Flyback photovoltaic micro-inverter with a low cost and simple digital-analog control scheme

YesThe single-stage flyback Photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter is considered as a simple and small in size topology but requires expensive digital microcontrollers such as Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to increase the system efficiency, this would increase the cost of the overall system. To solve this problem, based on a single-stage flyback structure, this paper proposed a low cost and simple analog-digital control scheme. This control scheme is implemented using a low cost ATMega microcontroller built in the Arduino Uno board and some analog operational amplifiers. First, the single-stage flyback topology is analyzed theoretically and then the design consideration is obtained. Second, a 120 W prototype was developed in the laboratory to validate the proposed control. To prove the effectiveness of this control, we compared the cost price, overall system efficiency, and THD values of the proposed results with the results obtained by the literature. So, a low system component, single power stage, cheap control scheme, and decent efficiency are achieved by the proposed system. Finally, the experimental results present that the proposed system has a maximum efficiency of 91%, with good values of the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to the results of other authorsThis work was supported in-part by Innovate UK GCRF Energy Catalyst PiCREST project under Grant number 41358, in-part by British Academy GCRF COMPENSE project under Grant GCRFNGR3\154

Design and Control of Power Converters 2020

In this book, nine papers focusing on different fields of power electronics are gathered, all of which are in line with the present trends in research and industry. Given the generality of the Special Issue, the covered topics range from electrothermal models and losses models in semiconductors and magnetics to converters used in high-power applications. In this last case, the papers address specific problems such as the distortion due to zero-current detection or fault investigation using the fast Fourier transform, all being focused on analyzing the topologies of high-power high-density applications, such as the dual active bridge or the H-bridge multilevel inverter. All the papers provide enough insight in the analyzed issues to be used as the starting point of any research. Experimental or simulation results are presented to validate and help with the understanding of the proposed ideas. To summarize, this book will help the reader to solve specific problems in industrial equipment or to increase their knowledge in specific fields

Virtual variable sampling discrete fourier transform based selective odd-order harmonic repetitive control of DC/AC converters

This paper proposes a frequency adaptive discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based repetitive control (RC) scheme for DC/AC converters. By generating infinite magnitude on the interested harmonics, the DFT-based RC offers a selective harmonic scheme to eliminate waveform distortion. The traditional DFT-based selective harmonic RC, however, is sensitive to frequency fluctuation since even very small frequency fluctuation leads to a severe magnitude decrease. To address the problem, virtual variable sampling method, which creates an adjustable virtual delay unit to closely approximate a variable sampling delay, is proposed to enable the DFT-based selective harmonic RC to be frequency adaptive. Moreover, a selective odd-order harmonic DFT filter is developed to deal with the dominant odd order harmonic. Because it halves the number of sampling delays in the DFT filter, the system transient response gets nearly 50% improvement. A comprehensive series of experiments of the proposed VVS DFT-based selective odd-order harmonic RC controlled programmable AC power source under frequency variations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method

Análise, projeto e implementação de conversores flyback DC-AC de estágio único isolados em alta frequência

This thesis proposes the analysis of two single-stage high-frequency isolated converters suited for grid-tied applications. Firstly, a new modulation strategy to the bidirectional flyback converter with differential output connection is introduced. This improved modulation provides better performance by reducing the RMS current values for every circuit element, thereby contributing to reduced conduction losses. The static analyses of the converter operating in both the original and the alternative switching strategies are presented. Dynamic analysis is also performed, providing the output-current-to-duty-cycle transfer function of the converter connected to a resistive load and coupled to an output voltage source. A 500 W, 20 kHz, 70 V input voltage and 127 VRMS output voltage prototype is presented and experimental results comparing the new modulation strategy to the original confirm the theoretical analyses and superior performance of the alternative switching strategy. A low THD output voltage is achieved for both switching strategies, operating in open loop and in continuous conduction mode. The second converter is an active-clamping flyback converter suitable to be used as a microinverter in renewable energy applications. The main features of the topology are the relatively low component count, high-frequency isolation, voltage step-up capability and zero voltage switching. The active clamping allows to recover most of the energy stored in the flyback inductors’ leakage inductance and thus an improvement on the system efficiency is achieved. The static analysis for CCM operation is provided. In addition, an output-current-to-duty-cycle transfer function for a resistive load connected to the output of the converter is presented. Two switching frequencies of 100 kHz and 50 kHz were tested in a prototype built for 500 W, 70 V input voltage and 127 VRMS output voltage.Esta dissertação propõe a análise de dois conversores de estágio único, isolados em alta frequência e adequados para aplicações de conexão à rede elétrica. Inicialmente, é introduzida uma nova estratégia de modulação para o conversor flyback bidirecional com conexão diferencial. Esta modulação melhorada proporciona melhor desempenho, reduzindo os valores de corrente RMS para cada componente do circuito, contribuindo assim para a redução das perdas por condução. As análises estáticas do conversor operando em ambas estratégias de modulação alternativa e original são apresentadas. A análise dinâmica também é realizada, fornecendo a função de transferência da corrente de saída pela razão cíclica do conversor ligado à uma carga resistiva e acoplado a uma fonte de tensão. Um protótipo com potência de saída de 500 W, 20 kHz, com tensão de entrada de 70 V e 127 VRMS na tensão de saída é apresentado e os resultados experimentais que comparam a nova estratégia de modulação confirmam a análise teórica e desempenho superior. Uma tensão de saída com baixa THD é alcançada para ambas estratégias de modulação, operando em malha aberta em no modo de condução contínua. O segundo conversor é um flyback com grampeamento ativo adequado para ser utilizado como um micro-inversor em aplicações de energias renováveis. As principais características da topologia são o relativo baixo número de componentes, o isolamento em alta frequência, possibilidade de ser utilizado como elevador de tensão de saída e operação em ZVS. O grampeamento ativo permite recuperar a maior parte da energia armazenada na indutância de dispersão dos indutores flyback e, assim, uma melhoria na eficiência do conversor é atingida. A análise estática é fornecida para o conversor operando em CCM. Além disso, uma função de transferência da corrente de saída pela razão cíclica é apresentada para uma carga resistiva na saída. Para este conversor duas frequências de comutação de 100 kHz e 50 kHz foram testadas num protótipo construído para 500 W, com tensão de entrada de 70 V e tensão de saída de 127 VRMS

Survey on Photo-Voltaic Powered Interleaved Converter System

Renewable energy is the best solution to meet the growing demand for energy in the country. The solar energy is considered as the most promising energy by the researchers due to its abundant availability, eco-friendly nature, long lasting nature, wide range of application and above all it is a maintenance free system. The energy absorbed by the earth can satisfy 15000 times of today’s total energy demand and its hundred times more than that our conventional energy like coal and other fossil fuels. Though, there are overwhelming advantages in solar energy, It has few drawbacks as well such as its low conversion ratio, inconsistent supply of energy due to variation in the sun light, less efficiency due to ripples in the converter, time dependent and, above all, high capitation cost. These aforementioned flaws have been addressed by the researchers in order to extract maximum energy and attain hundred percentage benefits of this heavenly resource. So, this chapter presents a comprehensive investigation based on photo voltaic (PV) system requirements with the following constraints such as system efficiency, system gain, dynamic response, switching losses are investigated. The overview exhibits and identifies the requirements of a best PV power generation system