Investigating the Use of M-Health for Learning and Clinical Training by Medical Students in Ghana

There is a challenge with healthcare access in most developing countries. With the high rate of mobile technology penetration in these countries, there is a strong belief that mobile technology can help address this and other health system and education challenges. This study investigated how clinical year medical students in Ghana used m-health and with what outcomes. This was a mixed-methods study to assess what technologies students used, what the impact of use was, what enablers and barriers they encountered, what factors explained m-health adoption and what the attitudes of students, staff and faculty members were towards m-health use. The study was conducted in four out of five medical schools in Ghana with clinical year students, namely, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology School of Medical Sciences (KNUST-SMS), University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences (UCC-SMS), University of Development Studies School of Medicine and Health Sciences (UDS-SMHS) and University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry (UG-SMD). Online and paper questionnaires were distributed to 828 students and 291 questionnaires were returned. Questionnaires from dental students at UG-SMD (n = 5) were excluded from the analysis.Two focus group discussions were held involving seven students while three students, seven faculty members and five staff were interviewed. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Only one student did not own a mobile device. About 78% of students reported using m-health at some point during their medical education. The most popular devices used by students were laptop computers (90.8%), smartphones (66.2%), cellular phones (46.6%) and tablets (44.1%). Over 84% of the students owned Android devices, while 21% owned iPhones and iPads. Majority of students owned three devices or less. Students used mobile technologies in ways that suited their learning needs and contexts. M-health helped students to participate better in lessons and improve their knowledge, skills and efficiency in various contexts. The main drawbacks of m-health use were distraction and time wasting, difficulty in determining credibility of some online information and the risk of using these technologies inappropriately around patients and during assessments. The main facilitating conditions for m-health use were availability, quality and reliability of technological services, technical support, security, price value, technology competence and training, portability, task and goal fit, social influence and organizational factors. Habit and Hedonic Motivation were the only significant factors that explained intention to use m-health and actual m-health use respectively in the UTAUT2 model, in the presence of age, gender and experience. Students, staff and faculty members were open to using m-health in teaching and learning, although they recommended regulation of use through policies and guidelines to ensure effective teaching and learning and ethical m-health use. Considering the benefits offered by m-health, the study encourages medical schools in Ghana to explore mobile learning with the possibility of incorporating it into their curricula. This should be accompanied by development of policies and guidelines to spell out how mobile technologies should be used in order to mitigate most of the drawbacks identified. This study contributed empirical evidence from the Ghanaian context regarding m-health adoption and use in medical education. This evidence will contribute to theory regarding benefits, drawbacks, facilitating conditions and factors that influence m-health adoption among medical students in a developing country context. Understanding how medical students use mobile technology in learning will be useful in planning how m-health can be incorporated into their curricula. It will also help in informing development and deployment of m-health in healthcare in contexts similar to Ghana

The Lumberjack, October 13, 1976

The student newspaper of Humboldt State University.https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/studentnewspaper/2975/thumbnail.jp

RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY OF MOBILE BANKING AND REPUTATION OF BANKS

Doktorski rad istražuje na koji se način može povezati sigurnost, dostupnost i jednostavnost korištenja mobilnog bankarstva sa percipiranom kvalitetom usluge mobilnog bankarstva banke te postoji li povezanost između percipirane kvalitete usluge mobilnog bankarstva i reputacije banaka. Primarni podaci istraživanja prikupljeni su uz pomoć anketnog upitnika. Hipoteze rada testirane su i potvrđene metodom višestrukih modela jednostavne i složene linearne regresije. Istraživanje omogućuje pogled u razvoj novih spoznaja bankarske industrije koji se temelje na ključnim odrednicama o poslovanju financijskog tržišta Republike Hrvatske. Sukladno navedenom definirane su karakteristike bankarskog tržišta i uloga tehnologije u financijskoj industriji Republike Hrvatske.The research provides a look at the development of new knowledge of the banking industry, which is based on key determinants of technology role in the financial market of the Republic of Croatia. The key aim is to explore and adequately argue the influence of mobile banking on the reputation of banks in the Republic of Croatia. The purpose of the research is to contribute to the definition of possible areas of implementation of information and communication technologies in mobile banking, which affect the reputation of banks and also to define the aspects of mobile banking (security, ease of use and availability of mobile banking services), which affect the reputation of banks to a large extent. The basic objectives of the research are to empirically establish the correlation between the perceived quality of mobile banking service and bank reputation, and also to empirically determine the way security, ease of use and availability of services affect the perceived quality of mobile banking services. Additional objectives, based on analyze of previous researches, are to identify and explain the key determinants of the quality of mobile banking and bank reputation, to highlight the importance of using advanced information technology in banking and to examine the awareness of Croatian citizens on the security of mobile banking services. The hypotheses have been tested by using multiple modeling methods of complex linear regression. In order to examine the hypothesis, the primary research was carried out using a structured survey questionnaire. The way of communicating with the respondents was via electronic mail. The results of the testing of hypothesis using regression models show that the hypotheses are confirmed. Based on the results of the research in accordance with the previously set objectives, recommendations can be offered for future activities related to the financial market technology strategies and increase of competitiveness

RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY OF MOBILE BANKING AND REPUTATION OF BANKS

Doktorski rad istražuje na koji se način može povezati sigurnost, dostupnost i jednostavnost korištenja mobilnog bankarstva sa percipiranom kvalitetom usluge mobilnog bankarstva banke te postoji li povezanost između percipirane kvalitete usluge mobilnog bankarstva i reputacije banaka. Primarni podaci istraživanja prikupljeni su uz pomoć anketnog upitnika. Hipoteze rada testirane su i potvrđene metodom višestrukih modela jednostavne i složene linearne regresije. Istraživanje omogućuje pogled u razvoj novih spoznaja bankarske industrije koji se temelje na ključnim odrednicama o poslovanju financijskog tržišta Republike Hrvatske. Sukladno navedenom definirane su karakteristike bankarskog tržišta i uloga tehnologije u financijskoj industriji Republike Hrvatske.The research provides a look at the development of new knowledge of the banking industry, which is based on key determinants of technology role in the financial market of the Republic of Croatia. The key aim is to explore and adequately argue the influence of mobile banking on the reputation of banks in the Republic of Croatia. The purpose of the research is to contribute to the definition of possible areas of implementation of information and communication technologies in mobile banking, which affect the reputation of banks and also to define the aspects of mobile banking (security, ease of use and availability of mobile banking services), which affect the reputation of banks to a large extent. The basic objectives of the research are to empirically establish the correlation between the perceived quality of mobile banking service and bank reputation, and also to empirically determine the way security, ease of use and availability of services affect the perceived quality of mobile banking services. Additional objectives, based on analyze of previous researches, are to identify and explain the key determinants of the quality of mobile banking and bank reputation, to highlight the importance of using advanced information technology in banking and to examine the awareness of Croatian citizens on the security of mobile banking services. The hypotheses have been tested by using multiple modeling methods of complex linear regression. In order to examine the hypothesis, the primary research was carried out using a structured survey questionnaire. The way of communicating with the respondents was via electronic mail. The results of the testing of hypothesis using regression models show that the hypotheses are confirmed. Based on the results of the research in accordance with the previously set objectives, recommendations can be offered for future activities related to the financial market technology strategies and increase of competitiveness