Crowdsourcing as a way to access external knowledge for innovation

This paper focuses on “crowdsourcing” as a significant trend in the new paradigm of open innovation (Chesbrough 2006; Chesbrough & Appleyard 2007). Crowdsourcing conveys the idea of opening the R&D processes to “the crowd” through a web 2.0 infrastructure. Based on two cases studies of crowdsourcing webstartups (Wilogo and CrowdSpirit), the paper aims to build a framework to characterize and interpret the tension between value creation by a community and value capture by a private economic actor. Contributing to the discussions on “hybrid organizational forms” in organizational studies (Bruce & Jordan 2007), the analysis examines how theses new models combine various forms of relationships and exchanges (market or non market). It describes how crowdsourcing conveys new patterns of control, incentives and co-ordination mechanisms.communauté ; crowdsourcing ; innovation ; formes organisationnelles hybrides ; plateforme ; web 2.0

Strategic Asset Seeking and Innovation Performance: The Role of Innovation Capabilities and Host Country Institutions

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University satellite institutes as exogenous facilitators of technology transfer ecosystem development

Universities can contribute to knowledge-based regional development not only in their home region but also in other regions. In a number of countries, universities have established university satellite institutes in additional (host) regions to promote research and technology transfer there. We investigate the role of university satellite institutes in the industrial development of regions, which, albeit not economically marginal, suffer from a weak knowledge infrastructure, limited absorptive capacities for external knowledge in the business sector and hence a low degree of attractiveness for non-local knowledge actors. Despite policy recommendations in favor of establishing satellite institutes, there has only been limited empirical research on this phenomenon, particularly concerning technology transfer ecosystem development. To fill this gap, we provide an exploratory case study of university satellite institutes in the Pearl River Delta of China’s Guangdong province. We show how such institutes can be successful in facilitating the development of their host region’s technology transfer ecosystems and demonstrate why they should be conceptually included in our existing understanding of third mission activities. Our research centers on the interplay of geographical proximity and non-spatial, organized proximity in the development of interregional knowledge bridges and entrepreneurial opportunities. We argue that the university’s geographical proximity is only successful if the satellite institute, by facilitating organized proximity, promotes the geographical proximity of further knowledge actors, hereby propelling ecosystem development. © 2021, The Author(s)

You Wei and Wu Wei: Ambivalence of Chinese outbound mergers and acquisitions

China is assuming an increasingly prominent position in the world economy as the investment begins to flow from China to the world. Compared to the ‘West goes to China’, the institutional environment, the cultural roots and the corresponding managerial behaviours are quite distinct. These distinct characteristics may challenge the conventional wisdom in the dominant mainstream theories of international business and multinational strategy. Based on both quantitative study, multi-case studies and over 50 interviews with Chinese and Western professionals, this thesis reflected the ambivalence of the government and Chinese companies in outward M&As. While the Chinese government shows a You Wei attitude towards outward M&As, You Wei acts on outward M&As in an ambivalent manner. On the one hand, the You Wei government positively facilitates outward technology exploration as an essential part of the technology development in China’s high-speed rail industry; on the other hand, the You Wei government distorts the capital allocation for outward M&As between SOEs and POEs, and compensates for the loss by SOEs through low-cost debt financing. Similarly, Chinese companies behave ambivalently towards outward M&As. On the one hand, Chinese companies display a You Wei strategy, proactively coping with the various domestic stakeholders in the M&A legitimization process; on the other hand, they manifest a Wu Wei action, effortlessly dealing with post-acquisition integration in developed economies. Overall, the ambivalence of outward Chinese M&As is characterized by a typical Chinese "both/and" and interdependent opposites’ managerial paradigm

The impacts of engagement in science park collaborative network on innovation capabilities and financial performance of tenant firms

This study aims to examine how engagement in science park collaborative network (ESPCN) influences innovation capabilities and financial performance of on-park firms. Based on the survey towards Beijing and Shanghai science parks in China, it explores how science park ecosystem creates value for their hosted firms. This research address three research questions, including (1) What should the measurement scale of ESPCN entail in order help tenants exploit benefits associated with science park location? (2) What is the impact of ESPCN on innovation capabilities and financial performance of tenant firms? (2) What are individual impacts of four dimensions of ESPCN on innovation capabilities and financial performance of tenant firms

Value Co-creation Between the Service Systems of Trade Intermediaries, Customers, Partners and Finnish Cleantech SMEs Entering China

Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, is an ongoing hot topic of economic and political discussion and debate in Finland. China, as the world leading economy in constant search for new high-end technology, has been considered as a potential new driver of Finnish SME internationalization growth. In particular, the cleantech industry has raised serious attention in the Chinese market, and Finnish SMEs have looked to tap into the market with the help of trade organization programmes. Also in Finland trade organizations have set forth various trade programmes, but the efficiency and effectiveness of those initiatives have not been studied intensively. The present study takes a holistic perspective on the value creation networks of the Finnish cleantech SMEs in China. In particular, the study seeks answers to how trade organizations can facilitate success at the market entry stage of the Finnish SMEs. Furthermore, the study takes a view of long term business success as the true measurement of the market entry’s success. The study presents a literature review on value co-creation, service systems, business models and SME internationalization and combines the key theoretical concepts into a theoretical framework. This framework concludes the key constructs of value co-creation networks, value sensing, configurational fit and business model development. The framework is then used as a structure for five separate case studies in which successful cleantech SME’s China market entries and trade organizations’ roles are analyzed. The data is analyzed in a cross-case analysis and ten key findings are concluded. These findings, at last, are presented in the light of the existing literature on SME internationalization in order to build a new platform for future research and discuss the generalizability of the case findings. The Chinese market is found to be large but highly competitive. It was found that trade organizations are well on the page on market entry stage support, but the focus should be aimed at boosting and accelerating SMEs internal strength and competence. It is concluded that the Chinese market is considered the world’s toughest, and the successful cases have typically improved its business operations holistically in order to meet the Chinese market needs. Last, a development structure for trade programme developers is presented

New frontiers in international strategy

This paper is based on a panel we organized at the "First Annual Conference on Emerging Research Frontiers in International Business Studies", organized by the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS), to discuss several new lines of research in international strategy. Four lines of research are developed: The strategic implications of semiglobalization, the impact of institutional voids in international strategy, primitives and levels of analysis in international business, and strategies for the base of the pyramid. Taken together, these studies aim to open a new frontier in our understanding of International Strategy, based on the co-location of firms as places and a key element in international business.international business; semiglobalization; internal strategy; base pyramid; institutions; competitiveness;

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ОТКРЫТЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ: ПОНЯТИЕ, ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Today flexibility is becoming one of the most important capability in business, because the product life cycle is reduced, the external environment of organizations is constantly changing, technologies are improving every day. In such circumstances, companies cannot afford to develop technologies exclusively in R&D departments in their companies; this is unproductive, inefficient and expensive. Companies “opened” their innovation processes to improve their innovation potential. The relevance of this work is due to the great interest of both the scientific community and practitioners in the instruments and strategies needed for successful adoption of the theory of open innovation.The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the progress on open innovation literature reflecting the most essential topics to be covered in future research. This survey study makes a significant contribution to the research of the open innovation theory. The article offers a detailed overview of the various views and studies related to this topic. The evolution in the field of research of open innovation theory is presented here. The article is structured as follows: the link between open innovation and other theories in management, the adoption of open innovation paradigm in different industries, the influence of adopting the open innovation theory on the business, criticism of the open innovation theory, researches studying open innovation theory conducted in Russia, classification of frameworks in the open innovation theory. This article describes the state of open innovation at the intersection of research, practice, and policy.In addition, this work focuses on the most cited publications of the most cited scientists, as well as on the work of the last two to three years.We combinebibliographic analysis of all papers on the topic published in Scopus database witha systematic content analysis of the field to develop a deeper understanding of earlier work.В работе на основе анализа статей в международных журналах рассматривается проблематика развития теории открытых инноваций и условий и факторов эффективности применения ее инструментов.  В работе структурированы исследования теории открытых инноваций: связь между открытыми инновациями и другими теориями в управлении, внедрение парадигмы открытых инноваций в различных отраслях промышленности, влияние принятия теории открытых инноваций на бизнес, критика теории открытых инноваций, исследования, изучающие теорию открытых инноваций, проводимые в России. Кроме того, эта работа посвящена наиболее цитируемым публикациям наиболее цитируемых ученых и другим исследованиям последних двух-трех лет. Мы объединяем библиографический анализ всех работ по этой теме, опубликованных в базе данных Scopus, с систематическим анализом содержания этого направления исследований, чтобы развить более глубокое понимание предыдущих исследований. Приведены примеры классификации основных моделей в теории открытых инноваций. Сформулированы перспективные направления будущих исследований