Design and fabrication of a solar-powered electric stove for rural and urban communities

Capstone Project submitted to the Department of Engineering, Ashesi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, April 2019More than 2.2 million Ghanaian families in rural areas depend on firewood and charcoal as fuel for cooking [1]. This high dependency is taking a toll on forest resources due to rampant deforestation. “Ghana's forest cover, which stood at 8.2 million hectares in 1900, has now been reduced to about 1.2 million hectares, with an estimated loss of 65,000 hectares of forest annually” [2]. More so, Ghana has been facing energy challenges with the birth of frequent load-shedding, termed “dumsor.” This is even worse in rural areas because they do not yet have access to electricity. The problem of electricity accessibility could be solved in Ghana, benching on the testimonies of renewable energy and the technologies associated with it. Thus, the goal of this project is to design and fabricate a solar-powered electric stove. The motivation for this project is the inaccessibility of electricity, especially in rural communities and the shortcomings of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), a possible alternative. Success on this project will be defined by a simple and affordable design which will store solar energy during the day and can be used both in the day and at night for cooking. This design will go a long way to improve the lives of individuals in the country whiles safeguarding our environment.Ashesi Universit

A Static Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Off-Grid Supply

The electrification of the rural areas of the planet has become one of the greatest challenges for sustainability. In fact, it would be the key to guaranteeing development for the poorest areas of the planet from which most of the raw material for the food market derives. The paradigm of centralized production is not applicable in these territories, because the distribution network would involve unjustifiable costs. For this reason, many studies have been carried out to ensure that the energy supply (specifically electricity) for off-grid utilities is maintained, in order to guarantee energy autonomy while reducing dependence on specialist assistance for the management of the system. In this work, a hybrid system (HRES) is proposed that combines the exploitation of solar radiation, wind power, and biomass using static devices, in order to improve the system’s availability and limit the cost of operation and maintenance. The aim of the study is to define promising lines of research, which can improve the sustainability of renewable harvesting systems to supply off-grids users

DESAIN KOMPOR LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA UNTUK BATIK TULIS YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Pemakaian bahan bakar minyak tentunya setiap tahun selalu meningkat seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan energi terbarukan yang sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif saat ini belum optimal dalam menunjang kebutuhan masyarakat. Pemanfaatan potensi alam yang melimpah seharusnya digali dan dikembangkan secara optimal. Energi disekitar yang ramah lingkungan yang belum di manfaatkan secara maksimal salah satunya yaitu pemanfaatan sinar matahari sebagai mesin pemanas atau kompor listrik. Di Indonesia sendiri pemanfaatan sinar matahari guna mengganti bahan bakar kompor belum banyak terpikirkan maupun terealisasikan, pencairan malam/lilinmasih menggunakan bahan bakar minyak atau gas elpiji. Pada umumnya bahan bakar minyak yang dipakai suatu saat pasti akan habis sehingga kurang efektif digunakan yang akan berakibat pada krisis minyak bumi serta dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendesain kompor tenaga surya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mendesain kompor listrik tenaga surya dengan dua pemanas jenis glow plug yang dirangkai, 4 panel surya dengan kapasitas masing-masing 120 Wattpeak. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa untuk memanaskan malam 66 gram membutuhkan waktu sekitar 6 menit dengan temperatur yang dapat dicapai 110°C

Performance Evaluation Zeta Converter Using PI Controller for Energy Management in DC Nanogrid Isolated System

Renewable energy is needed as an alternative energy source. One of the implementations of renewable energy is the Solar Power Plant (PLTS). PLTS is a component that uses solar cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Unfortunately, the output power of this solar cell depends on the intensity of the light which causes the output power to enter the load to be unstable. Sometimes the PV power decrease because of the shading effect. From this problem a converter is needed to keep the system output voltage. The converter used in this research is the zeta converter. This Zeta converter can operate like a buck boost converter. The output of the system used is not stable. So that to stabilize it requires good control. In this paper using PI controller to control this system in order to keep the output system stable. 3. The error generated using the PI Control on the system is only 0.34%

Desain Kompor Listrik Tenaga Surya untuk Batik Tulis yang Ramah Lingkungan

The use of course fuel oil every year always increase over the growing number of residents in Indonesia. The utilization of the potential of renewable energy to be utilized as alternative energy are currently not optimal in supporting the needs of the community. Utilization potential of natural abundance should be dug and developed optimally. The energy surrounding the eco-friendly yet take advantage of to the maximum one, namely the utilization of sunlight as the engine heaters or electric stove. In Indonesia own utilization of sunlight in order to replace the fuel stove not much thought or realized, the melting wax/nights are still using fuel oil or LPG gas. In General fuel oil used once will definitely be discharged so that less effective used which will result in the oil crisis of the Earth and may cause environmental pollution. The purpose of the research is to design a solar cooker. The methods used in this research is to design a solar powered electric stove heater with two type of glow plug assembled, 4 solar panels with a capacity of 120 Wattpeak respectively. The results of the research conducted that night to heat the 66 grams takes about 6 minutes with the temperature that can be achieved > 110°C

