8,049 research outputs found
Directional modulation design under a constant magnitude constraint for weight coefficients
Directional modulation (DM) as a physical layer security technique has been studied from many different aspects recently. Normally all existing designs based on antenna arrays lead to varying weight coefficients for different antennas and for different signal symbols, which poses a particular challenge for feed circuits design in analogue implementation. In this paper, to reduce the implementation complexity, a constant magnitude constraint is proposed for the first time, and the resultant non-convex constraint can be modified to a convex form so that the problem can be solved conveniently by existing convex optimisation toolboxes. Design examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design
Sparse antenna array based positional modulation design with a low-complexity metasurface
Positional modulation (PM) has been introduced recently where a given modulation pattern can only be received at certain desired positions. To achieve it, the multi-path effect is exploited for positional modulation with the aid of metasurface acting as a low-cost flexible reflecting surface. In this paper, sparse antenna array based positional modulation design is proposed for the first time; to reduce the implementation complexity of the metasurface, the number of active units is also minimised for a given PM design requirement. Design examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design
Symbol-independent weight magnitude design for antenna array based directional modulation
Directional modulation (DM) as a physical layer security technique has been studied from many different aspects. Recently, a constant magnitude constraint for all antennas of an array for a given modulation symbol was proposed. However, the proposed design does not work for multiple beams. In practice, multi-beam DM may often be required. As a compromise, instead of setting the same magnitude for all antennas for a given symbol, in this paper, a symbol independent magnitude constraint for each antenna is proposed for the first time. With the same magnitude for different symbols for each antenna, only phase changes between different symbols are needed, which can form multiple DM beams simultaneously, while still reducing the implementation complexity of the whole system. Design examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design
λΆμ°λ λ‘ν°λ‘ ꡬλλλ λΉν μ€μΌλ ν€ μμ€ν μ λμμΈ μνμΆμ λ° μ μ΄
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :곡과λν κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ,2020. 2. μ΄λμ€.In this thesis, we present key theoretical components for realizing flying aerial skeleton system called LASDRA (large-size aerial skeleton with distributed rotor actuation). Aerial skeletons are articulated aerial robots actuated by distributed rotors including both ground connected type and flying type. These systems have recently attracted interest and are being actively researched in several research groups, with the expectation of applying those for aerial manipulation in distant/narrow places, or for the performance with entertaining purpose such as drone shows. Among the aerial skeleton systems, LASDRA system, proposed by our group has some significant advantages over the other skeleton systems that it is capable of free SE(3) motion by omni-directional wrench generation of each link, and also the system can be operated with wide range of configuration because of the 3DOF (degrees of freedom) inter-link rotation enabled by cable connection among the link modules.
