74 research outputs found

    Cross-Layer Optimization for Video-streaming Transmission with QoS over Ad Hoc Networks: A Holistic Approach

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    In this paper we present ViStA-XL, a Cross-Layer (XL) design aiming to optimize the overall performance of videostreaming services over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The idea relies on applying optimization strategies to different network layers in a holistic way. In ViStA-XL, a real-time Optimizer (XLO) periodically gathers information of the state of node and network from different layers of the stack of protocols, takes optimization decisions, and then modifies some parameters of the protocols accordingly. In addition, our proposal exploits path diversity through MM-DSR (Multipath MultimediaDynamic Source Routing) protocol as a means to reinforce the Quality of Service (QoS) provision to multi-layer encoded videostreaming applications, by protecting the most important video information packets, balancing the load and decreasing the endto-end delay. To show the advantages of our approach, we have developed and tested an algorithm based on ViStA-XL. Simulation results show that our proposed network design can improve the performance of video-streaming transmissions over MANETs in spite of frequent changes in network and node operating conditions

    Exploiting the power of multiplicity: a holistic survey of network-layer multipath

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    The Internet is inherently a multipath network: For an underlying network with only a single path, connecting various nodes would have been debilitatingly fragile. Unfortunately, traditional Internet technologies have been designed around the restrictive assumption of a single working path between a source and a destination. The lack of native multipath support constrains network performance even as the underlying network is richly connected and has redundant multiple paths. Computer networks can exploit the power of multiplicity, through which a diverse collection of paths is resource pooled as a single resource, to unlock the inherent redundancy of the Internet. This opens up a new vista of opportunities, promising increased throughput (through concurrent usage of multiple paths) and increased reliability and fault tolerance (through the use of multiple paths in backup/redundant arrangements). There are many emerging trends in networking that signify that the Internet's future will be multipath, including the use of multipath technology in data center computing; the ready availability of multiple heterogeneous radio interfaces in wireless (such as Wi-Fi and cellular) in wireless devices; ubiquity of mobile devices that are multihomed with heterogeneous access networks; and the development and standardization of multipath transport protocols such as multipath TCP. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature on network-layer multipath solutions. We will present a detailed investigation of two important design issues, namely, the control plane problem of how to compute and select the routes and the data plane problem of how to split the flow on the computed paths. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic articulation of the main design issues in network-layer multipath routing along with a broad-ranging survey of the vast literature on network-layer multipathing. We also highlight open issues and identify directions for future work

    AdamRTP: Adaptive multi-flow real-time multimedia transport protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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    Real-time multimedia applications are time sensitive and require extra resources from the network, e.g. large bandwidth and big memory. However, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from limited resources such as computational, storage, and bandwidth capabilities. Therefore, sending real-time multimedia applications over WSNs can be very challenging. For this reason, we propose an Adaptive Multi-flow Real-time Multimedia Transport Protocol (AdamRTP) that has the ability to ease the process of transmitting real-time multimedia over WSNs by splitting the multimedia source stream into smaller independent flows using an MDC-aware encoder, then sending each flow to the destination using joint/disjoint path. AdamRTP uses dynamic adaptation techniques, e.g. number of flows and rate adaptation. Simulations experiments demonstrate that AdamRTP enhances the Quality of Service (QoS) of transmission. Also, we showed that in an ideal WSN, using multi-flows consumes less power than using a single flow and extends the life-time of the network

    Ein dienstgütebasiertes Routingprotokoll für ein selbstorganisiertes Kommunikationsnetz