Comparing adoption determinants of solar home systems, LPG and electric cooking for holistic energy services in Sub-Saharan Africa

Globally, rates of electrification and clean cooking are low, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Off-grid energy solutions have a vital role to play in accelerating clean energy access to address Sustainable Development Goal 7. For organisations aiming to provide both electricity and cooking services, there is a need for holistic studies on adoption determinants to aid market expansion. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the adoption determinants and barriers for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), solar home systems (SHS) and electric cooking (e-cooking) in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 40 adoption determinants were identified across the 71 publications examined. Of these, 30 determinants were shared by at least two of the technologies, whilst six were specifically linked to LPG and four to SHS. Key determinants that cut across technologies included reliability of alternative technologies (such as grid supply), reliable energy supply through the technology in question, affordability, household size and location (urban/rural). The findings show that there is an overlap in the demographics that use these technologies, as urban households often use SHS as a backup to the electricity grid and their cooking needs can feasibly be met by LPG or e-cooking devices. There is a clear opportunity for e-cooking devices to be sold as appliances for SHS. E-cooking devices such as electric pressure cookers can be complementary to LPG due to their suitability for cooking different foods. Pay-as-you-go models, which have a proven track record with improving access to SHS and are beginning to also be applied to LPG, have the potential to provide a strong foundation for scaling up of LPG and e-cooking services

Techno-economic projections until 2050 for smaller heating and cooling technologies in the residential and tertiary sector in the EU

This study provides data and projections for smaller heating and cooling technologies including an outlook till 2050. It complements a similar study on large-scale heating and cooling technologies in the EU. The data sets can be downloaded at http://data.jrc.cec.eu.int/dataset/jrc-etri-techno-economics-smaller-heating-cooling-technologies-2017JRC.C.7-Knowledge for the Energy Unio

Renewable Energy

This book discusses renewable energy resources and systems as well as energy efficiency. It contains twenty-three chapters over six sections that address a multitude of renewable energy types, including solar and photovoltaic, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal. The information presented herein is a scientific contribution to energy and environmental regulations, quality and efficiency of energy services, energy supply security, energy market-based approaches, government interventions, and the spread of technological innovation

Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply : Proceedings of the International Conference, Technische Universität Berlin, 28th of February till 1st of March 2013

Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2499-2.Der Tagungsband enthält die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge der internationalen Konferenz "Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply", die vom 27.2.-1.3.13 an der Technischen Universität Berlin stattfand. Die Tagung widmete sich dem Themenfeld dezentrale Energieversorgung mit Schwerpunkt auf die Bedürfnisse der Endnutzer. In den Beiträgen werden Fragen rund um die technische Gestaltung, Finanzierung, Qualitätssicherung und Nutzerfreundlichkeit verschiedener Mikroenergie-Systeme behandelt sowie deren soziale und ökologische Verträglichkeit und unterschiedliche Business Modelle für Vertrieb und Instandhaltung. Dabei wird die Einführung verschiedener Technologien wie zum Beispiel Biokraftstoffe, Biogas, Solarsysteme, Speichermöglichkeiten und Hybridsysteme thematisiert.The Proceedings include the scientific papers of the International Conference "Micro Perspectives for Decentralized Energy Supply", which took place from 27th of February till 1st of March at Technische Universität Berlin. The Conference dealt with questions of decentralized energy supply with a focus on users needs. The papers present research regarding the technical design, financing, quality management and user friendliness of different microenergy systems as well as different business models and questions of sustainability assessment. Exemplary technologies that are dealt with are biogas, biofuels, solar systems, storing devices and hybrid systems

Design, analysis and control of solar heating system with seasonal thermal energy storage

The majority of the electricity consumption in Canadian single-family house is for space heating and water heating. Currently, around 99% house in Canada using the conventional grid electricity for those purposes. To utilize the sun’s free energy for space heating and domestic water heating, first a sessional solar thermal energy storage system (SSTES) has been designed and investigated to determine their thermal and electrical performance of a house consists of four persons in the Canadian climate environment. The detailed mathematical formulation and sizing of each SSTES system component have been developed. Similarly, the components mathematical modelling, sizing of solar collector-based TES system, a hybrid solar Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) based TES system, a Photovoltaic based TES system has been designed. To validate the feasibility and numerical studies of the developed STES configurations, all configurations have been simulated in a professional thermal simulation software named as PolySun, and only solar collector-based TES system has been designed and simulated at MATLAB/Simulink environment packages. The proposed TES system performance have been compared with the existing conventional system. All configurations have been tested using the solar radiation and other weather data of St. John’s city/NL city in Canada. The main objective to design a suitable TES system for space heating and water heating so that the residence can save high monthly electricity bill. For experimental validation, an open source IoT platform named openHAB smart home automation is used as a home server, an ESP32 Thing microcontroller board has been used as Microcontroller unit where all sensors and output devices (relays, thermostat settings channels) are connected for data acquisition and control. The proposed setup is able to monitor the TES system parameters, and able to control locally/remotely and manually/automatically. The proposed system is the low cost, low power consumption prototype which will be a commercial solution of TES system monitoring and remote control