92 research outputs found

    The LubMedNet services for data storage and télédistribution

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    This paper is reports several Radiological and Oncological Information Systems integrated by a very efficient medical network system. The system covers the entire image flowpath in the Diagnostic Radiology Department (i.e. image acquisition, processing, archiving, long term storage) and allows for transmitting medical images through Municipal Area Network. The system has been working reliably since November 1999. About 22000 CT examinations have been archived using our system. Over 300 special examinations for radiotherapy planning have been sent to the Lublin Oncology Centre

    Focal Spot, Spring 1995

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    https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/focal_spot_archives/1069/thumbnail.jp

    Hereditary Breast Cancer

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    Project brief for IIUM Hospital (Phase 1), International Islamic University Malaysia (Medical Campus)Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur

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    A project brief on medical requirements for the planning and design of IIUM teaching hospital in IIUM Kuantan Campus. There are two versions of the brief, i.e. the 2009 version and the 2010 version. The march 2010 version was revised after the site visit was made to Kuantan by the bidders and as an outcome of the dialogue

    Composite and comprehensive multimedia electronic health care records

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    Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/845 on 03.04.2017 by CS (TIS)The thesis considers the issue of multimedia data utilisation within modem health care delivery and the consequent need for an appropriate patient records system. The discussions centre upon the deployment and utilisation of IT systems, and paper-based patient records within health care establishments (HCEs), and the resultant problems, such as data duplication, inconsistency, unavailability and loss. Electronic Health Care Records (EHCRs) are put forward as a means of obviating the problems defined, and effectively supporting the future development of care provision in a coherent manner. The thesis identifies the barriers to further development of EHCRs with respect to clinical data entry, clinical terminiologies, record security and the integration of other information sources. Equally, a number of EHCR developments are reviewed. This shows that, although elements of EHCRs (such as electronic prescribing) have been achieved, significant further developments are required to produce composite and comprehensive EHCRs, capable of capturing and maintaining all patient data (especially multimedia data, which is being increasingly utilised within care provision). The thesis defines a new comprehensive and composite Multimedia Electronic Health Care Record (MEHCR) system to facilitate the following: • delivery and management of all patient care; • creation/recording/support and maintenance of patient data (including multimedia data) to give composite and comprehensive multimedia patient records. The assistance of a local HCE was utilised throughout the project, enabling a suitable reference environment to be established and utilised, so that the process of care provision could be defined. The thesis describes how the requirements of the new MEHCR were identified (via examination of the care provision process defined), and thus how an appropriate conceptual design was formulated. This describes the form and capabilities of the required system. The resulting MEHCR is effectively a comprehensive care provision tool, which aids both process of care delivery and that of data generation and recording. Thus, the MEHCR concept facilitates patient care provision whilst aiding the seamless creation and maintenance of multimedia patient records. To achieve the conceptual design, a design environment was defined to give an intermediate means of enabling the MEHCR's implementation and further development. Thus, the MEHCR can be achieved, or implemented, using either a revolutionary or evolutionary approach. Equally, it is a means for enabling the MEHCR's continued evolution (e.g. the incorporation of new clinical systems etc.), so that it remains composite and comprehensive over time as care provision changes. The thesis also describes an evaluation of the ideas defined, based upon the development of a prototype system simulating the form and operations of the MEHCR conceptual design. The prototype system was demonstrated to a number of parties and an evaluation conducted. The results obtained were very positive as to the nature, structure and capabilities of the system as given by the conceptual design. The design environment was also commended as both a practical means of achieving the MEHCR (especially as it enables retaining of existing system where appropriate), and for its future development as care provision advances.Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trus

    Influence de la radiosensibilité individuelle sur les réponses biologiques à des rayonnements ionisants l'estimation de la dose et le rôle de maintenance des telomeres

