931 research outputs found
An Overview on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modalities: Methods, Challenges, and Future Works
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder that typically emerges in late
adolescence or early adulthood. It reduces the life expectancy of patients by
15 years. Abnormal behavior, perception of emotions, social relationships, and
reality perception are among its most significant symptoms. Past studies have
revealed the temporal and anterior lobes of hippocampus regions of brain get
affected by SZ. Also, increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
decreased volume of white and gray matter can be observed due to this disease.
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the popular neuroimaging technique used
to explore structural/functional brain abnormalities in SZ disorder owing to
its high spatial resolution. Various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques
have been employed with advanced image/signal processing methods to obtain
accurate diagnosis of SZ. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of
studies conducted on automated diagnosis of SZ using MRI modalities. Main
findings, various challenges, and future works in developing the automated SZ
detection are described in this paper
Classifying post-traumatic stress disorder using the magnetoencephalographic connectome and machine learning
Given the subjective nature of conventional diagnostic methods for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an objectively measurable biomarker is highly desirable; especially to clinicians and researchers. Macroscopic neural circuits measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) has previously been shown to be indicative of the PTSD phenotype and severity. In the present study, we employed a machine learning-based classification framework using MEG neural synchrony to distinguish combat-related PTSD from trauma-exposed controls. Support vector machine (SVM) was used as the core classification algorithm. A recursive random forest feature selection step was directly incorporated in the nested SVM cross validation process (CV-SVM-rRF-FS) for identifying the most important features for PTSD classification. For the five frequency bands tested, the CV-SVM-rRF-FS analysis selected the minimum numbers of edges per frequency that could serve as a PTSD signature and be used as the basis for SVM modelling. Many of the selected edges have been reported previously to be core in PTSD pathophysiology, with frequency-specific patterns also observed. Furthermore, the independent partial least squares discriminant analysis suggested low bias in the machine learning process. The final SVM models built with selected features showed excellent PTSD classification performance (area-under-curve value up to 0.9). Testament to its robustness when distinguishing individuals from a heavily traumatised control group, these developments for a classification model for PTSD also provide a comprehensive machine learning-based computational framework for classifying other mental health challenges using MEG connectome profiles
Schizophrenia classification using machine learning on resting state EEG signal
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with a wide spectrum of cognitive and neurophysiological
dysfunctions. Early diagnosis is still difficult and based on the manifestation of the disorder. In this study, we
have evaluated whether machine learning techniques can help in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and proposed a
processing pipeline in order to obtain machine learning classifiers of schizophrenia based on resting state EEG
data. We have computed well-known linear and non-linear measures on sliding windows of the EEG data,
selected those measures which better differentiate between patients and healthy controls, and combined them
through principal component analysis. These components were finally used as features in five standard machine
learning algorithms: k-nearest neighbours (kNN), logistic regression (LR), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF)
and support vector machines (SVM). Complexity measures showed a high level of ability in differentiating
schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. These differences between groups were mainly located in a
delimited zone of the right brain hemisphere, corresponding to the opercular area and the temporal pole. Based
on the area under the curve parameter in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we obtained high
classification power in almost all of the machine learning algorithms tested: SVM (0.89), RF (0.87), LR (0.86),
kNN (0.86) and DT (0.68). Our results suggest that the proposed processing pipeline on resting state EEG data is
able to easily compute and select a set of features which allow standard machine learning algorithms to perform
very efficiently in differentiating schizophrenia patients from healthy subjects.Spanish Government
European Commission PID2019-105145RB-I00
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103
Individualized differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and mood disorders using neuroanatomical biomarkers
