Effect of radiation on polymerization, microstructure, and microbiological properties of whey protein in model system and whey protein based tissue adhesive development

Whey proteins are mainly a group of small globular proteins. Their structures can be modified by physical, chemical and other means to improve their functionality. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of radiation on protein-protein interaction, microstructure, and microbiological properties of whey protein-water solutions. Whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions (27-36% protein) were treated with different dosages (10-35 KGy) of gamma radiation. The protein solutions were analyzed for viscosity, turbidity, soluble nitrogen, total plate count, and yeast and mold counts. The interactions between whey proteins were also analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The viscosity of protein solution (27%, w/w) was increased from 2.19 for the control to 4.78 mPa*s for the sample treated at 25 KGy, respectively, and viscosity also increased during storage at 23°C. The soluble nitrogen (10%, w/w) was decreased from 100% to 54.7% for control and the sample treated at 35 KGy. The effects of gamma radiation and storage time on viscosity of whey protein solutions were significant (

MICROEMULSIONS: PLATFORM FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS

ABSTRACTThis study reviews that solubilization of lipophilic drugs with low aqueous solubility has been a major trust area in recent years. It can be seen thatthere is a real and continuing need for the development of effective drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their absorptionand bioavailability. One such approach might be pharmaceutical microemulsions as they have emerged as potential solubility enhancing technologies.Microemulsion system has considerable potential to act as a drug delivery vehicle by incorporating a wide range of drug molecules. Microemulsionhas got advantage like excellent thermodynamic stability, high drug solubilization capacity, improved oral bioavailability and protection againstenzymatic hydrolysis. This review focuses on the basic concept, formulation, characterization, and recent advances in microemulsions as novel drugdelivery system.Keywords: Microemulsion, Lipophilicity, Solubilization, Bioavailability, Phase behavior

Accessibility and enzymatic degradation of native and model cellulose substrates

This thesis investigated two issues relevant to the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The first part relates to the accessibility of cellulose in wood, more specifically, the impact of initial drying on wood ultrastructure. The second part of this thesis pertains to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, including a characterization of a model film of amorphous cellulose and its subsequent utilization in a fundamental evaluation of the mechanism of cellulase action. In addition, the impact of cellulase treatment on the properties and the morphology of wood pulp fibers was evaluated. The impact of drying on the ultrastructure of fresh wood was studied by deuterium exchange coupled with FT-IR analysis. Initially, the experimental concept and its reliability were evaluated using fresh wood samples. The same experimental concept was then applied to study the impact of initial drying on wood pulps of different characteristics and composition. The objective was to correlate the trends in drying-induced alterations observed for wood and for pulps, bleached chemical pulp in particular. Drying-induced alterations of a native wood sample exhibited a remarkable similarity to those observed for wood pulp samples. The results suggest that the supramolecular rearrangements in the native wood matrix upon dehydration are qualitatively identical to the well-known changes occurring in pulp fibers after drying, although the changes are considerably different in quantity. Quantitative studies of cellulose degradation by cellulase enzymes were carried out using an amorphous cellulose model film with well-defined characteristics. First, the films were extensively characterized, particularly their crystalline nature and swelling behavior. The film swelled excessively in water, doubling its thickness, but returned to the original thickness upon water removal, while retaining its amorphous nature. This film was then used as a substrate in studying the action of monocomponent endoglucanase (EG) that acts on amorphous cellulose. The study was carried out using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCMD). The main objectives were to study the impact of film thickness on the rate of hydrolysis and to directly quantify the extent of hydrolysis (decrease in thickness of films after hydrolysis). It was demonstrated that the amount of substrate available for hydrolysis did not have an impact on the rate of hydrolysis. The investigation also demonstrated impacts of various factors on the kinetic evaluation of the cellulase action. The investigation of the action of a commercial celobiohydrolase on wood pulp fibers showed that the treatment had no significant impact on the strength properties of the pulp. Changes of fiber morphology and of fracture type in the treated fibers during zero span evaluation