To realize this LASDRA system, following three components are crucial: 1) a link module that can produce omni-directional force and torque and enough feasible wrench space; 2) pose and posture estimation algorithm for an articulated system with high degrees of freedom; and 3) a motion generation framework that can provide seemingly natural motion while being able to generate desired motion (e.g., linear and angular velocity) for the entire body. The main contributions of this thesis is theoretically developing these three components, and verifying these through outdoor flight experiment with a real LASDRA system. First of all, a link module for the LASDRA system is designed with proposed constrained optimization problem, maximizing the guaranteed feasible force and torque for any direction while also incorporating some constraints (e.g., avoiding inter-rotor air-flow interference) to directly obtain feasible solution. Also, an issue of ESC-induced (electronic speed control) singularity is first introduced in the literature which is inevitably caused by bi-directional thrust generation with sensorless actuators, and handled with a novel control allocation called selective mapping. Then for the state estimation of the entire LASDRA system, constrained Kalman filter based estimation algorithm is proposed that can provide estimation result satisfying kinematic constraint of the system, also along with a semi-distributed version of the algorithm to endow with system scalability. Lastly, CPG-based motion generation framework is presented that can generate natural biomimetic motion, and by exploiting the inverse CPG model obtained with machine learning method, it becomes possible to generate certain desired motion while still making CPG generated natural motion.λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ λΉν μ€μΌλ ν€ μμ€ν
LASDRA (large-size aerial skeleton with distributed rotor actuation) μ ꡬνμ μν΄ μꡬλλ ν΅μ¬ κΈ°λ²λ€μ μ μνλ©°, μ΄λ₯Ό μ€μ LASDRA μμ€ν
μ μ€μΈ λΉνμ ν΅ν΄ κ²μ¦νλ€. μ μλ κΈ°λ²μ 1) μ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ νκ³Ό ν ν¬λ₯Ό λΌ μ μκ³ μΆ©λΆν κ°μ© λ μΉκ³΅κ°μ κ°μ§ λ§ν¬ λͺ¨λ, 2) λμ μμ λμ λ€κ΄μ ꡬ쑰 μμ€ν
μ μν μμΉ λ° μμΈ μΆμ μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦, 3) μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ μμ§μμ λ΄λ λμμ μ 체 μμ€ν
μ΄ μλ, κ°μλ λ± μνλ μμ§μμ λ΄λλ‘ ν μ μλ λͺ¨μ
μμ± νλ μμν¬λ‘ ꡬμ±λλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μ°μ λ§ν¬ λͺ¨λμ λμμΈμ μν΄ μ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ 보μ₯λλ νκ³Ό ν ν¬μ ν¬κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΅λννλ ꡬμ μ΅μ νλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νκ³ , μ€μ μ μ©κ°λ₯ν ν΄λ₯Ό μ»κΈ° μν΄ λͺκ°μ§ ꡬμ쑰건(λ‘ν° κ° κ³΅κΈ° νλ¦ κ°μμ ννΌ λ±)μ κ³ λ €νλ€. λν μΌμκ° μλ μ‘μΈμμ΄ν°λ‘ μλ°©ν₯ μΆλ ₯μ λ΄λ κ²μμ μΌκΈ°λλ ESC μ λ° νΉμ΄μ (ESC-induced singularity) μ΄λΌλ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ²μμΌλ‘ μκ°νκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ μ νμ 맡ν (selective mapping) μ΄λΌλ κΈ°λ²μ μ μνλ€. μ 체 LASDRA μμ€ν
μ μνμΆμ μ μν΄ μμ€ν
μ 기ꡬνμ ꡬμ쑰건μ λ§μ‘±νλ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ»μ μ μλλ‘ κ΅¬μ μΉΌλ§ νν° κΈ°λ°μ μνμΆμ κΈ°λ²μ μ μνκ³ , μμ€ν
νμ₯μ±μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ λ° λΆμ° (semi-distributed) κ°λ
μ μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦μ ν¨κ» μ μνλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μμ°μ€λ¬μ΄ μμ§μμ μμ±μ μνμ¬ CPG κΈ°λ°μ λͺ¨μ
μμ± νλ μμν¬λ₯Ό μ μνλ©°, κΈ°κ³ νμ΅ λ°©λ²μ ν΅ν΄ CPG μμ°μ° λͺ¨λΈμ μ»μμΌλ‘μ¨ μ 체 μμ€ν
μ΄ μνλ μμ§μμ λΌ μ μλλ‘ νλ€.1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation and Background 1
1.2 Research Problems and Approach 3
1.3 Preview of Contributions 5
2 Omni-Directional Aerial Robot 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Mechanical Design 12
2.2.1 Design Description 12
2.2.2 Wrench-Maximizing Design Optimization 13
2.3 System Modeling and Control Design 20
2.3.1 System Modeling 20
2.3.2 Pose Trajectory Tracking Control 22
2.3.3 Hybrid Pose/Wrench Control 22
2.3.4 PSPM-Based Teleoperation 24
2.4 Control Allocation with Selective Mapping 27
2.4.1 Infinity-Norm Minimization 27
2.4.2 ESC-Induced Singularity and Selective Mapping 29
2.5 Experiment 38
2.5.1 System Setup 38
2.5.2 Experiment Results 41
2.6 Conclusion 49
3 Pose and Posture Estimation of an Aerial Skeleton System 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Preliminary 53
3.3 Pose and Posture Estimation 55
3.3.1 Estimation Algorithm via SCKF 55
3.3.2 Semi-Distributed Version of Algorithm 59
3.4 Simulation 62
3.5 Experiment 65
3.5.1 System Setup 65
3.5.2 Experiment of SCKF-Based Estimation Algorithm 66
