Polishing of Mould Surfaces

Finishing of mould surfaces is in most cases made by manual labour. It is an extremely laborious operation which demands a lot of time, so it is very expensive. The mechanisation or robot application seems to be a possible solution. The term of mechanisation is to recognise the relationship between the waviness, striation and roughness of the surfaces before and after the machining. So, the type of the tool, the cutting speed, feed rate and the radial force between the surface of the workpiece and the tool can be determined. To detect the connections and to determine the cutting parameters rubbing and polishing experiments are made on flat workpieces made of several structural materials prepared by different cutting methods. The results and experiences can be used during the polishing by robots. It could be a faster and more economical solution of the finishing of mould surfaces than the actual employed method. Instead of applying human force to automate this process a robot with the polishing tool is introduced. The data needed for generating the polishing path are taken from both the postprocessor of a CAD system and a control program. To firm the optimal cutting conditions the pushing force between the tool and the workpiece surface needed to be controlled. An open structured robot control method is the solution of this task

Maritime expressions:a corpus based exploration of maritime metaphors

This study uses a purpose-built corpus to explore the linguistic legacy of Britain’s maritime history found in the form of hundreds of specialised ‘Maritime Expressions’ (MEs), such as TAKEN ABACK, ANCHOR and ALOOF, that permeate modern English. Selecting just those expressions commencing with ’A’, it analyses 61 MEs in detail and describes the processes by which these technical expressions, from a highly specialised occupational discourse community, have made their way into modern English. The Maritime Text Corpus (MTC) comprises 8.8 million words, encompassing a range of text types and registers, selected to provide a cross-section of ‘maritime’ writing. It is analysed using WordSmith analytical software (Scott, 2010), with the 100 million-word British National Corpus (BNC) as a reference corpus. Using the MTC, a list of keywords of specific salience within the maritime discourse has been compiled and, using frequency data, concordances and collocations, these MEs are described in detail and their use and form in the MTC and the BNC is compared. The study examines the transformation from ME to figurative use in the general discourse, in terms of form and metaphoricity. MEs are classified according to their metaphorical strength and their transference from maritime usage into new registers and domains such as those of business, politics, sports and reportage etc. A revised model of metaphoricity is developed and a new category of figurative expression, the ‘resonator’, is proposed. Additionally, developing the work of Lakov and Johnson, Kovesces and others on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), a number of Maritime Conceptual Metaphors are identified and their cultural significance is discussed