Development of Gentle Slope Light Guide Structure in a 3.4 μm Pixel Pitch Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor with Multiple Accumulation Shutter Technology

CMOS image sensors (CISs) with global shutter (GS) function are strongly required in order to avoid image degradation. However, CISs with GS function have generally been inferior to the rolling shutter (RS) CIS in performance, because they have more components. This problem is remarkable in small pixel pitch. The newly developed 3.4 µm pitch GS CIS solves this problem by using multiple accumulation shutter technology and the gentle slope light guide structure. As a result, the developed GS pixel achieves 1.8 e− temporal noise and 16,200 e− full well capacity with charge domain memory in 120 fps operation. The sensitivity and parasitic light sensitivity are 28,000 e−/lx·s and −89 dB, respectively. Moreover, the incident light angle dependence of sensitivity and parasitic light sensitivity are improved by the gentle slope light guide structure

Remote Sensing

This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas

Hyperspectral Imaging for Fine to Medium Scale Applications in Environmental Sciences

The aim of the Special Issue “Hyperspectral Imaging for Fine to Medium Scale Applications in Environmental Sciences” was to present a selection of innovative studies using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in different thematic fields. This intention reflects the technical developments in the last three decades, which have brought the capacity of HSI to provide spectrally, spatially and temporally detailed data, favoured by e.g., hyperspectral snapshot technologies, miniaturized hyperspectral sensors and hyperspectral microscopy imaging. The present book comprises a suite of papers in various fields of environmental sciences—geology/mineral exploration, digital soil mapping, mapping and characterization of vegetation, and sensing of water bodies (including under-ice and underwater applications). In addition, there are two rather methodically/technically-oriented contributions dealing with the optimized processing of UAV data and on the design and test of a multi-channel optical receiver for ground-based applications. All in all, this compilation documents that HSI is a multi-faceted research topic and will remain so in the future

Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook

The Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook: Two-Volume Set comprehensively captures the cross-disciplinary breadth of the fields of micro- and nanofluidics, which encompass the biological sciences, chemistry, physics and engineering applications. To fill the knowledge gap between engineering and the basic sciences, the editors pulled together key individuals, well known in their respective areas, to author chapters that help graduate students, scientists, and practicing engineers understand the overall area of microfluidics and nanofluidics. Topics covered include Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation Lattice Boltzmann Method and Its Applications in Microfluidics Microparticle and Nanoparticle Manipulation Methane Solubility Enhancement in Water Confined to Nanoscale Pores Volume Two: Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications focuses on topics related to experimental and numerical methods. It also covers fabrication and applications in a variety of areas, from aerospace to biological systems. Reflecting the inherent nature of microfluidics and nanofluidics, the book includes as much interdisciplinary knowledge as possible. It provides the fundamental science background for newcomers and advanced techniques and concepts for experienced researchers and professionals

Laser texturisation of photovoltaic module superstrates for enhanced light trapping performance

In order to increase the efficiency of solar cell modules it is necessary to make the optimum use of light incident upon them. Much research has been conducted to improve light absorption through front surface texturing and light trapping schemes. Laser light is commonly used in industry for various applications including marking and texturing. By controlling laser parameters, it is possible to tailor macro and micro structures in most materials. A CO2 laser operating at 10.6μm wavelength was used to produce grooved textures in fused quartz material with a view to its usage as a cover glass on top of the photovoltaic cell surface. With correct texturing it is postulated that increased energy absorption can be promoted due to trapping of light within the photovoltaic cell due to total internal reflection and enhanced optical path lengths. Analysis of the effects of the laser parameters on the texture geometry and surface morphology was performed through a combination of cross-sectioning and scanning electron microscopy. Transmission spectra through the textured glass samples were recorded, and transmission through the glass was improved for most samples after acid etching. It was found that for acute angles of incidence of wavelengths of natural sunlight upon the cells, greater coupling efficiencies were achieved compared to flat surfaces, due to the increased light trapping effect. The main contributions of this work include examination and quantification that indicate the laser textured solar superstrates can increase the light trapping effect within silicon solar cells and that an enhanced light trapping can be achieved when silicon quantum dots deposited directly on a textured superstrate. Another two important contributions are found in the development of characterisation methods and analyses of microstructures relevant to light trapping in current and emerging solar cell technologies. These include the design, fabrication, development, and verification of a newly designed and commissioned depth-from-focus based optical profilometer with which new results in the metrology of translucent surfaces with micro-scale roughness are presented. Software to analyse serial FIB-SEM sections of monolithic porous microstructures was also developed. The results gained from these characterisation methods have allowed, and it is postulated will in the future provide, a more detailed understanding of the light trapping process with various microstructures

