2,251 research outputs found
Perturbation Theory for Metastable States of the Dirac Equation with Quadratic Vector Interaction
The spectral problem of the Dirac equation in an external quadratic vector
potential is considered using the methods of the perturbation theory. The
problem is singular and the perturbation series is asymptotic, so that the
methods for dealing with divergent series must be used. Among these, the
Distributional Borel Sum appears to be the most well suited tool to give
answers and to describe the spectral properties of the system. A detailed
investigation is made in one and in three space dimensions with a central
potential. We present numerical results for the Dirac equation in one space
dimension: these are obtained by determining the perturbation expansion and
using the Pad\'e approximants for calculating the distributional Borel
transform. A complete agreement is found with previous non-perturbative results
obtained by the numerical solution of the singular boundary value problem and
the determination of the density of the states from the continuous spectrum.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
Oscillator model for dissipative QED in an inhomogeneous dielectric
The Ullersma model for the damped harmonic oscillator is coupled to the
quantised electromagnetic field. All material parameters and interaction
strengths are allowed to depend on position. The ensuing Hamiltonian is
expressed in terms of canonical fields, and diagonalised by performing a
normal-mode expansion. The commutation relations of the diagonalising operators
are in agreement with the canonical commutation relations. For the proof we
replace all sums of normal modes by complex integrals with the help of the
residue theorem. The same technique helps us to explicitly calculate the
quantum evolution of all canonical and electromagnetic fields. We identify the
dielectric constant and the Green function of the wave equation for the
electric field. Both functions are meromorphic in the complex frequency plane.
The solution of the extended Ullersma model is in keeping with well-known
phenomenological rules for setting up quantum electrodynamics in an absorptive
and spatially inhomogeneous dielectric. To establish this fundamental
justification, we subject the reservoir of independent harmonic oscillators to
a continuum limit. The resonant frequencies of the reservoir are smeared out
over the real axis. Consequently, the poles of both the dielectric constant and
the Green function unite to form a branch cut. Performing an analytic
continuation beyond this branch cut, we find that the long-time behaviour of
the quantised electric field is completely determined by the sources of the
reservoir. Through a Riemann-Lebesgue argument we demonstrate that the field
itself tends to zero, whereas its quantum fluctuations stay alive. We argue
that the last feature may have important consequences for application of
entanglement and related processes in quantum devices.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figur
PT-symmetric operators and metastable states of the 1D relativistic oscillators
We consider the one-dimensional Dirac equation for the harmonic oscillator
and the associated second order separated operators giving the resonances of
the problem by complex dilation. The same operators have unique extensions as
closed PT-symmetric operators defining infinite positive energy levels
converging to the Schroedinger ones as c tends to infinity. Such energy levels
and their eigenfunctions give directly a definite choice of metastable states
of the problem. Precise numerical computations shows that these levels coincide
with the positions of the resonances up to the order of the width. Similar
results are found for the Klein-Gordon oscillators, and in this case there is
an infinite number of dynamics and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
PT-symmetric operators give metastable states for each dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Defining a bulk-edge correspondence for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians via singular-value decomposition
We address the breakdown of the bulk-boundary correspondence observed in
non-Hermitian systems, where open and periodic systems can have distinct phase
diagrams. The correspondence can be completely restored by considering the
Hamiltonian's singular value decomposition instead of its eigendecomposition.
This leads to a natural topological description in terms of a flattened
singular decomposition. This description is equivalent to the usual approach
for Hermitian systems and coincides with a recent proposal for the
classification of non-Hermitian systems. We generalize the notion of the
entanglement spectrum to non-Hermitian systems, and show that the edge physics
is indeed completely captured by the periodic bulk Hamiltonian. We exemplify
our approach by considering the chiral non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heger and
Chern insulator models. Our work advocates a different perspective on
topological non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, paving the way to a better
understanding of their entanglement structure.Comment: 6+5 pages, 8 figure
Bari-Markus property for Riesz projections of 1D periodic Dirac operators
The Dirac operators
Ly = i ((1)(0) (0)(-1))dy/dx + v(x)y, y = ((y1)(y2)), x is an element of[0, pi],
with L-2-potentials
v(x) = ((0)(Q(x)) (P(x))(0)), P, Q is an element of L-2([0, pi]), considered on [0, pi] with periodic, antiperiodic or Dinchlet boundary conditions (bc), have discrete spectra, and the Riesz projections,
S-N = 1/2 pi iota integral(vertical bar z vertical bar=N - 1/2) (z - L-bc)(-1) dz. p(n) = 1/2 pi iota integral(vertical bar z-n vertical bar=1/2) (z - L-bc)(-1) dz
are well-defined for vertical bar n vertical bar >= N if N is sufficiently large. It is proved that
Sigma(vertical bar n vertical bar>N) parallel to P-n - P-n(0)parallel to(2) < infinity, where P-n(0), n is an element of Z,
are the Riesz projections of the free operator.
Then, by the Ban Markus criterion, the spectral Riesz decompositions
f = SN + Sigma(vertical bar n vertical bar>N) P(n)f, for all f is an element of L-2
converge unconditionally in L-2. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinho
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