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    Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized by two dimensions namely, anywhere and anytime. The freely moving participating nodes can form an ad hoc network anywhere, and the mobile nodes can join or leave the network anytime. A particular mobile node in a MANET can communicate with all the other nodes using the multihop communication. Thus, MANETs offer a vast range of applications in various domains like entertainment, military, emergency, etc. However, the implementation of real-time applications like voice/video calling that demands stringent quality requirements over MANETs is a major challenge. This challenge arises due to the unplanned and dynamic nature of MANETs, due to the unreliability of wireless links, due to the scarcity of resources like battery, bandwidth, processing power, due to the large-scale nature of MANETs, etc. This issue can be addressed at the network layer or the routing protocol, which establishes multiple routes from source to destination and adapts to the dynamicity of MANETs without compromising on the quality requirements. The primary goal of this work is the investigation and development of such a routing algorithm that supports real-time applications over MANETs. For adaptive multipath routing, we studied Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms originate from the fields of Swarm Intelligence (SI) while Quality of Service (QoS) computation is carried out by cleverly utilizing the monitoring feature of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). So, combining these two mechanisms we propose a powerful adaptive multipath QoS-aware Routing protocol based on ACO (QoRA). We discuss and investigate the internal working of QoRA and perform detailed simulation studies in the network simulator ns-3. Finally, we discuss the implementation of QoRA routing algorithms in a real world testbed.Mobile Ad-hoc-Netze (MANETs) ermöglichen eine Kommunikation überall zu jedem Zeitpunkt. Frei sich bewegende Knoten können überall ein solches Netz bilden, wobei die Teilnehmer zu jeder Zeit dem Netz beitreten oder es wieder verlassen können. Ein teilnehmender Knoten in einem MANET kommuniziert mit allen anderen über Multi-Hop-Kommunikation. So ermöglicht ein MANET viele unterschiedliche Anwendungen aus verschiedenen Domänen wie beispielsweise Unterhaltungskommunikation, Notfallkommunikation oder Einsatzkommunikation. Allerdings benötigen Echtzeitanwendungen wie Telefonie oder Videokommunikation eine stringente Kommunikationsdienstgüte, was für MANETs eine große Herausforderung darstellt. Diese Herausforderung hat viele Gründe: das dynamische und unvorhersehbare Verhalten der Knoten im MANET, die Unzuverlässigkeit der drahtlosen Kommunikation, die Beschränkung der zur Verfügung stehenden Kommunikationsressourcen (wie Batterielaufzeit, Bandbreite oder Prozessorleistung), die relativ große Abdeckung durch ein MANET. Die Herausforderung kann in der Vermittlungsschicht durch ein spezielles Routingprotokoll gelöst werden, das mehrere gleichzeitige Pfade von der Quelle zum Ziel verwendet, sodass die Dynamik in einem MANET Berücksichtigung findet ohne dass die Dienstgüte kompromittiert werden muss. Das vorrangige Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erforschung und Entwicklung eines solchen Routingverfahrens, das Echtzeitanwendungen in einem MANET unterstützt. Für das adaptive Mehrwegerouting wurde ein Ameisenalgorithmus (Ant Colony Optimization, ACO) angewendet, der das Prinzip der Schwarmintelligenz ausnutzt. Die Bestimmung der aktuell möglichen Kommunikationsdienstgüte erfolgt über die Informationen, die das Netzmanagementprotokoll Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP standardmäßig zur Verfügung stellt. Durch die Kombination dieser beiden Ansätze wurde das adaptive Mehrwegeroutingprotokoll "QoS-aware Routing Protocol based on ACO" (QoRA) vorgeschlagen. In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden das Konzept von QoRA vorgestellt und die interne Funktionsweise erläutert. Anhand umfangreicher Simulationen auf Basis des Simulationswerkzeug ns-3 werden die Vorteile des Verfahrens nachgewiesen. Den Abschluss bildet die Diskussion einer Implementierung von QoRA in einer realen Testumgebung

    Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

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    Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of-the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: quality-of-service and video communication, routing protocol and cross-layer design. A few interesting problems about security and delay-tolerant networks are also discussed. This book is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

    Wireless multimedia sensor networks, security and key management

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    Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have emerged and shifted the focus from the typical scalar wireless sensor networks to networks with multimedia devices that are capable to retrieve video, audio, images, as well as scalar sensor data. WMSNs are able to deliver multimedia content due to the availability of inexpensive CMOS cameras and microphones coupled with the significant progress in distributed signal processing and multimedia source coding techniques. These mentioned characteristics, challenges, and requirements of designing WMSNs open many research issues and future research directions to develop protocols, algorithms, architectures, devices, and testbeds to maximize the network lifetime while satisfying the quality of service requirements of the various applications. In this thesis dissertation, we outline the design challenges of WMSNs and we give a comprehensive discussion of the proposed architectures and protocols for the different layers of the communication protocol stack for WMSNs along with their open research issues. Also, we conduct a comparison among the existing WMSN hardware and testbeds based on their specifications and features along with complete classification based on their functionalities and capabilities. In addition, we introduce our complete classification for content security and contextual privacy in WSNs. Our focus in this field, after conducting a complete survey in WMSNs and event privacy in sensor networks, and earning the necessary knowledge of programming sensor motes such as Micaz and Stargate and running simulation using NS2, is to design suitable protocols meet the challenging requirements of WMSNs targeting especially the routing and MAC layers, secure the wirelessly exchange of data against external attacks using proper security algorithms: key management and secure routing, defend the network from internal attacks by using a light-weight intrusion detection technique, protect the contextual information from being leaked to unauthorized parties by adapting an event unobservability scheme, and evaluate the performance efficiency and energy consumption of employing the security algorithms over WMSNs
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