A Short Review on the Development of Salt Tolerant Cultivars in Rice

Rice is staple food for half of the world. With a population of almost 9.6 billion by the year 2050, there is a dire need of developing techniques to improve the crop plants, not only in terms of better yield but also to withstand harsh environmental conditions and stresses like drought, temperature, flood and salinity. Salinity is second to drought stress and hence it is very important to develop crops tolerant to salinity stress. This review discusses the mechanisms of salt tolerance and the recent developments in understanding the complex tolerance phenomena. One way to address the salinity issue is to develop tolerant rice varieties using conventional and modern breeding techniques for which screening the rice germplasm for the varieties with desired traits is critical. Conventional methods to develop tolerant rice varieties are discussed along with modern biotechnology techniques are also discussed. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) are promising techniques. In addition to these modern techniques, some recent developments in the fields of transgenic plants, haploid breeding and Somaclonal variations have also been discussed. The limited knowledge about molecular and genetic mechanisms to tolerate abiotic stresses, however is a barrier to efficiently develop tolerant cultivars. A combination of conventional and modern biotechnology techniques could possibly open up the new ways

Review on the Development of Conservation Area System in Indonesia

Lndonesia is categorized as one of the biodiversity centers in the world. The value of biological diversity as environmental, economic and social resources for maintaining the integrity and sustainability of natural systems and human life is very important. But, in other side, human development and thepopulation increase have caused the high rate of extinction of various plant and animal species. This high rate of extinction calls for a very serious and prompt action of conservation. Priority should be given to designing protected area for protection of species and ecosystem. Quantitatively, conservation development programs of Indonesia have a great achievement by designating 385 protected area which covering 22 560 545.46 ha. This paper overviews the development of protected area in lndonesia including systems, history, existing distribution, problems and obstacles, and government policy

A Review Of Tolerance Education In The Development Of Children To Adulthood

The purpose of this study is to reveal the objective facts of children to recognize differences in their developmental period to the next stage of development in society. The method of writing this article is to use primary and secondary data related to this topic. Supporting data from the author is from the results of the 2017 national religious harmony questionnaire, in the Jakarta area of Johar Baru District, Johar Baru and Kemayoran District, Kemayoran District, as primary data from this study. In this discussion the fundamental is the collection of discussion reports that are relevant to the issues discussed as secondary data, secondary data sources in the form of journal articles, news articles, books and other supporting data. The results of the discussion showed tolerance, who wanted to understand other points of view. It also means learning a different reality. Teachers and parents and even the community must be aware of the ways in which the reasons for a five-year-old child differ from the reasons for a fifteen-year-old child, it is also important to realize that school structure and expectations influence the way children grow and learn. Whereas the data questionnaire shows that the tolerance level between the two districts is in a relatively good position. The answers to the results of this study indicate that children are also accustomed to living and playing or socializing with diversity from an early age

Uneven progress in reducing exposure to violence at home for New Zealand adolescents 2001–2012: a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey series

Objective: To explore trends, and identify risk factors, that may explain changes in adolescent exposure to family violence over time.Methods: Data for this study was drawn from the Youth 2000 series of cross‐sectional surveys, carried out with New Zealand high school students in 2001, 2007 and 2012. Latent class analysis was used to understand different patterns of exposure to multiple risks for witnessing violence at home among adolescents.Results: Across all time periods, there was no change in witnessing emotional violence and a slight decline in witnessing physical violence at home. However, significant differences were noted between 2001 and 2007, and 2007 and 2012, in the proportion of adolescents who reported witnessing emotional and physical violence. Four latent classes were identified in the study sample; these were characterised by respondents' ethnicity, concerns about family relationships, food security and alcohol consumption. For two groups (characterised by food security, positive relationships and lower exposure to physical violence), there was a reduction in the proportion of respondents who witnessed physical violence but an increase in the proportion who witnessed emotional violence between 2001 and 2012. For the two groups characterised by poorer food security and higher exposure to physical violence, there were no changes in witnessing of physical violence in the home.Implications for public health: In addition to strategies directly aimed at violence, policies are needed to address key predictors of violence exposure such as social disparities, financial stress and alcohol use. These social determinants of health cannot be ignored

The ideology of sustainable tourism development: a critical review

This paper provides a background to the origins of sustainable tourism development, highlighting key areas of rationale for adoption. The paper’s main focus however will encourage the audience to question Western ideological discourse, suggesting that despite its benefits there appear many limitations associated with the adoption of sustainability principle s to include the juxtaposition of definitions, implementation difficulties and the influence of political-economic power in shaping development. As identified by Tosun (2000) in his research surrounding sustainable development in developing countries, 'any operation of principles of sustainable development necessitates hard political and economic choices, and decisions based upon complex socio-economic and environmental trade-offs'. These trade-offs appear to a greater extent to be shaped by not only the political economy within which the destination operates but also under the pressures of global political-economic forces

Scoping Review of the development of artificial eyes throughout the years

Losing an eye following trauma can lead to profound psychosocial difficulties making it imperative for the wearer to be fitted with an aesthetically pleasing custom-made artificial eye. Despite recent technological advancements, current design and manufacturing processes have remained unchanged in over 55 years. With the aim of portraying current knowledge regarding the development of artificial eyes in order to aid future development, a scooping review was conducted. Six online search engines were used: Scopus, PubMed, MedLine Complete, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Thirty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent numerical and thematic analysis with three thematic themes emerging. History and the current process of artificial eyes has been well documented, however, the impact of wearing artificial eyes is sparse. On-going research and development into the design and manufacturing processes of artificial eyes and the psychosocial impact of wearing an artificial eye is needed

Action Review of Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) on The Framework for Development of Waqf at Universitas Islam Indonesia

The establishment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) as a sustainable development effort on global issues is the responsibility of not only the United Nations and state leaders normatively, but also all levels of society. Conformity between the SDGs and maqasid al-shariah becomes the reason why Islamic institutions should contribute greatly to the achievement of the SDGs. It is very necessary for a waqf institution as a product of Islamic philanthropy to show SDGs-like attitude in achieving the waqf institution goals, including the management and development activities at YBW-UII. The study aimed at identifying and explaining the SDGs in waqf management and development at the Waqf Board Foundation (YBW) of Universitas Islam Indonesia on its framework as the holder of the highest authority in waqf development. The study used a qualitative approach with the SDGs approach, of which the primary data sources were informants from YBW UII management, and the secondary data from related documents. The results of this study showed that the YBW UII framework has a significant contribution to the SDGs. There are three main pillars of YBW UII which are closely related to the SDGs, namely the Education pillar, the Business Development pillar, and the Community Empowerment pillar. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; SDGs; YBW UII Framewor