Diacritical Companions

International audienceCoinductive reasoning in terms of bisimulations is in practice routinely supported by carefully crafted up-to techniques that can greatly simplify proofs. However, designing and proving such bisimulation enhancements sound can be challenging, especially when striving for modularity. In this article, we present a theory of up-to techniques that builds on the notion of companion introduced by Pous and that extends our previous work which allows for powerful up-to techniques defined in terms of diacritical progress of relations. The theory of diacritical companion that we put forward works in any complete lattice and makes it possible to modularly prove soundness of up-to techniques which rely on the distinction between passive and active progresses, such as up to context in λ-calculi with control operators and extensionality

Effectiveness of query expansion in searching the Holy Quran

Modern Arabic text is written without diacritical marks (short vowels), which causes considerable ambiguity at the word level in the absence of context. Exceptional from this is the Holy Quran, which is endorsed with short vowels and other marks to preserve the pronunciation and hence, the correctness of sensing its words. Searching for a word in vowelized text requires typing and matching all its diacritical marks, which is cumbersome and preventing learners from searching and understanding the text. The other way around, is to ignore these marks and fall in the problem of ambiguity. In this paper, we provide a novel diacritic-less searching approach to retrieve from the Quran relevant verses that match a user’s query through automatic query expansion techniques. The proposed approach utilizes a relational database search engine that is scalable, portable across RDBMS platforms, and provides fast and sophisticated retrieval. The results are presented and the applied approach reveals future directions for search engines

The Marking of Poetry: A Rare Vocalization System from an Early Qurʾān Manuscript in Chicago, Paris, and Doha

In 1939, Nabia Abbott published her groundbreaking book on Arabic paleography, The Rise of the North Arabic Script. In its preface, she admits that it was not her intention to produce such an extensive work – at least not at that time – and that her original goal was simply to catalog the Qurʾān manuscripts at the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute. She explains

Bible or Qur\u27ān? Which Passes the Bibliographical Test

A customary interrogation tactic used against Christians is to question the transmissional accuracy of the Bible from the Apostle’s writing to the present. Muslims are especially antagonistic in this accusation while asserting the superiority of the Qur’ān to near perfect transmissional accuracy. However, they are egregiously mistaken in these assertions. Though on the surface, the bibliographical test might begin to look like the Qur’ān may surpass the Bible, a more in-depth investigation proves otherwise. The fact that the Qur’ān does not, and never has, had a sole autograph but, instead, many varying writings attempting to preserve Mohammad’s teachings. Then later attempts to create a canonical book melding these various readings into one makes it impossible to trace what the original writings stated at all. Whereas the Bible can be recreated nearly word for word accuracy of the writers’ original autographs. Furthermore, few of the Muslim assertions of manuscript numbers and dates can be backed up by scholarly research, instead, they come from estimations or poor scholarship. These poorly done scholarly works break down the Qur’ān’s strength in the bibliographical test even further, yet the Bible’s numbers and dates have been diligently studied and recorded by scholars both from within the faith and outside with minuscule deviations

The Rules of The Dhabt of The Quran and The Law of Writing in The Mushaf of The Qur'an

The study of the science of Qur'ānic dhabt in this paper aims to provide a specific explanation of the rules of dhabt and the law of writing in the Qur'ānic mushaf. This effort is necessary considering that there are various models of writing and their use so that the validity of the meaning of the Qur'an can be maintained. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Literature analysis in this study is based on two primary sources, namely Samir at-Thalibin fi ar-Rasmi wa Dhabth al-Kitab al-Mubin by Ali Muhammad ad-Dhabba' and Irsyad at-Thalibin Ila Dhabth al-Kitab al-Mubin by Muhammad Sâlim Muhaisîn. Based on the analysis that has been done, it is known that the rules of dhabt science explain specifically about the marking of vowels and tannins, writing tannin signs related to the end of the word, writing rules for tannin signs related to the letter after it, writing rules for Nun Sakinah signs related to the letter after it, writing rules for Ikhtilas Izharum and Imalah signs, writing rules for Tasydid signs, writing rules for Tasydid signs, writing rules for Mad signs, writing rules for Izhar and Idgham signs, writing rules for hamzah signs. Opinions, there are those who disallow them (Abdullah ibn Umar ra, Abdullah ibn Mas'ud ra, Qatadah, Ibn Sirin, who allow (al-Kisa'i, Rabi'ah bi Abdurrrahman, al-Laits, Abu al- Aswad, etc.)

A Complete Normal-Form Bisimilarity for Algebraic Effects and Handlers

We present a complete coinductive syntactic theory for an untyped calculus of algebraic operations and handlers, a relatively recent concept that augments a programming language with unprecedented flexibility to define, combine and interpret computational effects. Our theory takes the form of a normal-form bisimilarity and its soundness w.r.t. contextual equivalence hinges on using so-called context variables to test evaluation contexts comprising normal forms other than values. The theory is formulated in purely syntactic elementary terms and its completeness demonstrates the discriminating power of handlers. It crucially takes advantage of the clean separation of effect handling code from effect raising construct, a distinctive feature of algebraic effects, not present in other closely related control structures such as delimited-control operators

Spartan Daily, March 13, 1981

Volume 76, Issue 33https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/6737/thumbnail.jp