9,139 research outputs found
A Stealth Supersymmetry Sampler
The LHC has strongly constrained models of supersymmetry with traditional
missing energy signatures. We present a variety of models that realize the
concept of Stealth Supersymmetry, i.e. models with R-parity in which one or
more nearly-supersymmetric particles (a "stealth sector") lead to collider
signatures with only a small amount of missing energy. The simplest realization
involves low-scale supersymmetry breaking, with an R-odd particle decaying to
its superpartner and a soft gravitino. We clarify the stealth mechanism and its
differences from compressed supersymmetry and explain the requirements for
stealth models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking, in which the soft
invisible particle is not a gravitino. We also discuss new and distinctive
classes of stealth models that couple through a baryon portal or Z' gauge
interactions. Finally, we present updated limits on stealth supersymmetry in
light of current LHC searches.Comment: 45 pages, 16 figure
Collider Searches for Long-Lived Particles Beyond the Standard Model
Experimental tests of the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) find
excellent agreement with its predictions. Since the original formation of the
SM, experiments have provided little guidance regarding the explanations of
phenomena outside the SM, such as the baryon asymmetry and dark matter. Nor
have we understood the aesthetic and theoretical problems of the SM, despite
years of searching for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) at particle
colliders. Some BSM particles can be produced at colliders yet evade being
discovered, if the reconstruction and analysis procedures not matched to
characteristics of the particle. An example is particles with large lifetimes.
As interest in searches for such long-lived particles (LLPs) grows rapidly, a
review of the topic is presented in this article. The broad range of
theoretical motivations for LLPs and the experimental strategies and methods
employed to search for them are described. Results from decades of LLP searches
are reviewed, as are opportunities for the next generation of searches at both
existing and future experiments.Comment: 79 pages, 36 figures, submitted to Progress in Particle and Nuclear
Physic
Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF
The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at
the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described
Inflation in a two 3-form fields scenario
A setting constituted by 3-form fields, without any direct
interaction between them, minimally coupled to gravity, is introduced in this
paper as a framework to study the early evolution of the universe. We focus
particularly on the two 3-forms case. An inflationary scenario is found,
emerging from the coupling to gravity. More concretely, the fields coupled in
this manner exhibit a complex interaction, mediated by the time derivative of
the Hubble parameter. Our investigation is supported by means of a suitable
choice of potentials, employing numerical methods and analytical
approximations. In more detail, the oscillations on the small field limit
become correlated, and one field is intertwined with the other. In this type of
solution, a varying sound speed is present, together with the generation of
isocurvature perturbations. The mentioned features allow to consider an
interesting model, to test against observation. It is subsequently shown how
our results are consistent with current CMB data (viz.Planck and BICEP2).Comment: Version accepted in JCAP. 22 pages, 12 figures, new refs adde
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
Interim Design Report
The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (the IDS-NF) was
established by the community at the ninth "International Workshop on Neutrino
Factories, super-beams, and beta- beams" which was held in Okayama in August
2007. The IDS-NF mandate is to deliver the Reference Design Report (RDR) for
the facility on the timescale of 2012/13. In addition, the mandate for the
study [3] requires an Interim Design Report to be delivered midway through the
project as a step on the way to the RDR. This document, the IDR, has two
functions: it marks the point in the IDS-NF at which the emphasis turns to the
engineering studies required to deliver the RDR and it documents baseline
concepts for the accelerator complex, the neutrino detectors, and the
instrumentation systems. The IDS-NF is, in essence, a site-independent study.
Example sites, CERN, FNAL, and RAL, have been identified to allow site-specific
issues to be addressed in the cost analysis that will be presented in the RDR.
The choice of example sites should not be interpreted as implying a preferred
choice of site for the facility
Vector Bremsstrahlung by Ultrarelativistic Collisions in Higher Dimensions
A classical computation of vector bremsstrahlung in ultrarelativistic
gravitational-force collisions of massive point particles is presented in an
arbitrary number d of extra dimensions. Our method adapts the post-linear
formalism of General Relativity to the multidimensional case. The total emitted
energy, as well as its angular and frequency distribution and characteristic
values, are discussed in detail.
For an electromagnetic mediation propagated in the bulk, the emitted energy
of scattering with impact parameter b has magnitude , with dominant frequency . For the gravitational force the charge emits via vector field,
propagated in the bulk, energy
for , with dominant frequency and energy
for , with most of the
energy coming from a wide frequency region . For the UED model with extra space volume the emitted energy
is . Finally, for the ADD model, including
four dimensions, the electromagnetic field living on 3-brane, loses on emission
the energy , with characteristic
frequency .
The contribution of the low frequency part of the radiation (soft photons) to
the total radiated energy is shown to be negligible for all values of d. The
domain of validity of the classical result is discussed. The result is analyzed
from the viewpoint of the deWitt - Brehme - Hobbs equation (and corresponding
equations in higher dimensions).Comment: 39 pages, 4 figure
Networks of Isolation: The Case of Donald J. Trump, Facebook, and the Limits of Social Movement Theory
The 2016 election that catapulted Donald J. Trump to the U.S. presidency has raised questions for how Facebook may have enabled the emergence and coalescence of a social movement among traditionally improbable voters. The research in this paper engages with contemporary social movement theory, assessing its adequacy for explaining the role of Facebook as a primary method for facilitating a social movement among the civically-alienated, who are the most unlikely of all Americans to join an organized collective for change. From a methodological perspective, the exploration takes up the case as a strategy of inquiry to explore social movement theory in the context of algorithmically-mediated social networking environments. It is concluded that the presence of a proprietary algorithmic mediator deployed by Facebook creates deliberate effects among its users which cannot be explained with social movement theory. These effects cannot be easily studied without unethical cognitive manipulations or information distortion
Searches for gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking at ALEPH with centre-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV
A total of 628 pb-1 of data collected with the ALEPH detector at
centre-of-mass energies from 189 to 209 GeV is analysed in the search for gauge
mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) topologies. In this framework, a novel
search for six-lepton final states when the stau is the next-to-lightest
supersymmetric particle (NLSP) and has negligible lifetime is performed. Other
possible signatures at LEP are studied and the ALEPH final results described
for two acoplanar photons, non-pointing single photons, acoplanar leptons,
large impact parameter leptons, detached slepton decay vertices, heavy stable
charged sleptons and multi-leptons plus missing energy final states. No
evidence is found for new phenomena, and lower limits on the masses of the
relevant supersymmetric particles are derived. A scan of a minimal GMSB
parameter space is performed and lower limits are set for the NLSP mass at 54
GeV and for the mass scale parameter Lambda at 10 TeV, independent of the NLSP
lifetime. Including the results from the neutral Higgs boson searches, a NLSP
mass limit of 77 GeV is obtained and values of Lambda up to 16 TeV are
excluded.Comment: PhD thesis Royal Holloway University of London, September 2002 111
pages, with 55 figures and 22 table
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