Computerized and Electronic Controls in Food Packaging

The focus of food packaging is to contain food in a cost-effective way that satisfies industry requirements and consumer desires, maintains food safety and minimizes environmental impact. Currently, with the increasing demand of the consumers the major concern of food packaging industry is on efficiency of the plant process, productivity, quality as well as safety. It becomes necessary for companies to discover ways to improve their productivity in terms of maintaining safety, using sustainable materials in packaging, implementing flexible and standardized technology, and maintaining good quality of foods. Thus, to achieve the required demands, automation and upgradation of the packaging machinery is necessary and this has been accepted because these changes are robust, flexible, reconfigurable, preserve the quality of the food and are efficient. Due to limitation of feasibility study and research in food packaging, most of the studies focus on trends in food packaging materials (smart packaging). Thus, this review focused on advancement in food packaging machines, involvement of softwares in controlling the working of various machines for example open modular architecture control (OMAC), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Field bus Technology etc. The automated machines include drive system, sensors, actuators etc. So, the knowledge about these techniques will result in enhancing the efficiency of packaging and productivity of food products

Automated Visual Inspection for Bottle Caps Using Fuzzy Logic

Automated Visual Inspection System (AVIS) has the capability to investigate large numbers of manufactured goods quickly and accurately. In addition, this system operates with a high level of reliability and consistency in their tasks. This study proposed an AVIS for detecting cap situations by using fuzzy logic classifiers. The objectives of this research are to develop an applicable image processing algorithm, together with a feature extraction technique, and to detect the cap for plastic bottles which is based on the average of distances. Three types of classification were compared for detecting the bottle caps. They are Mamdani, Sugeno, and production rule. The system was evaluated in a real time environment. The results are 97.91%, 97.5%, 96.66% accuracy for Mamdani, Sugeno, and production rule respectively

CPA\u27s guide to restaurant management strategies : accounting, cost controls, and analysis;

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1129/thumbnail.jp

The 100 ampere-hour nickel cadmium battery development program, volume 1

A program to develop a long-life, reliable and safe 100 ampere-hour sealed nickel-cadmium cell and battery module with ancillary charge control and automated test equipment to fulfill the requirements of a large Manned Orbital Space Station which uses Solar Arrays as its prime source for 25 kW of electrical power was conducted. A sealed 100 ampere-hour cell with long life potential and a replaceable, space maintainable battery module has been developed for Manned Space Station applications. The 100 ampere-hour cell has been characterized for initial (early life) anticipated conditions

Ergonomic interventions for the soft drink beverage delivery industry

"The goal of this study was to apply ergonomic controls in the soft drink beverage delivery industry, and measure the effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal injuries through psychophysical, physiological, and biomechanical methods. Nine driver/sales workers with an average of 20 years experience participated in the study. Risk factors inherent in the job included exposure to whole body vibration from driving the trucks, pushing and pulling loads exceeding 350 pounds, repetitive lifting and moving of crates, slip and fall injuries, surface conditions, exposure to sharp glass from broken glass bottles, robberies, and moving products from bays into the trucks. All nine participants reported suffering a work related musculoskeletal injury, with eight reporting back injuries, five reporting arm injuries, and four reporting leg injuries. All had taken time off as a result of the injuries, with the average time off being 2.8 months. The author recommends the use of several engineering controls, including drop down shelves; low boy tractor trailers; redesigned grab handles; antislip grit on bay rails, platforms, foot wells, and steps; additional foot wells; pullout steps; a dual hand truck holder with high back; adjustable height air cushioned seats; bay door straps; and relocation of the computerized beverage billing and printing system within the truck." - NIOSHTIC-2Shipping list no.: 98-0026-P.Cover title: Ergonomic interventions for the soft drink beverage delivery industry."July 1996."Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references