339,685 research outputs found
Realtime processing of LOFAR data for the detection of nano-second pulses from the Moon
The low flux of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) at the highest
energies provides a challenge to answer the long standing question about their
origin and nature. Even lower fluxes of neutrinos with energies above
eV are predicted in certain Grand-Unifying-Theories (GUTs) and e.g.\ models for
super-heavy dark matter (SHDM). The significant increase in detector volume
required to detect these particles can be achieved by searching for the
nano-second radio pulses that are emitted when a particle interacts in Earth's
moon with current and future radio telescopes.
In this contribution we present the design of an online analysis and trigger
pipeline for the detection of nano-second pulses with the LOFAR radio
telescope. The most important steps of the processing pipeline are digital
focusing of the antennas towards the Moon, correction of the signal for
ionospheric dispersion, and synthesis of the time-domain signal from the
polyphased-filtered signal in frequency domain. The implementation of the
pipeline on a GPU/CPU cluster will be discussed together with the computing
performance of the prototype.Comment: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computing in High
Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP2016), US
Designer cell signal processing circuits for biotechnology
Microorganisms are able to respond effectively to diverse signals from their environment and internal metabolism owing to their inherent sophisticated information processing capacity. A central aim of synthetic biology is to control and reprogramme the signal processing pathways within living cells so as to realise repurposed, beneficial applications ranging from disease diagnosis and environmental sensing to chemical bioproduction. To date most examples of synthetic biological signal processing have been built based on digital information flow, though analogue computing is being developed to cope with more complex operations and larger sets of variables. Great progress has been made in expanding the categories of characterised biological components that can be used for cellular signal manipulation, thereby allowing synthetic biologists to more rationally programme increasingly complex behaviours into living cells. Here we present a current overview of the components and strategies that exist for designer cell signal processing and decision making, discuss how these have been implemented in prototype systems for therapeutic, environmental, and industrial biotechnological applications, and examine emerging challenges in this promising field
Mapping our Universe in 3D with MITEoR
Mapping our universe in 3D by imaging the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral
hydrogen has the potential to overtake the cosmic microwave background as our
most powerful cosmological probe, because it can map a much larger volume of
our Universe, shedding new light on the epoch of reionization, inflation, dark
matter, dark energy, and neutrino masses. We report on MITEoR, a pathfinder
low-frequency radio interferometer whose goal is to test technologies that
greatly reduce the cost of such 3D mapping for a given sensitivity. MITEoR
accomplishes this by using massive baseline redundancy both to enable automated
precision calibration and to cut the correlator cost scaling from N^2 to NlogN,
where N is the number of antennas. The success of MITEoR with its 64
dual-polarization elements bodes well for the more ambitious HERA project,
which would incorporate many identical or similar technologies using an order
of magnitude more antennas, each with dramatically larger collecting area.Comment: To be published in proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Symposium
on Phased Array Systems & Technolog
Digital signal processing: the impact of convergence on education, society and design flow
Design and development of real-time, memory and processor hungry digital signal processing systems has for decades been accomplished on general-purpose microprocessors. Increasing needs for high-performance DSP systems made these microprocessors unattractive for such implementations. Various attempts to improve the performance of these systems resulted in the use of dedicated digital signal processing devices like DSP processors and the former heavyweight champion of electronics design â Application Specific Integrated Circuits.
The advent of RAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays has changed the DSP design flow. Software algorithmic designers can now take their DSP algorithms right from inception to hardware implementation, thanks to the increasing availability of software/hardware design flow or hardware/software co-design. This has led to a demand in the industry for graduates with good skills in both Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. This paper evaluates the impact of technology on DSP-based designs, hardware design languages, and how graduate/undergraduate courses have changed to suit this transition
Design exploration and performance strategies towards power-efficient FPGA-based achitectures for sound source localization
Many applications rely on MEMS microphone arrays for locating sound sources prior to their execution. Those applications not only are executed under real-time constraints but also are often embedded on low-power devices. These environments become challenging when increasing the number of microphones or requiring dynamic responses. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are usually chosen due to their flexibility and computational power. This work intends to guide the design of reconfigurable acoustic beamforming architectures, which are not only able to accurately determine the sound Direction-Of-Arrival (DoA) but also capable to satisfy the most demanding applications in terms of power efficiency. Design considerations of the required operations performing the sound location are discussed and analysed in order to facilitate the elaboration of reconfigurable acoustic beamforming architectures. Performance strategies are proposed and evaluated based on the characteristics of the presented architecture. This power-efficient architecture is compared to a different architecture prioritizing performance in order to reveal the unavoidable design trade-offs
The Fundamentals of Radar with Applications to Autonomous Vehicles
Radar systems can be extremely useful for applications in autonomous vehicles. This paper seeks to show how radar systems function and how they can apply to improve autonomous vehicles. First, the basics of radar systems are presented to introduce the basic terminology involved with radar. Then, the topic of phased arrays is presented because of their application to autonomous vehicles. The topic of digital signal processing is also discussed because of its importance for all modern radar systems. Finally, examples of radar systems based on the presented knowledge are discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of radar systems in autonomous vehicles
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