要建立科学的统计数据质量评估体系

Since the Contributions Wanted for Written Discussion of Reform and Development of Statistics has been published in 7th issue of statistical research in 2007, the statistical research journal receives many papers written by the people coming from the statistical system, statistical teaching and researching fields and caring for statistics, who put forward some profound suggestions for governmental statistics, statistical administration system, statistical methods and local statistical work. These papers also include the authors' concern and deep thinking of statistical reform. Some authors introduce international useful experience to promote China's governmental statistics to be geared to international standards; some authors devote to researching advanced system and approach to improve the quality of statistical data; the other authors put forward feasible suggestions to solve the problems in their practical work, etc. The editor chooses more than twenty representative papers and compiles them to publish in this issue, which will provide reference for China's statistical reform, promote the rapid development of socialistic statistics, accelerate the reform of governmental statistics and serve for building the harmonious society

要科学规划统计体制改革的思路

Since the Contributions Wanted for Written Discussion of Reform and Development of Statistics has been published in 7th issue of statistical research in 2007, the statistical research journal receives many papers written by the people coming from the statistical system, statistical teaching and researching fields and caring for statistics, who put forward some profound suggestions for governmental statistics, statistical administration system, statistical methods and local statistical work. These papers also include the authors' concern and deep thinking of statistical reform. Some authors introduce international useful experience to promote China's governmental statistics to be geared to international standards; some authors devote to researching advanced system and approach to improve the quality of statistical data; the other authors put forward feasible suggestions to solve the problems in their practical work, etc. The editor chooses more than twenty representative papers and compiles them to publish in this issue, which will provide reference for China's statistical reform, promote the rapid development of socialistic statistics, accelerate the reform of governmental statistics and serve for building the harmonious society.国家社科基金重点项目01ATJ001的系列成果之

IMPLEMENTING PHILOSOPHY-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

In university, in this case STAIN Parepare, the fourth semester students have been taught many kinds of speaking which varied based on different purposes. One of them is transactional speaking and Group Discussion is one of the kinds which frequently practised in college activity. In the initial study, it was found that students of the fourth semester in STAIN Parepare had low proficiency level in speaking and they had no motivation to participate in group discussion in speaking subjects. To overcome these problems, the writer implemented Philosophy-Based Language Teaching (PBLT) approach. This approach was selected to enhance students’ thinking ability in group discussion in order that they build an idea then convey it to improve their speaking skill. This research was quantitative which employed pre-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by speaking test and observation then processed by statistical calculation by t-test nonindependent sample. Furthermore, the findings of this result revealed that PBLT approach is able to improve students speaking skill. Besides, this approach improved students’ speaking skill through the existence of philosophical questions which allowed the discussion surrounded by active participation of group members. In addition, the findings indicated students’ improvement in speaking skill both intellectual and social aspect. Finally, this research provided some suggestions to overcome some problems found during this research

Multiple perspectives on the concept of conditional probability

Conditional probability is a key to the subjectivist theory of probability; however, it plays a subsidiary role in the usual conception of probability where its counterpart, namely independence is of basic importance. The paper investigates these concepts from various perspectives in order to shed light on their multi-faceted character. We will include the mathematical, philosophical, and educational perspectives. Furthermore, we will inspect conditional probability from the corners of competing ideas and solving strategies. For the comprehension of conditional probability, a wider approach is urgently needed to overcome the well-known problems in learning the concepts, which seem nearly unaffected by teaching