Aerial Vehicles

This book contains 35 chapters written by experts in developing techniques for making aerial vehicles more intelligent, more reliable, more flexible in use, and safer in operation.It will also serve as an inspiration for further improvement of the design and application of aeral vehicles. The advanced techniques and research described here may also be applicable to other high-tech areas such as robotics, avionics, vetronics, and space

Cryogenic ion trapping for next generation quantum technologies

Quantum technology has made great strides in the last two decades with trapped ions demonstrating all the necessary building blocks for a quantum computer. While these proof of principle experiments have been demonstrated, it still remains a challenging task to scale these experiments down to smaller systems. In this thesis I describe the development of technology towards scalable cryogenic ion trapping and quantum hybrid systems. I first discuss the fundamentals of ion trapping along with the demonstration of ion trapping on a novel surface electrode ion trap with a ring shaped architecture. I then present the development of a cryogenic vacuum system for ion trapping at ~4 K, which utilizes a closed cycle Gifford McMahon cryocooler with a helium gas buffered ultra-low vibration interface to mechanically decouple a ultra-high vacuum system. Ancillary technologies are also presented, including a novel in-vacuum superconducting rf resonator, low power dissipation ceramic based atomic source oven and an adaptable in-vacuum permanent magnet system for long-wavelength based quantum logic. The design and fabrication of microfabricated surface ion traps toward quantum hybrid technologies are then presented. A superconducting ion trap with an integrated high quality factor microwave cavity and vertical ion shuttling capabilities is described. The experimental demonstration of the cavity is also presented with quality factors of Q6~6000 and Q~15000 for superconducting niobium nitride and gold based cavities respectively, which are the highest demonstrated for microwave cavities integrated within ion trapping electrode architectures. An ion trap with a multipole electrode geometry is then presented, which is capable of trapping a large number of ions simultaneously. The homogeneity of five individual linear trapping regions are optimized and the design for the principle axis rotation of each linear region is presented. An overview of microfabrication techniques used for fabricating surface electrode ion traps is then presented. This includes the detailed microfabrication procedure for ion traps designed within this thesis. A scheme for the integration of ion trapping and superconducting qubit systems as a step towards the realization of a quantum hybrid system is then presented. This scheme addresses two key diffculties in realizing such a system; a combined microfabricated ion trap and superconducting qubit architecture, and the experimental infrastructure to facilitate both technologies. Solutions that can be immediately implemented using current technology are presented. Finally, as a step towards scalability and hybrid quantum systems, the interaction between a single ion and a microwaves field produced from an on chip microwave cavity is explored. The interaction is described for the high-Q microwave cavity designed in this thesis and a 171Yb+ion. A description of the observable transmission from the cavity is described and it is shown that the presence of a single ion can indeed be observed in the emission spectrum of high-Q microwave cavity even in the weak coupling regime

Proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress

Published proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress, hosted by York University, 27-30 May 2018

MC 2019 Berlin Microscopy Conference - Abstracts

Das Dokument enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge aller Teilnehmer an der Mikroskopiekonferenz "MC 2019", die vom 01. bis 05.09.2019, in Berlin stattfand