76 research outputs found

    La traduzione specializzata allโ€™opera per una piccola impresa in espansione: la mia esperienza di internazionalizzazione in cinese di Bioreticsยฉ S.r.l.

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    Global markets are currently immersed in two all-encompassing and unstoppable processes: internationalization and globalization. While the former pushes companies to look beyond the borders of their country of origin to forge relationships with foreign trading partners, the latter fosters the standardization in all countries, by reducing spatiotemporal distances and breaking down geographical, political, economic and socio-cultural barriers. In recent decades, another domain has appeared to propel these unifying drives: Artificial Intelligence, together with its high technologies aiming to implement human cognitive abilities in machinery. The โ€œLanguage Toolkit โ€“ Le lingue straniere al servizio dellโ€™internazionalizzazione dellโ€™impresaโ€ project, promoted by the Department of Interpreting and Translation (Forlรฌ Campus) in collaboration with the Romagna Chamber of Commerce (Forlรฌ-Cesena and Rimini), seeks to help Italian SMEs make their way into the global market. It is precisely within this project that this dissertation has been conceived. Indeed, its purpose is to present the translation and localization project from English into Chinese of a series of texts produced by Bioreticsยฉ S.r.l.: an investor deck, the company website and part of the installation and use manual of the Aliquisยฉ framework software, its flagship product. This dissertation is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents the project and the company in detail; Chapter 2 outlines the internationalization and globalization processes and the Artificial Intelligence market both in Italy and in China; Chapter 3 provides the theoretical foundations for every aspect related to Specialized Translation, including website localization; Chapter 4 describes the resources and tools used to perform the translations; Chapter 5 proposes an analysis of the source texts; Chapter 6 is a commentary on translation strategies and choices

    MataDoc: Margin and Text Aware Document Dewarping for Arbitrary Boundary

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    Document dewarping from a distorted camera-captured image is of great value for OCR and document understanding. The document boundary plays an important role which is more evident than the inner region in document dewarping. Current learning-based methods mainly focus on complete boundary cases, leading to poor document correction performance of documents with incomplete boundaries. In contrast to these methods, this paper proposes MataDoc, the first method focusing on arbitrary boundary document dewarping with margin and text aware regularizations. Specifically, we design the margin regularization by explicitly considering background consistency to enhance boundary perception. Moreover, we introduce word position consistency to keep text lines straight in rectified document images. To produce a comprehensive evaluation of MataDoc, we propose a novel benchmark ArbDoc, mainly consisting of document images with arbitrary boundaries in four typical scenarios. Extensive experiments confirm the superiority of MataDoc with consideration for the incomplete boundary on ArbDoc and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on DocUNet, DIR300, and WarpDoc datasets.Comment: 12 page

    End-to-End Document Classification and Key Information Extraction using Assignment Optimization

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    We propose end-to-end document classification and key information extraction (KIE) for automating document processing in forms. Through accurate document classification we harness known information from templates to enhance KIE from forms. We use text and layout encoding with a cosine similarity measure to classify visually-similar documents. We then demonstrate a novel application of mixed integer programming by using assignment optimization to extract key information from documents. Our approach is validated on an in-house dataset of noisy scanned forms. The best performing document classification approach achieved 0.97 f1 score. A mean f1 score of 0.94 for the KIE task suggests there is significant potential in applying optimization techniques. Abation results show that the method relies on document preprocessing techniques to mitigate Type II errors and achieve optimal performance.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

    Evolution and Control of Coupled Flow Separation and Streamwise Vorticity Concentrations within Offset Diffusers