AN EASY ACCESS INTERACTIVE STATISTICAL SYSTEM FOR USE AND TRAINING IN BIOMETRY

One of the most important tools of the applied statistician is the digital computer. It is natural, therefore, for the instructor in applied statistics to want his students to become familiar with the use of computers. If his students are going to get actual experience in using a computer for statistical analysis, he often has only two alternatives. The students can be required to write their own statistical programs or they can use programs already available through a computer facility. If the course is to be taught such that each student is responsible for his own programs, the instructor must either require that the students have previous programming experience or he must be prepared to spend a portion of his class time teaching a programming language. Neither of these seem to be satisfactory. First, to make knowledge of programming a prerequisite will often reduce the number of people interested in the course. Many students, who would otherwise enroll, might be completely unfamiliar with programming and have no real interest in becoming programmers. To spend a portion of the class time in teaching a programming language and associated programming techniques would often mean that the emphasis of the class could easily shift from the statistical methods to computer programming. This would result in a significant reduction in the enount of nnteriel the class could cover. The alternative to having each student write his own programs is to use prepared programs available through a computer facility. In most instances, this would mean that each time a student wished to use the computer for a statistical analysis he would have to prepare the data for card input, send the cards to the computer facility, wait, and finally have his results returned. Again either the instructor would have to assign a particular program and would lead the class through the data preparation or he would expect each student to be responsible for reading the program documentation and preparing the data for himself. In many statistical analyses the investigator might wish to run several different programs. For each of these the student might have to review the relevant documentation, punch a new set of data cards and wait. Unfortunately, rather then repeat this procedure several times a student may become satisfied with running only the primary analysis without spending time, for instance, verifying the underlying assumptions. An example of the type of situation which might indicate several computer run; would be data on which an Analysis of Variance is to be performed. Consider the problem of a student who has data from patients being treated with several different drugs. He wished to test the null hypothesis of no significant differences between the treatment means. He night first wish to run I Bartlett\u27s test for homogeneity of variances. If transforms are necessary on the data he will wish to try them. If he is satisfied that the variances are not significantly different, he will compute the Analysis of Variance possibly following that with Duncan\u27s multiple range test. Since each method is probably done by a different program, the date might have to be completely punched three or four different times. Rather than doing all the extra work the student might simply run the Analysis of Variance and be satisfied with a less than a complete data analysis. The problems introduced here give the necessary background for the discussion of the APL Statistical System which follows. This discussion is divided into three sections. The first section includes two chapters and discusses broadly the APL Statistical System characteristics which contribute to overcome some of the problems involved in utilizing a computer in statistical instruction. The second chapter describes two basic utilization: of the Statistical System. The second section describes the computer hardware configuration on which the system is currently being implemented. It also describes some of the important characteristics of the programming language used. A description of the actual statistical System with a list of the statistical methods which are available to the user is also included in the third chapter. The third section is actually a user\u27s manual giving the operating procedures for the system, an explanation of the keyboard, data entry, and s few of the basic APL operators. To make it an independent part of the thesis so that it may be used alone as a manual, s more complete description of how to use each of the statistical methods is given. For each method an example is shown which can be verified in most cases by the reference source listed in the example. A complete program listing of all the programs, or functions, used in this system can be found in the Appendix

Influence of culture on secondary school students' understanding of statistics: A Fijian perspective

Although we use statistical notions daily in making decisions, research in statistics education has focused mostly on formal statistics. Further, everyday culture may influence informal ideas of statistics. Yet, there appears to be minimal literature that deals with the educational implications of the role of culture. This paper will discuss the interaction between statistical cognition and culture, reporting on the effects of culture on secondary students’ statistical ideas. It will draw on examples from my work and that of a few others who have studied cultural influences on statistical ideas to explain how statistics is tied to cultural practices. The paper will consider the issues arising out of the literature and offer suggestions for meeting the challenges

From research to practice: The case of mathematical reasoning

Mathematical proficiency is a key goal of the Australian Mathematics curriculum. However, international assessments of mathematical literacy suggest that mathematical reasoning and problem solving are areas of difficulty for Australian students. Given the efficacy of teaching informed by quality assessment data, a recent study focused on the development of evidence-based Learning Progressions for Algebraic, Spatial and Statistical Reasoning that can be used to identify where students are in their learning and where they need to go to next. Importantly, they can also be used to generate targeted teaching advice and activities to help teachers progress student learning. This paper explores the processes involved in taking the research to practice