Magnetic resonance imaging-based markers of schizophrenia have been repeatedly shown to separate patients from healthy controls at the single-subject level, but it remains unclear whether these markers reliably distinguish schizophrenia from mood disorders across the life span and generalize to new patients as well as to early stages of these illnesses. The current study used structural MRI-based multivariate pattern classification to (i) identify and cross-validate a differential diagnostic signature separating patients with first-episode and recurrent stages of schizophrenia (n = 158) from patients with major depression (n = 104); and (ii) quantify the impact of major clinical variables, including disease stage, age of disease onset and accelerated brain ageing on the signature's classification performance. This diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging signature was then evaluated in an independent patient cohort from two different centres to test its generalizability to individuals with bipolar disorder (n = 35), first-episode psychosis (n = 23) and clinically defined at-risk mental states for psychosis (n = 89). Neuroanatomical diagnosis was correct in 80% and 72% of patients with major depression and schizophrenia, respectively, and involved a pattern of prefronto-temporo-limbic volume reductions and premotor, somatosensory and subcortical increments in schizophrenia versus major depression. Diagnostic performance was not influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia or psychotic symptoms in major depression, but earlier disease onset and accelerated brain ageing promoted misclassification in major depression due to an increased neuroanatomical schizophrenia likeness of these patients. Furthermore, disease stage significantly moderated neuroanatomical diagnosis as recurrently-ill patients had higher misclassification rates (major depression: 23%; schizophrenia: 29%) than first-episode patients (major depression: 15%; schizophrenia: 12%). Finally, the trained biomarker assigned 74% of the bipolar patients to the major depression group, while 83% of the first-episode psychosis patients and 77% and 61% of the individuals with an ultra-high risk and low-risk state, respectively, were labelled with schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that neuroanatomical information may provide generalizable diagnostic tools distinguishing schizophrenia from mood disorders early in the course of psychosis. Disease course-related variables such as age of disease onset and disease stage as well alterations of structural brain maturation may strongly impact on the neuroanatomical separability of major depression and schizophrenia
An overview of artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosis of Schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging modalities: Methods, challenges, and future works
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder that typically emerges in late adolescence
or early adulthood. It reduces the life expectancy of patients by 15 years.
Abnormal behavior, perception of emotions, social relationships, and reality
perception are among its most significant symptoms. Past studies have revealed
that SZ affects the temporal and anterior lobes of hippocampus regions of the brain. Also, increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and decreased
volume of white and gray matter can be observed due to this disease. Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) is the popular neuroimaging technique used to
explore structural/functional brain abnormalities in SZ disorder, owing to its
high spatial resolution. Various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been
employed with advanced image/signal processing methods to accurately diagnose
SZ. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of studies conducted on
the automated diagnosis of SZ using MRI modalities. First, an AI-based computer
aided-diagnosis system (CADS) for SZ diagnosis and its relevant sections
are presented. Then, this section introduces the most important conventional
machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques in the diagnosis of
diagnosing SZ. A comprehensive comparison is also made between ML and DL
studies in the discussion section. In the following, the most important challenges
in diagnosing SZ are addressed. Future works in diagnosing SZ using AI
techniques and MRI modalities are recommended in another section. Results,
conclusion, and research findings are also presented at the end.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
(España)/ FEDER under the RTI2018-098913-B100 projectConsejerÃa de EconomÃa, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de AndalucÃa) and
FEDER under CV20-45250 and A-TIC-080-UGR18 project
Social media mental health analysis framework through applied computational approaches
Studies have shown that mental illness burdens not only public health and productivity but also established market economies throughout the world. However, mental disorders are difficult to diagnose and monitor through traditional methods, which heavily rely on interviews, questionnaires and surveys, resulting in high under-diagnosis and under-treatment rates. The increasing use of online social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, is now a common part of people’s everyday life. The continuous and real-time user-generated content often reflects feelings, opinions, social status and behaviours of individuals, creating an unprecedented wealth of person-specific information. With advances in data science, social media has already been increasingly employed in population health monitoring and more recently mental health applications to understand mental disorders as well as to develop online screening and intervention tools. However, existing research efforts are still in their infancy, primarily aimed at highlighting the potential of employing social media in mental health research. The majority of work is developed on ad hoc datasets and lacks a systematic research pipeline. [Continues.]</div
- …