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    The flow in offset or serpentine diffusers is dominated by streamwise vorticity concentrations that advect of low-momentum fluid from the diffuserโ€™s surfaces into the core flow. These effects contribute to overall losses and give rise to flow distortion along the diffuser. Because the formation of these vortices is strongly coupled to locally separated flow domains over the curved surfaces in the diffuserโ€™s turns, the present experimental investigations exploit this coupling for controlling their evolution to mitigate the induced flow distortion and losses. The present investigations progress from a relatively mild offset diffuser in which the coupling mechanism between a concentration of trapped vorticity and the formation of streamwise vortices can be investigated to a more severe, serpentine configuration that is ultimately equipped with a cowl inlet. Active flow control based on fluidic actuation is used to control the formation and evolution of the vortices and thereby mitigate their adverse effects. The fundamental mechanisms by which the actuation methods (fluidic oscillating jets, autonomous bleed) control the flow are investigated using static and total pressures, pressure sensitive paint (PSP), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and surface oil visualization. It is shown that the evolution (strength and topology) of these vortices and hence their adverse effects can be considerably altered both at the inlet cowl and at the separation domains over the diffuserโ€™s turns with significant reductions in flow distortions and losses.Ph.D

    Aerodynamics of finite-span inclined flat plates in ground proximity

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    Photovoltaic power generation has grown to become a multi-billion dollar global sector, aiding in the switch to renewable energy sources to limit the progress of climate change. However, relatively high energy production costs at the utility scale currently limits capacity expansion. A comprehensive understanding of salient flow physics and the relation to associated aerodynamic loading are critical in reducing costs through appropriate sizing of support structures, improving site selection criteria, and providing guidance for future load reducing flow control strategies. The research presented in this thesis is centred around this effort, as flow development and aerodynamic loading on finite-span inclined flat plates in close ground proximity subject to both steady and unsteady flow conditions are experimentally investigated. The supporting data consists of direct force measurements, surface flow visualization, and particle image velocimetry. In the first part of the thesis, the influence of aspect ratio, pitch angle, and ground proximity under steady headwind and tailwind conditions on the aerodynamic forcing and flow over inclined flat plates was investigated. Ground proximity-related effects are most notable when the plate was closer than 0.75 chord lengths from the ground, near the stall angle, where pronounced changes in the midspan and wake flow development take place. The modulation of free flight aerodynamics by ground proximity is dependent on the specific combination of aspect ratio, angle of attack, and wind direction. Notably, for headwinds, the increase in static pressure on the underside leads to increased aerodynamic loads, while for tailwinds, either a decrease or insensitivity in aerodynamic loads is observed with closer ground proximity depending on the aspect ratio. In the second part of the thesis, the yaw angle of a square plate at an angle of attack of 30ยฐ was varied between 0ยฐ and 180ยฐ to simulate steady wind directions. Ground effect-related aerodynamic changes are strongly dependent on yaw angle. Between yaw angles of 0ยฐ and 90ยฐ, a ground height invariant suction side flow is observed; however, the aerodynamic loading increases due to a higher static pressure on the ground facing area relative to free flight conditions. For yaw angles between 90ยฐ and 120ยฐ, the suction side and thus the loading is ground height invariant. Between yaw angles of 120ยฐ and 150ยฐ, notable sting effects confound any ground proximity related effects. Further increase in yaw angle, up to 180ยฐ, leads to an onset of stall with decreasing ground proximity reducing the aerodynamic loading. For the third part of the thesis, the aerodynamics of a square inclined plate under moderate ground effect is investigated for yaw angles between 0ยฐ and 30ยฐ. Transient changes in wind direction was modelled by a yaw rotation from 0ยฐ and 30ยฐ as well as from 30ยฐ and 0ยฐ, over 3.8 convective time units. Peak transient lift coefficients are above 10% of steady state levels immediately following the yaw rotation. Both the tip vortex circulations and the lift coefficient exhibit a consistent hysteresis, highlighting the important role tip vortices play in lift generation under dynamic conditions

    Seeding-free inlet flow distortion measurement by filtered Rayleigh scattering: diagnostic approach and verification

