Distributed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (D2HCP)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are multihop wireless networks of mobile nodes without any fixed or preexisting infrastructure. The topology of these networks can change randomly due to the unpredictable mobility of nodes and their propagation characteristics. In most networks, including MANETs, each node needs a unique identifier to communicate. This work presents a distributed protocol for dynamic node IP address assignment in MANETs. Nodes of a MANET synchronize from time to time to maintain a record of IP address assignments in the entire network and detect any IP address leaks. The proposed stateful autoconfiguration scheme uses the OLSR proactive routing protocol for synchronization and guarantees unique IP addresses under a variety of network conditions, including message losses and network partitioning. Simulation results show that the protocol incurs low latency and communication overhead for IP address assignment

E-D2HCP: enhanced distributed dynamic host configuration protocol

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) consist of mobile nodes equipped with wireless devices. They do not need any kind of pre-existent infrastructure and are about self-managed networks. MANETs enable communication between mobile nodes without direct links and across multihop paths. To ensure correct operation of the routing protocols, MANETs, have to assign unique IP addresses to the MANET devices. Furthermore, the address assignment is an important issue when dealing with MANET networks because the traditional approaches are not applicable without some changes, having to provide new protocols for the address auto-configuration. These schemes must take into account the properties of MANETs such as dynamic topology, limited resources or lack of infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a stateful scheme for dynamic allocation of IP addresses in MANETs entitled Extended Distributed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol because it is based on a previous piece of work (D2CHP). This extension includes the network merging not covered by its predecessor. Simulation results show that the new protocol also improves D2HCP functionality in areas such as fault tolerance, concurrency and latency.Sección Deptal. de Sistemas Informáticos y ComputaciónFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEAgencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID, Spain) through Accion Integrada MAEC-AECID MEDITERRANEOSecurity Engineering Research Center - Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE, Korea)pu

Auto-Configuration Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The TCP/IP protocol allows the different nodes in a network to communicate by associating a different IP address to each node. In wired or wireless networks with infrastructure, we have a server or node acting as such which correctly assigns IP addresses, but in mobile ad hoc networks there is no such centralized entity capable of carrying out this function. Therefore, a protocol is needed to perform the network configuration automatically and in a dynamic way, which will use all nodes in the network (or part thereof) as if they were servers that manage IP addresses. This article reviews the major proposed auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, with particular emphasis on one of the most recent: D2HCP. This work also includes a comparison of auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks by specifying the most relevant metrics, such as a guarantee of uniqueness, overhead, latency, dependency on the routing protocol and uniformity

Design and Implementation of ID Based MANET Autoconfiguration Protocol

Auto-configuration protocols are used for assignment of unique IP addresses to nodes in Mobile ad hoc networks. Without the assignment of unique IP addresses, service provisioning between the nodes is not possible. Such protocols use various heuristics to ensure the uniqueness in IP address assignment; such aspects increase the overall complexity in MANET system design. Moreover the overriding role of IP address as an ID in Application layer and Locator in routing space is a bottleneck in future wireless network (FWN) design. Contemporary FWN research is focusing on ID/Locator split concept designs. In this paper we propose an ID/Locator based architecture for MANETs which also solves               auto-configuration requirements for MANETs. Our proposed architecture is an adaptation from available ID/Locator split concepts for infrastructure oriented networks for usage in MANET context. The designed protocol uses identifiers for node identification, node discovery and traffic flow between end points. The protocol support provision for running contemporary IP oriented services. We have also verified various use cases of our proposed protocol through Linux based implementation

Proposta de um protocolo de roteamento autoconfigurável para redes mesh em Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) baseado em proactive source routing

Orientador: Yuzo IanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: A Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things ¿ IoT) visa a criação de ambientes inteligentes como domótica, comunicação intra-veicular e redes de sensores sem fio (Wireless Sensor Network ¿ WSN), sendo que atualmente essa tecnologia vem crescendo de forma rápida. Uma das tecnologias sem fio utilizada para aplicações de curta distância que se encontra mais acessível à população, em geral, é o Bluetooth. No final de 2010, o Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG), lançou a especificação Bluetooth 4.0 e, como parte dessa especificação, tem-se o Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). O BLE é uma tecnologia sem fio de baixíssimo consumo de potência, que pode ser alimentada por uma bateria tipo moeda, ou até mesmo por indução elétrica (energy harvesting). A natureza do Bluetooth (e BLE) é baseada na conexão do tipo Mestre/Escravo. Muitos estudos mostram como criar redes mesh baseadas no Bluetooth clássico, que são conhecidas como Scatternets, onde alguns nós são utilizados como escravos com o objetivo de repassar os dados entre os mestres. Contudo, o BLE não tinha suporte para a mudança entre mestre e escravo até o lançamento da especificação Bluetooth 4.1, em 2013. A capacidade de uma tecnologia sem fio para IoT de criar uma rede ad-hoc móvel (Mobile Ad-hoc Network ¿ MANET) é vital para poder suportar uma grande quantidade de sensores, periféricos e dispositivos que possam coexistir em qualquer ambiente. Este trabalho visa propor um novo método de autoconfiguração para BLE, com descoberta de mapa de roteamento e manutenção, sem a necessidade de mudanças entre mestre e escravo, sendo compatível com os dispositivos Bluetooth 4.0, assim como com os 4.1 e mais recentes. Qualquer protocolo de mensagens pode aproveitar o método proposto para descobrir e manter a topologia de rede mesh em cada um dos seus nósAbstract: Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is spreading rapidly towards creating smart environments. Home automation, intra-vehicular interaction, and wireless sensor networks (WSN) are among the most popular applications discussed in IoT literature. One of the most available and popular wireless technologies for short-range operations is Bluetooth. In late 2010, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) launched the Bluetooth 4.0 Specification, which brings Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as part of the specification. BLE characterises as being a very low power wireless technology, capable of working on a coin-cell or even by energy scavenging. Nevertheless, the nature of Bluetooth (and BLE) has always been a connection-oriented communication in a Master/Slave configuration. Several studies exist showing how to create mesh networks for Classic Bluetooth, called Scatternets, by utilizing some nodes as slaves to relay data between Masters. However, BLE didn¿t support role changing until the 4.1 Specification released in 2013. The capability of a wireless technology to create a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is vital for supporting the plethora of sensors, peripherals, and devices that could coexist in any IoT environment. This work focuses on proposing a new autoconfiguring dynamic address allocation scheme for a BLE Ad-Hoc network, and a network map discovery and maintenance mechanism that doesn¿t require role changing, thus being possible to implement it in 4.0 compliant devices as well as 4.1 or later to develop a MANET. Any ad-hoc routing protocol can utilise the proposed method to discover, keep track, and maintain the mesh network node topology in each of their nodesDoutoradoTelecomunicações e TelemáticaDoutor em Engenharia ElétricaCAPE

Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks are built on the basis of a communication without infrastructure and major investigations have focused on the routing and autoconfiguration problems. However, there is a little progress in solving the secure autoconfiguration problems in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which has led to the proliferation of threats given the vulnerabilities of MANETs. It is clear that ad hoc networks have no centralized mechanism for defense against threats, such as a firewall, an intrusion detection system, or a proxy. Therefore, it is necessary that the defense of interests of each of the ad hoc components is the responsibility of each member node. This paper shows the most common threats to ad hoc networks and reviews several proposals that attempt to minimize some of these threats, showing their protection ability and vulnerabilities in light of the threats that might aris

Energy-Aware Topology Control Strategy for Human-Centric Wireless Sensor Networks

The adoption of mobile and ubiquitous solutions that involve participatory or opportunistic sensing increases every day. This situation has highlighted the relevance of optimizing the energy consumption of these solutions, because their operation depends on the devices’ battery lifetimes. This article presents a study that intends to understand how the prediction of topology control messages in human-centric wireless sensor networks can be used to help reduce the energy consumption of the participating devices. In order to do that, five research questions have been defined and a study based on simulations was conducted to answer these questions. The obtained results help identify suitable mobile computing scenarios where the prediction of topology control messages can be used to save energy of the network nodes. These results also allow estimating the percentage of energy saving that can be expected, according to the features of the work scenario and the participants behavior. Designers of mobile collaborative applications that involve participatory or opportunistic sensing, can take advantage of these findings to increase the autonomy of their solutions.Fil: Meseguer, Roc . Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Molina, Carlos. Universitat Rovira I Virgili; EspañaFil: Ochoa, Sergio F.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Santos, Rodrigo Martin. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica y de Computadoras. Laboratorio de Sistemas Digitales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Eléctrica; Argentin

Cross-Layer Service Discovery Mechanism for OLSRv2 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Service discovery plays an important role in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The lack of central infrastructure, limited resources and high mobility make service discovery a challenging issue for this kind of network. This article proposes a new service discovery mechanism for discovering and advertising services integrated into the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2). In previous studies, we demonstrated the validity of a similar service discovery mechanism integrated into the previous version of OLSR (OLSRv1). In order to advertise services, we have added a new type-length-value structure (TLV) to the OLSRv2 protocol, called service discovery message (SDM), according to the Generalized MANET Packet/Message Format defined in Request For Comments (RFC) 5444. Each node in the ad hoc network only advertises its own services. The advertisement frequency is a user-configurable parameter, so that it can be modified depending on the user requirements. Each node maintains two service tables, one to store information about its own services and another one to store information about the services it discovers in the network. We present simulation results, that compare our service discovery integrated into OLSRv2 with the one defined for OLSRv1 and with the integration of service discovery in Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, in terms of service discovery ratio, service latency and network overhead.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Continuity of Service, Security and QoS for Transportation Systems (CONSEQUENCE) (TEC2010-20572-C02-01/02) and INcident monitoRing In Smart COmmunities (INRISCO) (TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R) projects. We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve our manuscript

Internet de las cosas y la Salud centrada en el Hogar

Este artículo presenta una revisión del concepto de Internet de las Cosas y su aplicación en el área de la salud, centrándonos en las soluciones que existen actualmente para el manejo de la salud orientada al hogar. El internet de las cosas aplicado al campo de la salud, permitirá que muchas personas, independientemente de su clase social, utilicen los servicios que por medio de estas tecnologías se podrían ofrecer y que en muchos países ya se están empezando a implementar. Teniendo en cuenta que en las próximas décadas, el modelo de asistencia médica se transformará del presente hospital-céntrico que comúnmente conocemos a un modelo de salud totalmente centrado en el hogar, donde en el hogar se tendrá menor intensidad laboral y costo operacional. El servicio de salud en el hogar permite el aprovechamiento de la tecnología IoT, llamado muy a menudo como Salud IoT. Esto suena prometedor para la industria del sector salud y las TIC en general, porque permite personalizar el servicio sanitario, acelerando su evolución