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    Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), from both natural and man-made sources, is an inevitable part of modern life. It is well established that there are considerable inter-individual variations in sensitivity to IR among healthy individuals and cancer patients. However, the mechanisms involved in the heterogeneity of biological responses to IR are not well understood, and a reliable biodosimetric and clinical approach to measure and rank radiosensitivity remains to be established. In this thesis, we study the extent and impact of individual radiosensitivity in healthy individuals in the contexts of emergency dosimetry and radiotherapy, and we explore the roles of telomeres in the prediction of individual radiosensitivity and long-term human health risks following IR exposure (specifically, cardiovascular diseases and/or cancer). First, in the context of dosimetry in the event of an emergency situation (when rapid dose estimates of each individual in an irradiated population are needed), we demonstrate that the impact of individual radiosensitivity can be negligible using global cellular measurements of γH2AX fluorescence via flow cytometry in human fibroblasts and lymphocytes at 4 hours post-irradiation; this method could be an effective and rapid biodosimetry tool that can aid in the medical triage of irradiated individuals in an emergency setting based on individual levels of exposure. Second, we study the extent and influence of individual radiosensitivity on the induction of chromosomal aberrations following a routinely administered dose of 2 Gy during conventional fractionated photon radiotherapy (γ-rays) in lymphocytes of healthy individuals. For these analyses, we define individual radiosensitivity based on the frequency of IR-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which were calculated from the scoring of chromosomal aberrations visualized with telomere/centromere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (TC-FISH). This TC-FISH staining of metaphasic chromosomes enhances the “gold standard technique” of biodosimetry (the dicentric chromosome assay) with the visualization of telomeres and centromeres and thereby provides improved simplicity and sensitivity to the classical cytogenetic assay. We also compare individual radiosensitivity following γ-irradiation to that following carbon irradiation, an up-and-coming ion species currently being used in heavy ion radiotherapy. We provide dose response curves for both γ- and carbon irradiations based on the calculated frequency of IR-induced DNA DSBs at a range of doses, and estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon irradiation relative to γ-irradiation. We then estimate the RBE of a third type of IR also frequently used in heavy ion radiotherapy (proton beams) in comparison to γ-irradiation, and compare individual radiosensitivity to each of these three types of IR with different IR energies. Third, we evaluate the roles of telomeres and telomere maintenance in the prediction of individual radiosensitivity; we find that inherent mean telomere length in combination with the IR-induced change in mean telomere length may be a strong predictor of individual radiosensitivity. Finally, we show how telomeres could be linked to long-term health risks following IR exposure: we demonstrate that telomere shortening could be a new prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease following radiotherapy, and discuss how telomeres could be key players in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In conclusion, we deliberate the relationships between telomere maintenance, radiation effects, and individual radiosensitivity, and propose a model of how telomeres could play crucial roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases and the process of IR-induced carcinogenesis.L'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est une composante inévitable de la vie moderne. Il est bien établi qu'il existe une grande variabilité inter-individuelle de la radiosensibilité chez les individus sains et chez des patients atteints de cancer. Cependant, les mécanismes impliqués dans l'hétérogénéité des réponses biologiques radio-induites ne sont pas encore bien compris, et une approche biologique permettant d’établir de façon fiable le niveau de radiosensibilité reste à développer. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'ampleur et l'impact de la radiosensibilité individuelle chez les individus sains dans les contextes de dosimétrie d'urgence et de radiothérapie. Nous avons également examiné les différents rôles des télomères dans la prédiction de la radiosensibilité individuelle et des risques pour la santé humaine à long terme (spécifiquement, en ce qui concerne les maladies cardiovasculaires et/ou les cancers) après irradiation. Tout d'abord, dans le contexte de la dosimétrie dans le cas d'une situation d'urgence (lorsqu’il est nécessaire d’estimer rapidement la dose d’irradiation reçu par un individu), nous avons démontré que l'impact de la radiosensibilité individuelle peut être négligeable en utilisant des mesures globales de fluorescence de γH2AX via cytométrie en flux dans des fibroblastes humains et des lymphocytes à 4 heures après exposition ; cette méthode peut être un outil de biodosimétrie efficace et rapide qui peut aider au tri des personnes irradiées dans une situation d'urgence basées sur les niveaux individuels d'exposition. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l'ampleur et l'influence de la radiosensibilité individuelle sur l'induction d'aberrations chromosomiques après une irradiation de 2 Gy de rayons γ, correspondant à une fraction de radiothérapie conventionnelle, dans les lymphocytes d'individus sains. Pour ces analyses, nous définissons la radiosensibilité individuelle par rapport à la fréquence des cassures double-brin (CDB) radio-induite, qui ont été calculées à partir de la quantification des aberrations chromosomiques visualisées par hybridation in situ des télomères et centromères (TC-FISH). Ce marquage améliore et simplifie la technique « gold standard » de dosimétrie biologique (la quantification des chromosomes dicentriques). Nous avons également estimé la radiosensibilité individuelle à l’irradiation carbone, ions lourds utilisés en radiothérapie, et l'efficacité biologique relative (EBR) des ions carbone par rapport à une irradiation γ. Nous avons fourni des courbes dose-réponse pour ces deux types d’irradiations en fonction de la fréquence des CDB radio-induite par exposition à une gamme de doses. De plus, nous avons estimé l'EBR d'un troisième type de rayonnement également utilisé en radiothérapie d'ions lourds (protons) par rapport à une irradiation γ, et nous avons comparé la radiosensibilité individuelle de ces trois types d'irradiation avec énergies différentes. Ensuite, nous avons évalué les rôles des télomères et de leur maintien pour la prédiction de la radiosensibilité individuelle. Nous avons constaté que la longueur moyenne des télomères, en combinaison avec leurs modifications radio-induites, peuvent être un bon prédicteur de la radiosensibilité individuelle. Enfin, nous avons montré comment les télomères pourraient être liés à des risques sanitaires à long terme après une irradiation: nous avons démontré que le raccourcissement des télomères pouvait être un nouveau facteur de prédiction de maladies cardiovasculaires après radiothérapie, et nous avons discuté par la suite, les télomères comme des acteurs clés dans le processus de cancérogenèse radio-induite. En conclusion, nous proposons un modèle présentant la façon dont les télomères pourraient jouer un rôle crucial dans ces deux pathologies radio-induite, et nous délibérons des relations entre le maintien des télomères, les effets biologiques radio-induites, et la radiosensibilité individuelle