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    The expected close coupling between engine and fuselage of future aero-engine architectures will lead to highly distorted inflows at the engine face, presenting a major design risk for efficient and reliable engine operation. In particular, the increase in flow unsteadiness is perceived as a significant challenge. In this context, the Cranfield Complex Intake Test Facility (CCITF) is currently being installed at Cranfield University to reproduce the anticipated level of total pressure and swirl distortion arising from novel, closely coupled airframe-engine configurations. To address the expected demand for much more comprehensive flow field data, it is intended to establish the filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) technique for non-intrusive testing of aero-engine intake flows. Unlike the previously used particle image velocimetry (PIV) or Doppler global velocimetry (DGV), which are limited to the measurement of a single flow quantity, FRS can be used for the combined planar measurement of velocity and scalar fields without the need to add a flow tracer. In this study, an FRS concept with the ability to simultaneously measure high-accuracy time-averaged and time-resolved three-component velocity, static pressure and temperature fields is verified on a simplified mock-up of the CCITF facility. Time-averaged results show excellent agreement with benchmark laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) velocities, static pressure probe measurements and analytical temperature calculations. Moreover, it is shown that the developed concept can be used to determine multiple flow variables from a single-frequency measurement, opening the path towards time-resolved multi-parameter measurements by FRS

    Deep Unrestricted Document Image Rectification

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    In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made on document image rectification, but existing advanced algorithms are limited to processing restricted document images, i.e., the input images must incorporate a complete document. Once the captured image merely involves a local text region, its rectification quality is degraded and unsatisfactory. Our previously proposed DocTr, a transformer-assisted network for document image rectification, also suffers from this limitation. In this work, we present DocTr++, a novel unified framework for document image rectification, without any restrictions on the input distorted images. Our major technical improvements can be concluded in three aspects. Firstly, we upgrade the original architecture by adopting a hierarchical encoder-decoder structure for multi-scale representation extraction and parsing. Secondly, we reformulate the pixel-wise mapping relationship between the unrestricted distorted document images and the distortion-free counterparts. The obtained data is used to train our DocTr++ for unrestricted document image rectification. Thirdly, we contribute a real-world test set and metrics applicable for evaluating the rectification quality. To our best knowledge, this is the first learning-based method for the rectification of unrestricted document images. Extensive experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method. We hope our DocTr++ will serve as a strong baseline for generic document image rectification, prompting the further advancement and application of learning-based algorithms. The source code and the proposed dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/fh2019ustc/DocTr-Plus

    Thermal Performance and Fluid Flow Studies of Twisted Tape Inserts Using Scaled Surrogate Fluids for Molten Salt Energy Applications

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    Global energy consumption is expected to increase with population growth and innovative clean sources of energy are sought out that can help meet the needs of a continuously power-hungry world. Some of these innovative sources of energy use molten salts as their operating and cooling fluid, such as fission reactors, fusion reactors, and solar power with energy storage. Molten salts are considered due to their efficient heat transfer properties, thermal energy storage capabilities, and high operating temperatures. To expedite their deployment, a further understanding of the heat transfer systems is required to accurately design and develop the heat transfer components and increase their efficiency. This is typically done through experimental campaigns and computational tools, though the computational tools require further validation and verification usually done through experiments. Experimental molten salt heat transfer campaigns can be inherently costly for a university laboratory setting. This work investigated the viability of water as a surrogate fluid for five different molten salts for heat transfer experiments. A methodology was explored to understand the inherent differences, or distortions, that arise when utilizing a surrogate fluid for heat transfer experiments, and it demonstrated water to be a viable surrogate for these five molten salts. The distortions calculated can be better accounted for and improved with improved uncertainty in the thermophysical properties of the molten salts. Thermal performance studies were conducted using water as a surrogate fluid for a passive heat transfer enhancement technique, i.e. twisted tape inserts, that is considered for high heat flux applications. Friction factor, Nusselt number, and thermal performance factor data were obtained for a variety of twisted tape insert geometries and operating conditions. A clear dependence on the width of the twisted tape insert was observed that is not fully accounted for in the leading correlations found in the literature. Friction factor and Nusselt number correlation adjustments were made to better match the current experimental data. Additionally, higher thermal performance was observed at lower Reynolds numbers when using twisted tape inserts. Fluid flow studies were done on three different twisted tape inserts for three Reynolds numbers of 17,700, 8,000, and 4,000. Flow structures such as high-velocity islands, inflow regions, secondary flow regions, and vortices were observed similar to those found in the literature. Additionally, the flow crossing between the gap of the twisted tape and the circular pipe for smaller widths dominated the transaxial flow. This resulted in vortices near the gaps that further propagated throughout the semi-circular geometry which can lead to further flow separation, lower heat transfer, and higher wall temperatures for loose-fitting twisted tape inserts. It is thus recommended to use twisted tape inserts that have a width-to-diameter ratio (w/D) as close to one as possible

