutes SpatialDSMS

Comparative Evaluation for the Performance of Big Stream Processing Systems

Andmete hulk kasvab tänapäeval meeletu kiirusega ning seda andmete hulka tuleb korrektselt töödelda, et saavutada kontroll andmete üle. Antud olukord sunnib meid mõtlema andmevoo töötlemise peale. Enamasti nõuavad andmemahuline pettuse tuvastus-, kaubandus-, tootmis-, sõjanduse ja luure süsteemid pidevat andmete analüüsi (reaalajas). Sellist tüüpi süsteemid nõuavad kõrgetasemel ist mustrite sobitamist ja korrelatsioone. Aja jooksul on ilmnenud erinevaid andmevoo töötlemise võimalusi. Antud lõputöös tehakse jõudlustest Apache Flink, Apache Storm, Heron, Kafka ja Apache Spark andmevoo töötlemismootoritega ning tulemusi võrreldakse ja vastandatakse omavahel. Nendes rakendustes ja domeenides on väga oluline nõue koguda, menetleda ning analüüsida olulisi andmevooge, et eraldada sealt väärtusliku informatsiooni. Antud magistritöö eesmärk on läbi viia empiiriline hindamine ning võrdlemine kõrgtasemel andmevoo töötlemissüsteemide vahel.Nowadays data is growing with tremendous acceleration, and this growing data must be processed properly if we want to have control over it. It pushes us to think about data stream processing. Most of the time, a data-intensive fraud detecting, trading, manufacturing, military and intelligence systems require processing data immediately (real-time). These kinds of systems need considerably ssophisticated pattern matching and correlations. However, other uses of stream processing have also emerged over time. In this thesis, we will benchmark to compare and contrast Apache Flink, Apache Storm, Heron, Kafka an Apache Spark stream processing engines. In these applications and domains, there is a crucial requirement to collect, process, and analyze significant streams of data to extract valuable information. This thesis aims to conduct an empirical evaluation and benchmarking of the state-of-the-art of big stream processing systems

Approximate Data Analytics Systems

Today, most modern online services make use of big data analytics systems to extract useful information from the raw digital data. The data normally arrives as a continuous data stream at a high speed and in huge volumes. The cost of handling this massive data can be significant. Providing interactive latency in processing the data is often impractical due to the fact that the data is growing exponentially and even faster than Moore’s law predictions. To overcome this problem, approximate computing has recently emerged as a promising solution. Approximate computing is based on the observation that many modern applications are amenable to an approximate, rather than the exact output. Unlike traditional computing, approximate computing tolerates lower accuracy to achieve lower latency by computing over a partial subset instead of the entire input data. Unfortunately, the advancements in approximate computing are primarily geared towards batch analytics and cannot provide low-latency guarantees in the context of stream processing, where new data continuously arrives as an unbounded stream. In this thesis, we design and implement approximate computing techniques for processing and interacting with high-speed and large-scale stream data to achieve low latency and efficient utilization of resources. To achieve these goals, we have designed and built the following approximate data analytics systems: • StreamApprox—a data stream analytics system for approximate computing. This system supports approximate computing for low-latency stream analytics in a transparent way and has an ability to adapt to rapid fluctuations of input data streams. In this system, we designed an online adaptive stratified reservoir sampling algorithm to produce approximate output with bounded error. • IncApprox—a data analytics system for incremental approximate computing. This system adopts approximate and incremental computing in stream processing to achieve high-throughput and low-latency with efficient resource utilization. In this system, we designed an online stratified sampling algorithm that uses self-adjusting computation to produce an incrementally updated approximate output with bounded error. • PrivApprox—a data stream analytics system for privacy-preserving and approximate computing. This system supports high utility and low-latency data analytics and preserves user’s privacy at the same time. The system is based on the combination of privacy-preserving data analytics and approximate computing. • ApproxJoin—an approximate distributed joins system. This system improves the performance of joins — critical but expensive operations in big data systems. In this system, we employed a sketching technique (Bloom filter) to avoid shuffling non-joinable data items through the network as well as proposed a novel sampling mechanism that executes during the join to obtain an unbiased representative sample of the join output. Our evaluation based on micro-benchmarks and real world case studies shows that these systems can achieve significant performance speedup compared to state-of-the-art systems by tolerating negligible accuracy loss of the analytics output. In addition, our systems allow users to systematically make a trade-off between accuracy and throughput/latency and require no/minor modifications to the existing applications