3.6 Conclusion 69
4 CPG-Based Motion Generation 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Description of Entire Framework 75
4.2.1 LASDRA System 75
4.2.2 Snake-Like Robot & Pivotboard 77
4.3 CPG Model 79
4.3.1 LASDRA System 79
4.3.2 Snake-Like Robot 80
4.3.3 Pivotboard 83
4.4 Target Pose Calculation with Expected Physics 84
4.5 Inverse Model Learning 86
4.5.1 LASDRA System 86
4.5.2 Snake-Like Robot 89
4.5.3 Pivotboard 90
4.6 CPG Parameter Adaptation 93
4.7 Simulation 94
4.7.1 LASDRA System 94
4.7.2 Snake-Like Robot & Pivotboard 97
4.8 Conclusion 101
5 Outdoor Flight Experiment of the F-LASDRA System 103
5.1 System Setup 103
5.2 Experiment Results 104
6 Conclusion 111
6.1 Summary 111
6.2 Future Works 112Docto
Research in orbit determination optimization for space trajectories
Research data covering orbit determination, optimization techniques, and trajectory design for manned space flights are summarized
The aerodynamic challenges of the design and development of the space shuttle orbiter
The major aerodynamic design challenge at the beginning of the United States Space Transportation System (STS) research and development phase was to design a vehicle that would fly as a spacecraft during early entry and as an aircraft during the final phase of entry. The design was further complicated because the envisioned vehicle was statically unstable during a portion of the aircraft mode of operation. The second challenge was the development of preflight aerodynamic predictions with an accuracy consistent with conducting a manned flight on the initial orbital flight. A brief history of the early contractual studies is presented highlighting the technical results and management decisions influencing the aerodynamic challenges. The configuration evolution and the development of preflight aerodynamic predictions will be reviewed. The results from the first four test flights shows excellent agreement with the preflight aerodynamic predictions over the majority of the flight regimes. The only regimes showing significant disagreement is confined primarily to early entry, where prediction of the basic vehicle trim and the influence of the reaction control system jets on the flow field were found to be deficient. Postflight results are analyzed to explain these prediction deficiencies
A case for adaptive sub-carrier level power allocation in OFDMA networks
In today's OFDMA networks, the transmission power is typically fixed and the same for all the sub-carriers that compose a channel. The sub-carriers though, experience different degrees of fading and thus, the received power is different for different sub-carriers; while some frequencies experience deep fades, others are relatively unaffected. In this paper, we make a case of redistributing the power across the sub-carriers (subject to a fixed power budget constraint) to better cope with this frequency selectivity. Specifically, we design a joint power and rate adaptation scheme (called JPRA for short) wherein power redistribution is combined with sub-carrier level rate adaptation to yield significant throughput benefits. We further consider two variants of JPRA: (a) JPRA-CR where, the power is redistributed across sub-carriers so as to support a maximum common rate (CR) across sub-carriers and (b) JPRA-MT where, the goal is to redistribute power such that the transmission time of a packet is minimized. While the first variant decreases transceiver complexity and is simpler, the second is geared towards achieving the maximum throughput possible. We implement both variants of JPRA on our WARP radio testbed. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our scheme provides a 35% improvement in total network throughput in testbed experiments compared to FARA, a scheme where only sub-carrier level rate adaptation is used. We also perform simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of JPRA in larger scale networks. Β© 2012 ACM
Multi-carrier CDMA using convolutional coding and interference cancellation
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN016251 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
- β¦