Selected Analytical Techniques of Solid State, Structure Identification, and Dissolution Testing in Drug Life Cycle

The textbook provides an overview of the main techniques applied in pharmaceutical industry, with the focus on solid-state analysis. It discusses spectral methods, thermal analysis, and dissolution testing, explains the theoretical background for each method and shows practical examples from a real-life drug-design and quality control applications. The textbook is thus intended for both pharmacy students and early career professionals

Role of Nuclear Pharmacist in Clinical Translation of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radiopharmaceuticals and Environmental Monitoring of Facility

There have been many changes in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging field as several radiopharmaceuticals have recently been approved and many others on the horizon. Ensuring the compliance with the increasingly aggressive national, federal, and state regulatory has become a critical piece of PET manufacturing and Nuclear Pharmacy. As a nuclear pharmacist, I have been searching for the way I can better contribute to the progress of this field with an ultimate goal of proving safe and effective healthcare to the patients. In order to do so, strengthening my expertise is essential. In this thesis, I would like to capture and narrate my professional growth, by focusing on three projects, 1) Assisting in translational work for a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, 2) Performing Germanium analysis, and 3) Establishing an environmental monitoring program at my work place

Study of Pharmaceutical Tablets Using Raman Mapping

Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bonds holding molecules together. Based on the pattern of bonding of the molecule, the atoms associated with the bond will vibrate at a specific frequency. Utilizing vibrational spectroscopy, such as Raman spectroscopy, these unique vibrational frequencies can be used to detect the presence of analytes over a selected area. Furthermore, the intensities of the vibrational modes can be tracked to comparatively quantify the concentration of analytes at various locations. This is a method of great importance due to its ability to compare pharmaceutical tablets synthesized with different techniques. Here, the presence and concentration of ibuprofen in lipid matrix was observed. This was done in collaboration with a pharmaceutical lab with the hopes of producing a higher quality suppository tablet

Recent finding and new technologies in nephrolithiasis: a review of the recent literature

This review summarizes recent literature on advances regarding renal and ureteral calculi, with particular focus in areas of recent advances in the overall field of urolithiasis. Clinical management in everyday practice requires a complete understanding of the issues regarding metabolic evaluation and subgrouping of stone-forming patients, diagnostic procedures, effective treatment regime in acute stone colic, medical expulsive therapy, and active stone removal. In this review we focus on new perspectives in managing nephrolitihiasis and discuss recentadvances, including medical expulsive therapy, new technologies, and refinements of classical therapy such as shock wave lithotripsy, give a fundamental modification of nephrolithiasis management. Overall, this field appears to be the most promising, capable of new developments in ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous approaches. Further improvements are expected from robotic-assisted procedures, such as flexible robotics in ureterorenoscopy

Discovery and Optimization of Anti-Cancer Properties of Traditional Herbal Medicines Using Zebrafish-Human Tumor Xenografts

Cancer is one of the most well-known diseases around the world. It hurts everyone in some way, whether they have it themselves or they know someone that is diagnosed. But the problem is not just this brutal disease, the problem is its invasive treatments. The most common treatments for cancer have harmful and painful side-effects that occur in most cases. As a solution to invasive cancer treatments, this experiment is testing herbal medications Neem, Nilavembu, Ashwagandha and Tulsi as potential nontoxic cancer treatments. First, the maximum tolerable dosage for each herbal agent was found. This dosage was used for the toxicity trials as well as the anti-cancer trials. The mortality rate, heart rate and hatch rate of the zebrafish during five days of incubation in solution provided the toxicity data. To test the anti-cancer effects of these herbal agents, a zebrafish-human tumor xenograft model was used. The zebrafish embryos were treated with the maximum tolerable dosage of each solution for five days; when the embryos were three days old, they were injected with human prostate cancer cell and were allowed to incubate in the solution for another two days. After the treatment, the zebrafish were died with acridine orange and imaged under the confocal microscope. Neem, Nilavembu, Ashwagandha and Tulsi all had herbal induced cell death with little to no toxicity. Therefore, presenting a strong case that this study can move forward to be tested on a human model