1,841 research outputs found

    A Micro Mobile Robot with Suction Cups in the Abdominal Cavity for NOTES

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    Providing adhesion for a miniture mobile intra-abdominal device based on biomimetic principles

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    This paper investigates the surface adhesion characteristics required for a miniature mobile device to move around the abdominal cavity. Such a device must be capable of adhering to the tissue lining and move freely across the upper surface of the insufflated abdomen. Accordingly, the potential of utilising bioinspired solutions to facilitate wet adhesion is assessed

    In vivo laparoscopic robotics

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    AbstractRobotic laparoscopic surgery is evolving to include in vivo robotic assistants. The impetus for the development of this technology is to provide surgeons with additional viewpoints and unconstrained manipulators that improve safety and reduce patient trauma. A family of these robots have been developed to provide vision and task assistance. Fixed-base and mobile robots have been designed and tested in animal models with much success. A cholecystectomy, prostatectomy, and nephrectomy have all been performed with the assistance of these robots. These early successful tests show how in vivo laparoscopic robotics may be part of the next advancement in surgical technology

    Modular and Cooperative Medical Devices and Related Systems and Methods

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    The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to modular medical devices, including various devices with detachable modular components and various devices with pivotally attached modular components. Additional embodiments relate to procedures in which various of the devices are used cooperatively. Certain embodiments of the medical devices are robotic in vivo devices

    METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR SURGICAL ACCESS AND PROCEDURES

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    The embodiments disclosed herein relate to various medical device components, including components that can be incorporated into robotic and/or in vivo medical devices. Certain embodiments include various actuation system embodiments, including fluid actuation systems, drive train actuation systems, and motorless actuation systems. Additional embodiments include a reversibly lockable tube that can provide access for a medical device to a patient\u27s cavity and further provides a reversible rigidity or stability during operation of the device. Further embodiments include various operational components for medical devices, including medical device arm mechanisms that have both axial and rotational movement while maintaining a relatively compact structure. medical device winch components, medical device biopsy/stapler/clamp mechanisms, and medical device adjustable focus mechanisms

    Development of An In Vivo Robotic Camera for Dexterous Manipulation and Clear Imaging

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    Minimally invasive surgeriy (MIS) techniques are becoming more popular as replacements for traditional open surgeries. These methods benefit patients with lowering blood loss and post-operative pain, reducing recovery period and hospital stay time, decreasing surgical area scarring and cosmetic issues, and lessening the treatment costs, hence greater patient satisfaction would be earned. Manipulating surgical instruments from outside of abdomen and performing surgery needs precise hand-eye coordination which is provided by insertable cameras. The traditional MIS insertable cameras suffer from port complexity and reduced manipulation dexterity, which leads to defection in Hand-eye coordination and surgical flow. Fully insertable robotic camera systems emerged as a promising solution in MIS. Implementing robotic camera systems faces multiple challenges in fixation, manipulation, orientation control, tool-tissue interaction, in vivo illumination and clear imaging.In this dissertation a novel actuation and control mechanism is developed and validated for an insertable laparoscopic camera. This design uses permanent magnets and coils as force/torque generators in an external control unit to manipulate an in vivo camera capsule. The motorless design of this capsule reduces the, wight, size and power consumption of the driven unit. In order to guarantee the smooth motion of the camera inside the abdominal cavity, an interaction force control method was proposed and validated.Optimizing the system\u27s design, through minimizing the control unit size and power consumption and extending maneuverability of insertable camera, was achieved by a novel transformable design, which uses a single permanent magnet in the control unit. The camera robot uses a permanent magnet as fixation and translation unit, and two embedded motor for tilt motion actuation, as well as illumination actuation. Transformable design provides superior imaging quality through an optimized illumination unit and a cleaning module. The illumination module uses freeform optical lenses to control light beams from the LEDs to achieve optimized illumination over surgical zone. The cleaning module prevents lens contamination through a pump actuated debris prevention system, while mechanically wipes the lens in case of contamination. The performance of transformable design and its modules have been assessed experimentally