    DocTr: Document Image Transformer for Geometric Unwarping and Illumination Correction

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    In this work, we propose a new framework, called Document Image Transformer (DocTr), to address the issue of geometry and illumination distortion of the document images. Specifically, DocTr consists of a geometric unwarping transformer and an illumination correction transformer. By setting a set of learned query embedding, the geometric unwarping transformer captures the global context of the document image by self-attention mechanism and decodes the pixel-wise displacement solution to correct the geometric distortion. After geometric unwarping, our illumination correction transformer further removes the shading artifacts to improve the visual quality and OCR accuracy. Extensive evaluations are conducted on several datasets, and superior results are reported against the state-of-the-art methods. Remarkably, our DocTr achieves 20.02% Character Error Rate (CER), a 15% absolute improvement over the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, it also shows high efficiency on running time and parameter count. The results will be available at https://github.com/fh2019ustc/DocTr for further comparison.Comment: This paper has been accepted by ACM Multimedia 202

    ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์™€ 3์ฐจ์› ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ‰ํŒํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2022. 8. ํ˜„๋™ํ›ˆ.In recent days, most of the scanned images are obtained from mobile devices such as cameras, smartphones, and tablets rather than traditional flatbed scanners. Contrary to the scanning process of the traditional scanners, capturing process of mobile devices might be accompanied by distortions in various forms such as perspective distortion, fold distortion, and page curls. In this thesis, we propose robust dewarping methods which correct such distortions based on the document boundary and 3D reconstruction. In the first method, we construct a curvilinear grid on the document image using the document boundary and reconstruct the document surface in the three dimensional space. Then we rectify the image using a family of local homographies computed from the reconstructed document surface. Although some of the steps of the proposed method have been proposed separately in other research, our approach exploited and combined their advantages to propose a robust dewarping process in addition to improving the stability in the overall process. Moreover, we refined the process by correcting the distorted text region boundary and developed this process into an independent dewarping method which is concise, straight-forward, and robust while still producing a well-rectified document image.์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์Šค์บ”๋œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ‰ํŒ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ, ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ PC ๋“ฑ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์Šค์บ๋‹ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํœด๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์บก์ณ๋ง ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์›๊ทผ์™œ๊ณก, ์ข…์ด์˜ ์ ‘ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์™œ๊ณก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ด์˜ ํœ˜์–ด์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์™œ๊ณก ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์™œ๊ณก๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™œ๊ณก๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์™€ 3์ฐจ์› ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋””์›Œํ•‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์œ„์— ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , 3์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ณก๋ฉด์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ณก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ตญ์†Œ์  ํ˜ธ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋””์›Œํ•‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋””์›Œํ•‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 2. Review on Camera Geometry 6 2.1. Basic Camera Model 6 2.2. 3D Reconstruction Problem 8 3. Related Works 10 3.1. Dewarping Methods based on the Text-lines 10 3.2. Dewarping Methods based on the Document Boundary 11 3.3. Dewarping Methods based on the Grid Construction 12 3.4. Dewarping Methods based on the Document Surface Model in 3D Space 13 4. Document Image Dewarping based on the Document Boundary and 3D Reconstruction 15 4.1. Input Document Image Processing 17 4.1.1. Binarization of the Input Document Image 17 4.1.2. Perspective Distortion Removal using the Document Boundary 19 4.2. Grid Construction on the Document Image 21 4.3. 3D Reconstruction of the Document Surface 23 4.3.1. Geometric Model 23 4.3.2. Normalization of the Grid Corners 24 4.3.3. 3D Reconstruction of the Document Surface 26 4.4. Rectification of the Document Image under a Family of Local Homographies 27 4.5. Global Rectification of the Document Image 29 5. Document Image Dewarping by Straightening Document Boundary Curves 33 6. Conclusion 37 Appendix A. 38 A.1. 4-point Algorithm 38 A.2. Optimization of the Cost Function 40 Bibliography 42 Abstract (in Korean) 47 Acknowledgement (in Korean) 48์„
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