    Data security in European healthcare information systems

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    This thesis considers the current requirements for data security in European healthcare systems and establishments. Information technology is being increasingly used in all areas of healthcare operation, from administration to direct care delivery, with a resulting dependence upon it by healthcare staff. Systems routinely store and communicate a wide variety of potentially sensitive data, much of which may also be critical to patient safety. There is consequently a significant requirement for protection in many cases. The thesis presents an assessment of healthcare security requirements at the European level, with a critical examination of how the issue has been addressed to date in operational systems. It is recognised that many systems were originally implemented without security needs being properly addressed, with a consequence that protection is often weak and inconsistent between establishments. The overall aim of the research has been to determine appropriate means by which security may be added or enhanced in these cases. The realisation of this objective has included the development of a common baseline standard for security in healthcare systems and environments. The underlying guidelines in this approach cover all of the principal protection issues, from physical and environmental measures to logical system access controls. Further to this, the work has encompassed the development of a new protection methodology by which establishments may determine their additional security requirements (by classifying aspects of their systems, environments and data). Both the guidelines and the methodology represent work submitted to the Commission of European Communities SEISMED (Secure Environment for Information Systems in MEDicine) project, with which the research programme was closely linked. The thesis also establishes that healthcare systems can present significant targets for both internal and external abuse, highlighting a requirement for improved logical controls. However, it is also shown that the issues of easy integration and convenience are of paramount importance if security is to be accepted and viable in practice. Unfortunately, many traditional methods do not offer these advantages, necessitating the need for a different approach. To this end, the conceptual design for a new intrusion monitoring system was developed, combining the key aspects of authentication and auditing into an advanced framework for real-time user supervision. A principal feature of the approach is the use of behaviour profiles, against which user activities may be continuously compared to determine potential system intrusions and anomalous events. The effectiveness of real-time monitoring was evaluated in an experimental study of keystroke analysis -a behavioural biometric technique that allows an assessment of user identity from their typing style. This technique was found to have significant potential for discriminating between impostors and legitimate users and was subsequently incorporated into a fully functional security system, which demonstrated further aspects of the conceptual design and showed how transparent supervision could be realised in practice. The thesis also examines how the intrusion monitoring concept may be integrated into a wider security architecture, allowing more comprehensive protection within both the local healthcare establishment and between remote domains.Commission of European Communities SEISMED proje

    Computing, information, and communications: Technologies for the 21. Century

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    An Integrated and Distributed Framework for a Malaysian Telemedicine System (MyTel)

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    The overall aim of the research was to produce a validated framework for a Malaysian integrated and distributed telemedicine system. The framework was constructed so that it was capable of being useful in retrieving and storing a patient's lifetime health record continuously and seamlessly during the downtime of the computer system and the unavailability of a landline telecommunication network. The research methodology suitable for this research was identified including the verification and validation strategies. A case study approach was selected for facilitating the processes and development of this research. The empirical data regarding the Malaysian health system and telemedicine context were gathered through a case study carried out at the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOHM). The telemedicine approach in other countries was also analysed through a literature review and was compared and contrasted with that in the Malaysian context. A critical appraisal of the collated data resulted in the development of the proposed framework (MyTel) a flexible telemedicine framework for the continuous upkeep o f patients' lifetime health records. Further data were collected through another case study (by way of a structured interview in the outpatient clinics/departments of MOHM) for developing and proposing a lifetime health record (LHR) dataset for supporting the implementation of the MyTel framework. The LHR dataset was developed after having conducted a critical analysis of the findings of the clinical consultation workflow and the usage o f patients' demographic and clinical records in the outpatient clinics. At the end of the analysis, the LHR components, LHR structures and LHR messages were created and proposed. A common LHR dataset may assist in making the proposed framework more flexible and interoperable. The first draft of the framework was validated in the three divisions of MOHM that were involved directly in the development of the National Health JCT project. The division includes the Telehealth Division, Public and Family Health Division and Planning and Development Division. The three divisions are directly involved in managing and developing the telehealth application, the teleprimary care application and the total hospital information system respectively. The feedback and responses from the validation process were analysed. The observations and suggestions made and experiences gained advocated that some modifications were essential for making the MyTel framework more functional, resulting in a revised/ final framework. The proposed framework may assist in achieving continual access to a patient's lifetime health record and for the provision of seamless and continuous care. The lifetime health record, which correlates each episode of care of an individual into a continuous health record, is the central key to delivery of the Malaysian integrated telehealth application. The important consideration, however, is that the lifetime health record should contain not only longitudinal health summary information but also the possibility of on-line retrieval of all of the patient's health history whenever required, even during the computer system's downtime and the unavailability of the landline telecommunication network
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