Fourth National Aeronautics and Space Administration Weather and Climate Program Science Review

The NASA Weather and Climate Program has two major thrusts. The first involves the development of experimental and prototype operational satellite systems, sensors, and space facilities for monitoring and understanding the atmosphere. The second thrust involves basic scientific investigation aimed at studying the physical and chemical processes which control weather and climate. This fourth science review concentrated on the scientific research rather than the hardware development aspect of the program. These proceedings contain 65 papers covering the three general areas: severe storms and local weather research, global weather, and climate

Literature review of the remote sensing of natural resources

Abstracts of 596 documents related to remote sensors or the remote sensing of natural resources by satellite, aircraft, or ground-based stations are presented. Topics covered include general theory, geology and hydrology, agriculture and forestry, marine sciences, urban land use, and instrumentation. Recent documents not yet cited in any of the seven information sources used for the compilation are summarized. An author/key word index is provided

Sustainable Agriculture and Advances of Remote Sensing (Volume 1)

Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publishing the results, among others

Earth Resources: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 11, October 1976

This bibliography lists 714 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between July 1976 and September 1976. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis

3-я Міжнародна конференція зі сталого майбутнього: екологічні, технологічні, соціальні та економічні аспекти (ICSF 2022) 24-27 травня 2022 року, м. Кривий Ріг, Україна

Матеріали 3-ої Міжнародної конференції зі сталого майбутнього: екологічні, технологічні, соціальні та економічні аспекти (ICSF 2022) 24-27 травня 2022 року, м. Кривий Ріг, Україна.Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Futures: Environmental, Technological, Social and Economic Matters (ICSF 2022) 24-27 May 2022, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine

Investigating the build-up of precedence effect using reflection masking

The auditory processing level involved in the build‐up of precedence [Freyman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 874–884 (1991)] has been investigated here by employing reflection masked threshold (RMT) techniques. Given that RMT techniques are generally assumed to address lower levels of the auditory signal processing, such an approach represents a bottom‐up approach to the buildup of precedence. Three conditioner configurations measuring a possible buildup of reflection suppression were compared to the baseline RMT for four reflection delays ranging from 2.5–15 ms. No buildup of reflection suppression was observed for any of the conditioner configurations. Buildup of template (decrease in RMT for two of the conditioners), on the other hand, was found to be delay dependent. For five of six listeners, with reflection delay=2.5 and 15 ms, RMT decreased relative to the baseline. For 5‐ and 10‐ms delay, no change in threshold was observed. It is concluded that the low‐level auditory processing involved in RMT is not sufficient to realize a buildup of reflection suppression. This confirms suggestions that higher level processing is involved in PE buildup. The observed enhancement of reflection detection (RMT) may contribute to active suppression at higher processing levels

Microscale spatial distributions of microbes in marine intertidal sediments and photosynthetic microbial mats

Marine sedimentary habitats generally have their highest microbial activity in the top few centimeters. Where light reaches the surface sediments, benthic oxygenic photoautotrophs composed of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae (such as diatoms) dominate. In situations with a low grazing pressure like intertidal flats, this leads to permanently vertically laminated microbial communities (photosynthetic microbial mats). Although the importance of collecting samples at the scale relevant for microbial activity in sedimentary habitats has been acknowledged, this aspect is still virtually unstudied. The main focus in this thesis concerns, therefore, microscale (μm to mm) spatial distributions of key players in photosynthetic microbial mats, i.e. viruses, prokaryotes and oxygenic photoautotrophs. Initially, two methods were developed; to extract and count viruses from microbial mats, and to discriminate in a non-intrusive manner the different photoautotrophic groups. Application showed strong vertical and horizontal microscale heterogeneity in the distributions of these microbes, both in intertidal sediment (Scotland) and photosynthetic microbial mats (Netherlands). Moreover, I studied the effect mortality agents, such as viruses and fungi, may have on microscale spatial and temporal distributions of key members of the microbial mats and sediment. High viral abundances in the microbial mats indicated that viruses could be a significant structuring factor. Fungi clearly affected the spatial distribution of oxygenic photoautotrophs by degrading benthic cyanobacteria and diatoms in ring-like shapes during summer and autumn. Based on these findings I recommend more research on microscale distributions and underlying mortality processes to improve our understanding of species diversity, succession and biogeochemical cycling in microbial mats