    Sistema de Simulación de la Iluminación Abdominal Basado en Mini Robots

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    Introduction: This document shows a system that simulates the illumination of the abdominal scene in laparoscopic operations using mini robots. The mini robots would be magnetically tied to the abdominal cavity and manipulated by an external robot arm. Two algorithms are tested in this system: one that moves the mini robot according to the movement of the endoscope, and another that moves from an analysis of the image captured by the scene.  Objective: To contribute to the illumination of the surgical scene by means of mini robots attached magnetically to the abdominal cavity. Methodology: A software tool was developed using Unity3D, which simulates the interior of the abdomen in laparoscopic operations, adding a new lighting: a mini light-type robot magnetically anchored to the abdominal wall. The mini robot has two different movements to illuminate the scene, one depends on the movement of the endoscope and the other on the image analysis performed. Results: Tests were performed with a representation of the real environment comparing it with the tests in the built tool, obtaining similar results and showing the potential of a mini robot to provide additional lighting to the surgeon if necessary. Conclusions: The designed algorithm allows a mini robot that is magnetically anchored in the abdominal wall to move to low-light areas following two options: a geometric relationship or movement as a result of image analysis.  Introducción: Este documento muestra un sistema que simula la iluminación de la escena abdominal en operaciones de laparoscopia utilizando mini robots. Los mini robots estarían atados magnéticamente a la cavidad abdominal y serían manipulados por un brazo robot externo. Dos algoritmos son probados en este sistema: uno que mueve al mini robot de acuerdo al movimiento del endoscopio, y otro que lo mueve a partir de un análisis de la imagen captada por la escena. Objetivo: Contribuir a la iluminación de la escena quirúrgica por medio de mini robots atados magnéticamente a la cavidad abdominal. Metodología: Se desarrolló una herramienta software por medio de Unity3D, la cual simula el interior del abdomen en operaciones de laparoscopia, agregándosele una nueva iluminación: un mini robot tipo luz anclado magnéticamente a la pared abdominal. El mini robot tiene dos movimientos diferentes para iluminar la escena, uno depende del movimiento del endoscopio y otro del análisis de imagen realizado.  Resultados: Se realizaron pruebas con una representación del entorno real comparándola con las pruebas en la herramienta construida, obteniéndose resultados similares y mostrando el potencial que tiene un mini robot para proporcionar una iluminación adicional al cirujano en caso de ser necesario.   Conclusiones: El algoritmo diseñado permite que un mini robot que estaría anclado magnéticamente a la pared abdominal, se mueva a zonas de baja iluminación siguiendo dos opciones: una relación geométrica o un movimiento como resultado de un análisis de imagen

    Computer- and robot-assisted Medical Intervention

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    Medical robotics includes assistive devices used by the physician in order to make his/her diagnostic or therapeutic practices easier and more efficient. This chapter focuses on such systems. It introduces the general field of Computer-Assisted Medical Interventions, its aims, its different components and describes the place of robots in that context. The evolutions in terms of general design and control paradigms in the development of medical robots are presented and issues specific to that application domain are discussed. A view of existing systems, on-going developments and future trends is given. A case-study is detailed. Other types of robotic help in the medical environment (such as for assisting a handicapped person, for rehabilitation of a patient or for replacement of some damaged/suppressed limbs or organs) are out of the scope of this chapter.Comment: Handbook of Automation, Shimon Nof (Ed.) (2009) 000-00

    METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES RELATING TO FORCE CONTROL SURGICAL SYSTEMS

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    The various embodiments herein relate to robotic surgical systems and devices that use force and/or torque sensors to measure forces applied at various components of the system or device. Certain implementations include robotic surgical devices having one or more force/torque sensors that detect or measure one or more forces applied at or on one or more arms. Other embodiments relate to systems having a robotic surgical device that has one or more sensors and an external controller that has one or more motors such that the sensors transmit information that is used at the controller to actuate the motors to provide haptic feedback to a user

    LOCAL CONTROL ROBOTIC SURGICAL DEVICES AND RELATED METHODS

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    The various robotic medical devices include robotic devices that are disposed within a body cavity and positioned using a support component disposed through an orifice or opening in the body cavity. Additional embodiments relate to devices having arms coupled to a device body wherein the device has a minimal profile such that the device can be easily inserted through smaller incisions in comparison to other devices without such a small profile. Further embodiments relate to methods of operating the above devices
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